磁屏蔽装置结构参数的组合优化方法
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摘要
针对磁屏蔽装置结构参数优化问题,将解析法计算简单和数值法计算精确的优点相结合,提出一种"解析+数值"组合优化方法。确定装置的磁屏蔽性能计算是否存在解析表达式,若难以得到解析表达式,则采用人工神经网络建立其磁屏蔽性能计算模型,得到其"黑箱解析式";采用智能优化算法在短时间内对解析式或"黑箱解析式"进行快速"粗"寻优,进而以此为基准,再采用数值法在一次寻优结果附近进行小步长精细扫描计算,实现"精"寻优;采用交互验证的方式确认寻优结果的可信度。对双层圆柱形和单层矩形磁屏蔽装置的结构参数进行优化,结果表明"解析+数值"这种从"粗"到"精"的组合寻优方法是正确的,该方法得到的优化结果比纯解析优化得到的结果具有更高的可信度。
An"analytic + numerical"optimization method is proposed for the structural parameter optimization of magnetic shielding device,which combines the calculation simplicity of analytic method and the high calculation accuracy of numerical method. First,it is necessary to judge whether there is an analytical expression for the calculation of magnetic shielding performance. If it is difficult to obtain the analytical expression,the artificial neural network can be used to establish a calculation model,and a "black box analytical expression"is obtained. The intelligent optimization algorithm is used for quick "rough"optimization for analytical expression or "black box analytical expression"in a short time. And then the numerical method is used for the fine scanning calculation based on the "rough"optimal solution to achieve a "fine"optimization. The credibility of the optimized results is confirmed by cross-validation.The structural parameter optimization of double layer cylindrical and single layer rectangular magnetic shielding devices were simulated. The simulated results show that the coarse-to-fine optimization method is correct,and has higher reliability than pure analytical optimization.
An"analytic + numerical"optimization method is proposed for the structural parameter optimization of magnetic shielding device,which combines the calculation simplicity of analytic method and the high calculation accuracy of numerical method. First,it is necessary to judge whether there is an analytical expression for the calculation of magnetic shielding performance. If it is difficult to obtain the analytical expression,the artificial neural network can be used to establish a calculation model,and a "black box analytical expression"is obtained. The intelligent optimization algorithm is used for quick "rough"optimization for analytical expression or "black box analytical expression"in a short time. And then the numerical method is used for the fine scanning calculation based on the "rough"optimal solution to achieve a "fine"optimization. The credibility of the optimized results is confirmed by cross-validation.The structural parameter optimization of double layer cylindrical and single layer rectangular magnetic shielding devices were simulated. The simulated results show that the coarse-to-fine optimization method is correct,and has higher reliability than pure analytical optimization.
引文
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[21]余胜威. MATLAB优化算法案例分析与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2014:156-157.YU Sheng-wei. Case analysis and application of MATLAB optimization algorithm[M]. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2014:156-157.(in Chinese)
[22]王小川,史峰,郁磊,等. MATLAB神经网络43个案例分析[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2013:59-66.WANG Xiao-chuan,SHI Feng,YU Lei,et al. 43 cases analysis of MATLAB neural network[M]. Beijing:Beihang University Press,2013:59-66.(in Chinese)
[2] Altarev I,Babcok E,Beck D,et al. A magnetically shielded room with ultra low residual field and gradient[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments,2014,85(7):075106.
[3]王仕成,吕志峰,张金生,等.基于半实物仿真的地磁导航等值线匹配算法评估[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2015,41(2):187-192.WANG Shi-cheng,LYU Zhi-feng,ZHANG Jin-sheng,et al. Evaluation of ICCP algorithm for geomagnetic navigation based on hardware-in-the-loop simulation[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2015,41(2):187-192.(in Chinese)
[4]吕志峰,张金生,王仕成,等.高精度地磁场模拟系统的设计与研究[J].宇航学报,2014,35(11):1284-1290.LYU Zhi-feng,ZHANG Jin-sheng,WANG Shi-cheng,et al. Design and research of high-accuracy geomagnetic field intensity simulation system[J]. Journal of Astronautics,2014,35(11):1284-1290.(in Chinese)
[5]冯高平,孙羽,郑昕,等.氦原子精密光谱实验中的精密磁场设计与测量[J].物理学报,2014,63(12):123201.FENG Gao-ping,SUN Yu,ZHENG Xin,et al. Design and measurement of a magnetic field for precision spectroscopy of helium[J]. Acta Physica Sinica,2014,63(12):123201.(in Chinese)
[6] Bork J,Hahlbohm H D,Klein R,et al. The 8-layered magnetically shielded room of the PTB:design and construction[C]∥Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Biomagnetism.Espoo,Finland:Springer-Verlag,2000:970-973.
