摘要
为了揭示东寨港红树林湿地蚂蚁的物种多样性与分布格局,采用陷阱法、定点采集(计数)法并辅以现场补充观察研究了东寨港红树林湿地蚂蚁的物种空间分布特征。结果显示,东寨港红树林湿地共有蚁科(Formicidae)昆虫5亚科17属32种。其中,以道学的物种丰富度最高,塔市次之,河港再次,三江-罗豆最少。在9类生境中,低干扰大面积高林生境与低干扰小面积高林生境的蚂蚁物种最丰富,均达13种。对于不同蚂蚁种类,占据生境类型较多、分布较广泛的是东京弓背蚁(Camponotus vitiosus)、异色小家蚁(Monomorium floricola)和黑褐举腹蚁(Crematogaster rogenhoferi)。群落相似性分析发现,东寨港红树林湿地的蚂蚁物种组成在东寨港红树林四大片以及9类生境之间相似性均不高。总体来看,高干扰生境之间的物种组成相似度显著较高,低干扰生境之间的物种组成相似度显著较低,而基于面积和植被类型划分的各类生境之间的物种组成相似度则均无显著差异。本研究结果可为更好地理解东寨港红树林湿地蚂蚁多样性与维持机制提供参考。
A survey was conducted to study the spatial distribution characteristics of ant species in Dongzhaigang mangroves by pit-fall trap, on-site counts of individuals and complementary observation, in order to reveal the species diversity and distribution pattern of ant species in Dongzhaigang mangroves. A total of 32 species belonging to 17 genera and 5 subfamilies of Formicidae was recorded in Dongzhaigang mangroves, in where the order of four districts based on species richness, from high to low, was Daoxue, Tashi, Hegang and Sanjiang-Luodou. With regard to the habitats of nine types, the highest species was found in the habitats with low disturbance, small area and tall canopies, and with low disturbance, large area and tall canopies. The Camponotus vitiosus, Monomorium floricola and Crematogaster rogenhoferi are the most widely distributed species, occupying the widest range of habitats in the study area. Based on the analysis of community similarity,it was found that the similarity indices were not high among the four districts and the nine habitats. In general, the similarities of species composition were significantly higher among highly disturbed habitats, and were significantly lower among lowly disturbed habitats, however, the similarities were different with no statistical significances among habitat types, irrespectively by plot area and vegetation height. Based on our investigation, it is necessary to carry out further studies to reveal the formation and maintenance mechanism of ant diversity of Dongzhaigang mangroves more deeply.
引文
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