解磷菌对巢湖地区富磷岩石风化实验研究
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摘要
微生物在岩石风化过程中起着不可或缺的作用。文章通过当地土壤中采集到的微生物群对富磷矿物进行溶出实验,通过改变培养基中的碳源,模拟多种微生物成长环境下孤峰组岩层中的岩源磷释放过程,并对pH值、氧化还原点位(oxidation-reduction potential,ORP)、OD600、有机酸等关键参数进行同步检测,以期确定微生物对该区域岩源磷释放的影响机制与关键控制因素。研究结果表明:微生物生长繁殖产生草酸为主的有机酸,降低环境的pH值,增加ORP,大幅促进了难溶性磷的释放;不同碳源供给下,微生物量、产酸的种类、数量以及形成的pH值、ORP环境有一定差别,影响岩源磷释放速率。
Microbes play indispensable roles in the process of rock weathering.In this paper,the dissolution experiments of phosphorus-rich minerals were carried out by microbes collected in the local soil.By changing the carbon source in the culture medium,the release of phosphorus in the rock formation of the Gufeng Formation in a variety of microbial growth environments was simulated.And the pH value,oxidation-reduction potential(ORP),OD600,organic acid and other key parameters were detected in order to determine the microbial impact on the release of phosphorus in the rock and the key control factors.The results showed that the organic acids produced by microbial growth were mainly oxalic acid,which decreased the pH value of the environment,increased ORP and promoted the release of insoluble phosphorus.Under different carbon source conditions,the microbial biomass,the type and quantity of acid production,the pH value of the formation and the ORP environment were different,affecting the release rate of phosphorus source.
Microbes play indispensable roles in the process of rock weathering.In this paper,the dissolution experiments of phosphorus-rich minerals were carried out by microbes collected in the local soil.By changing the carbon source in the culture medium,the release of phosphorus in the rock formation of the Gufeng Formation in a variety of microbial growth environments was simulated.And the pH value,oxidation-reduction potential(ORP),OD600,organic acid and other key parameters were detected in order to determine the microbial impact on the release of phosphorus in the rock and the key control factors.The results showed that the organic acids produced by microbial growth were mainly oxalic acid,which decreased the pH value of the environment,increased ORP and promoted the release of insoluble phosphorus.Under different carbon source conditions,the microbial biomass,the type and quantity of acid production,the pH value of the formation and the ORP environment were different,affecting the release rate of phosphorus source.
引文
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[32]张福锁.环境胁迫与植物根际营养[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
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[34]吴文丽,洪坚平,孟会生,等.连续施用解磷菌肥对复垦土壤磷酸酶和Hedley磷形态的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(4):59-64.
[35]冯晨.持续淋溶条件下有机酸对土壤磷素释放的影响及机理研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.
[2]闫昆,刘国生,张园远等.基于层次分析法构建巢湖北部矿区环境评价体系[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,35(8):1106-1112.
[3] GADD G M,RAMSAY L,CRAWFORD J W,et al.Nutritional influence on fungal colony growth and biomass distribution in response to toxic metals[J].Fems Microbiology Letters,2001,204(2):311-316.
[4] STOCK J B,NINFA A J,STOCK A M.Protein phosphorylation and regulation of adaptive responses in bacteria[J].Microbiol Rev,1989,53(4):450-490.
[5] WHITELAW M A,HARDEN T J,HELYAR K R.Phosphate solubilisation in solution culture by the soil fungus Penicillium radicum[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1999,31(5):655-665.
[6] JONGMANS A G,BREEMEN N V,LUNDSTROM U,et al.Rock-eating fungi[J].Nature,1997,389(6652):682-683.
[7]范丙全.北方石灰性土壤中青霉菌P8(Penicilliumoxalicum)活化难溶磷的作用和机理研究[D].北京:中国农业科学研究院,2001.
[8] MARRA L M,OLIVEIRA S M D,FERREIRA P A A,et al.Biological nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization by bacteria isolated from tropical soils[J].Plant and Soil,2012,357(1):289-307.
[9]汪家权,沈燕华,马玉萍等.低分子量有机酸对岩源磷释放的实验研究[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(11):2213-2220.