[7] Cohen D. A shielded facility for low-level magnetic measurement[J]. Journal of Applied Physics,1967,38(3):1295-1296.
[8] Dickerson S,Hogan J M,Johnson D M S,et al. A high-performance magnetic shield with large length-to-diameter ratio[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments,2012,83(6):065108.
[9] Kajiwara G,Harakawa K,Ogata H,et al. High-performance magnetically shielded room[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1996,32(4):2582-2585.
[10] Sumner T J,Pendlebury J M,Smith K F. Conventional magnetic shielding[J]. Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1987,20(9):1095-1101.
[11] Wadey W G. Magnetic shielding with multiple cylindrical shells[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments,1956,27(11):910-916.
[12]郑天宇,陈德智,王雪,等.电流比较仪多层小气隙磁屏蔽磁场的解析解[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(21):153-160.ZHENG Tian-yu,CHEN De-zhi,WANG Xue,et al. Analytical solution of magnetic field for current comparator's multilayer shield with tiny air gap[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(21):153-160.(in Chinese)
[13]倪有源,黄亚,赵亮.新型结构永磁屏蔽电机三维磁场分析和电感计算[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(1):98-104.NI You-yuan,HUANG Ya,ZHAO Liang. Analysis of 3-dimensional field and calculation of inductance for a new structure of a permanent magnet canned motor[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(1):98-104.(in Chinese)
[14]张献,章鹏程,杨庆新,等.基于有限元方法的电动汽车无线充电耦合机构的磁屏蔽设计与分析[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(1):71-79.ZHANG Xian,ZHANG Peng-cheng,YANG Qing-xin,et al.Magnetic shielding design and analysis for wireless charging coupler of electric vehicles based on finite element method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(1):71-79.(in Chinese)
[15]甘明刚,陈杰,蔡涛,等.多层平板屏蔽体的多目标优化设计[J].兵工学报,2007,28(2):242-245.GAN Ming-gang,CHEN Jie,CAI Tao,et al. Multi-objective optimization design of the multilayered planar shield[J]. Acta Armamentarii,2007,28(2):242-245.(in Chinese)
[16]周建军,林春生,胡叶青,等.用于磁探测的铁磁屏蔽体的厚度设计[J].兵工学报,2012,33(12):1498-1503.ZHOU Jian-jun,LIN Chun-sheng,HU Ye-qing,et al. Thickness design of ferromagnetic shield for magnetic detection[J]. Acta Armamentarii,2012,33(12):1498-1503.(in Chinese)
[17]吕志峰,张金生,王仕成,等.基于自适应权重PSO算法的磁屏蔽装置优化设计[J].中国惯性技术学报,2017,25(6):799-803.LYU Zhi-feng,ZHANG Jin-sheng,WANG Shi-cheng,et al.Optimal design of magnetic shielding device based on adaptive weight PSO algorithm[J]. Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology,2017,25(6):799-803.(in Chinese)
[18]郭敬滨,孟佳旭,李醒飞,等.光泵磁力仪磁屏蔽筒的尺寸设计[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2018,32(2):80-85.GUO Jing-bin,MENG Jia-xu,LI Xing-fei,et al. Dimension design of magnetic shielding cylinder for optical pumped magnetometer[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation,2018,32(2):80-85.(in Chinese)
[19]李攀,刘元正,王继良.核磁共振陀螺多层磁屏蔽系统优化设计[J].中国惯性技术学报,2016,24(3):383-389.LI Pan,LIU Yuan-zheng,WANG Ji-liang. Optimization design of multilayer magnetic shield for nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes[J]. Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology, 2016,24(3):383-389.(in Chinese)
[20]刘慧娟,上官明珠,张颖超,等. Ansoft Maxwell 13电机电磁场实例分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2014:158-163.LIU Hui-juan,SHANGGUAN Ming-zhu,ZHANG Ying-chao,et al. Analysis of motor's electromagnetic field by Ansoft Maxwell13[M]. Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2014:158-163.(in Chinese)
[21]余胜威. MATLAB优化算法案例分析与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2014:156-157.YU Sheng-wei. Case analysis and application of MATLAB optimization algorithm[M]. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2014:156-157.(in Chinese)
[22]王小川,史峰,郁磊,等. MATLAB神经网络43个案例分析[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2013:59-66.WANG Xiao-chuan,SHI Feng,YU Lei,et al. 43 cases analysis of MATLAB neural network[M]. Beijing:Beihang University Press,2013:59-66.(in Chinese)