基于估测惯量计算的低频减载方法
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摘要
新能源发电接入系统的控制方式的不同会给系统的惯量带来不同的影响,研究了基于估测惯量系统功率缺额实时计算方法。首先分析了现有低频减载装置计算系统功率缺额算法的不足。针对这些不足,研究了电压偏移对系统有功缺额的影响,并给出了量化算法;根据扰动后负荷的响应信息,提出了实时辨识系统惯量的方法,由此得到基于估测惯量的系统功率缺额实时计算方法,进而得到最优的自适应切负荷方案。在IEEE 39节点系统下进行孤岛系统的仿真,验证了研究得出的电压偏移对系统有功缺额的影响,以及系统惯量的实时辨识、系统功率缺额实时计算的准确性和有效性。与传统的分轮次动作的低频减载方案相比,所提方案的负荷减载量以及动态频率偏移相对更小,频率恢复稳定能力更强。
Different control methods for new energy power generation access to systems will bring different influences to the inertia of system. The real-time calculation method to calculate power shortage based on estimated inertia is proposed. Firstly,the shortcomings of the existing under-frequency load shedding equipment for calculating power shortage are analyzed. In view of these shortcomings,the influence of voltage deviation on active power balance is studied,and the quantization algorithm is proposed. According to the response information of load after disturbance,a real-time method to recognize system inertia is proposed. Then,the real-time calculation method to calculate power shortage based on estimated inertia is proposed. The simulative results of islanding system in IEEE 39-bus system verify the influence of the voltage offset on the calculation of power shortage,and the veracity and validity of recognizing system inertia and calculating power shortage in real-time. Compared with the traditional round-by-round load shedding schemes,the proposed scheme has relatively small amount of load shedding and dynamic frequency offset and stronger ability of frequency recovery.
Different control methods for new energy power generation access to systems will bring different influences to the inertia of system. The real-time calculation method to calculate power shortage based on estimated inertia is proposed. Firstly,the shortcomings of the existing under-frequency load shedding equipment for calculating power shortage are analyzed. In view of these shortcomings,the influence of voltage deviation on active power balance is studied,and the quantization algorithm is proposed. According to the response information of load after disturbance,a real-time method to recognize system inertia is proposed. Then,the real-time calculation method to calculate power shortage based on estimated inertia is proposed. The simulative results of islanding system in IEEE 39-bus system verify the influence of the voltage offset on the calculation of power shortage,and the veracity and validity of recognizing system inertia and calculating power shortage in real-time. Compared with the traditional round-by-round load shedding schemes,the proposed scheme has relatively small amount of load shedding and dynamic frequency offset and stronger ability of frequency recovery.
引文
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[15]李顺,廖清芬,刘涤尘,等.计及电压稳定的自适应协调低频减载策略[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(12):157-163.LI Shun,LIAO Qingfen,LIU Dichen,et al.Adaptive coordinated low frequency load shedding strategy considering voltage stability[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(12):157-163.
[16]宋兆欧,刘俊勇,刘友波,等.计及动态修正的自适应广域低频减载[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(4):95-100,119.SONG Zhaoou,LIU Junyong,LIU Youbo,et al.WAMS-based adaptive UFLS considering dynamic correction[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(4):95-100,119.
[17]YANG Hao,ZHANG Baohui,MA Shiying,et al.A novel self-adaptive underfrequency load shedding method based on local measurements[C]∥2013 IEEE Region 10 Conference.Xi’an,China:IEEE,2013:1-4.
[18]李顺,廖清芬,唐飞,等.高风电渗透率下的自适应低频减载策略研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(4):1084-1090.LI Shun,LIAO Qingfen,TANG Fei,et al.Adaptive underfrequency load shedding strategy considering high wind power penetration[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(4):1084-1090.
[19]李常刚,刘玉田,邱夕兆.基于暂态频率偏移安全性的低频减载方案优化[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(4):51-56,61.LI Changgang,LIU Yutian,QIU Xizhao.Optimization of under-frequency load shedding schemes based on transient frequency deviation security[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(4):51-56,61.
[20]FU Yuan,WANG Yi,ZHANG Xiangyu.Integrated wind turbine controller with virtual inertia and primary frequency responses for grid dynamic frequency support[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2017,11(8):1129-1137.
[2]薛禹胜,雷兴,薛峰,等.关于风电不确定性对电力系统影响的评述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5029-5040.XUE Yusheng,LEI Xing,XUE Feng,et al.A review on impacts of wind power uncertainties on power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5029-5040.