[10]陶涛,叶明,刘冬,等.无机解磷细菌的筛选、鉴定及其溶磷能力研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,34(2):304-308.
[11]吴晓燕.多菌种协同分解中低品位磷矿的作用机理研究[D].武汉:武汉工程大学,2015.
[12] GUPTA J K,HEDING L G,JORGENSEN O B.Effect of sugars,hydrogen ion concentration and ammonium nitrate on the formation of citric acid by Aspergillus niger[J].Acta Microbiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae,1976,23(1):63-70.
[13] XU D B,Madrid C P,RO··HR M,et al.The influence of type and concentration of the carbon source on production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1989,30(6):553-558.
[14] Intermational Organization for Standarization.Water quality.determination of phosphorus.ammonium molybdate spectrometric method.2.ed.:EN ISO6878:2004[S].[S.l.:s.n.],2004.
[15] ZHANG T Q,MACKENZIE A F.Changes of phosphorous fractions under continuous corn production in a temperate clay soil[J].Plant and Soil,1997,192(1):133-139.
[16]陈华癸.土壤微生物学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1981.
[17]李露莉,邱树毅.不同碳源对解磷真菌溶解低品位磷矿能力的影响[J].生物技术通报,2011(5):167-171.
[18]冯瑞章,姚拓,周万海,等.溶磷菌和固氮菌溶解磷矿粉时的互作效应[J].生态学报,2006,26(8):2764-2769.
[19] RMN K.Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and fungi in various cultivated and virgin Alberta soils[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,1983,63(4):671-678.
[20]王成华,孙纳新.里氏木霉91-3纤维素酶产生条件的研究[J].食品与发酵工业,1996(5):1-6.
[21] LIN Q,ZHAO X,SUN Y X,et al.Community characters of soil phosphobacteria in four ecosystems[J].Soil&Environmentalences,2000,9(1):34-37.
[22] NARSIAN V T,PATEL H H.Relationship of physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soils with native population of mineral phosphate solubilizing fungi[J].Indian Journal of Microbiology,2009,49(1):60-67.
[23] PEA A,RMN K,JWB S.Inorganic phosphate solubilization by two Penicillium species in solution culture and soil[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1988,20(4):459-464.
[24] VON A EINSELE H,FINN R K,SAMHABER W.Mikrobiologische und biochemische Verfahrenstechnik[J].Narchr Chem Tech Lab,1985,33(11):978-979.
[25] THOMAS G V,SHANTARAM M V,SARASWATHY N.Occurrence and activity of phosphate-solubilizing fungi from coconut plantation soils[J].Plant and Soil,1985,87(3):357-364.
[26]陈俊,陆俊锟,康丽华,等.红树林溶磷菌的初步鉴定、溶磷能力测定及其优化培养[J].微生物学通报,2009,36(8):1183-1188.
[27]尹军,刘志生,赵可,等.饮用水中无机成分与氧化还原电位的关系[J].环境与健康杂志,2006,23(2):148-151.
[28]郑继岱,徐国谦,储炬,等.利用氧化还原电位调控乳酸发酵[J].生物加工过程,2008,6(5):73-77.
[29]东野脉兴,樊竹青,张灼,等.云南滇池微生物对磷循环与沉积作用的实验研究[J].化工矿产地质,2003,25(2):65-75.
[30] ALEXANDER I J.Zinc phosphate and pyromorphite solubilization by soil plant-symbiotic fungi[J].Geomicrobiology Journal,2004,21(5):351-366.
[31]冯晨,颜丽,关连珠.有机酸对五种人工合成磷酸盐活化作用及活化途径的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(6):1395-1402.
[32]张福锁.环境胁迫与植物根际营养[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[33]金相灿,王圣瑞,庞燕.太湖沉积物磷形态及pH值对磷释放的影响[J].中国环境科学,2004,24(6):707-711.
[34]吴文丽,洪坚平,孟会生,等.连续施用解磷菌肥对复垦土壤磷酸酶和Hedley磷形态的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(4):59-64.
[35]冯晨.持续淋溶条件下有机酸对土壤磷素释放的影响及机理研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.