[3]KAYIKCI M,MILANOVIC J V.Dynamic contribution of DFIG-based wind plants to system frequency disturbances[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2009,24(2):859-867.
[4]HOLDSWORTH L,EKANAYAKE J B,JENKINS N.Power system frequency response from fixed speed and doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbines[J].Wind Energy,2004,7(1):21-35.
[5]丁磊,尹善耀,王同晓,等.结合超速备用和模拟惯性的双馈风机频率控制策略[J].电网技术,2015,39(9):2385-2391.DING Lei,YIN Shanyao,WANG Tongxiao,et al.Integrated frequency control strategy of DFIGs based on virtual inertia and overspeed control[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(9):2385-2391.
[6]刘彬彬,杨健维,廖凯,等.基于转子动能控制的双馈风电机组频率控制改进方案[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(16):17-22.LIU Binbin,YANG Jianwei,LIAO Kai,et al.Improved frequency control strategy for DFIG-based wind turbines based on rotor kinetic energy control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(16):17-22.
[7]张祥宇,杨黎,朱晓荣,等.光储发电系统的虚拟转动惯量控制[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(9):109-115.ZHANG Xiangyu,YANG Li,ZHU Xiaorong,et al.Virtual rotational inertia control of PV generation system with energy storage devices[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(9):109-115.
[8]SIGRIST L,EGIDO I,ROUCO L.Principles of a centralized UFLSscheme for small isolated power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1779-1786.
[9]杨德友,蔡国伟.减载控制灵敏度及其在广域低频保护中的应用[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(3):124-128,135.YANG Deyou,CAI Guowei.Load shedding control sensitivity and its applications in wide-area low-frequency protection[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(3):124-128,135.
[10]张保会,王怀远,杨松浩.电力系统暂态稳定性闭环控制(五)---控制量的实时计算[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(12):1-5.ZHANG Baohui,WANG Huaiyuan,YANG Songhao.Closed-loop control of power system transient stability(5):calculation of control quantity[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(12):1-5.
[11]王怀远,张保会,杨松浩,等.基于相平面特性的切机切负荷紧急控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(15):4144-4151.WANG Huaiyuan,ZHANG Baohui,YANG Songhao,et al.Combined emergency control strategy of generator tripping and load shedding based on the characteristics of state plane[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(15):4144-4151.
[12]ANDERSON PM,MIRHEYDAR M.An adaptive method for setting underfrequency load shedding relays[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1992,7(2):647-653.
[13]李顺,廖清芬,刘涤尘,等.基于WAMS的自适应低频减载动态优化策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(13):48-54.LI Shun,LIAO Qingfen,LIU Dichen,et al.WAMS based dynamic optimization of adaptive under-frequency load shedding[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(13):48-54.
[14]李常刚,张恒旭,刘玉田,等.考虑机组低频保护的电力系统暂态频率稳定评估[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(2):271-278.LI Changgang,ZHANG Hengxu,LIU Yutian,et al.Power system transient frequency stability assessment considering unit underfrequency relay protection[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(2):271-278.
[15]李顺,廖清芬,刘涤尘,等.计及电压稳定的自适应协调低频减载策略[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(12):157-163.LI Shun,LIAO Qingfen,LIU Dichen,et al.Adaptive coordinated low frequency load shedding strategy considering voltage stability[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(12):157-163.
[16]宋兆欧,刘俊勇,刘友波,等.计及动态修正的自适应广域低频减载[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(4):95-100,119.SONG Zhaoou,LIU Junyong,LIU Youbo,et al.WAMS-based adaptive UFLS considering dynamic correction[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(4):95-100,119.
[17]YANG Hao,ZHANG Baohui,MA Shiying,et al.A novel self-adaptive underfrequency load shedding method based on local measurements[C]∥2013 IEEE Region 10 Conference.Xi’an,China:IEEE,2013:1-4.
[18]李顺,廖清芬,唐飞,等.高风电渗透率下的自适应低频减载策略研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(4):1084-1090.LI Shun,LIAO Qingfen,TANG Fei,et al.Adaptive underfrequency load shedding strategy considering high wind power penetration[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(4):1084-1090.
[19]李常刚,刘玉田,邱夕兆.基于暂态频率偏移安全性的低频减载方案优化[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(4):51-56,61.LI Changgang,LIU Yutian,QIU Xizhao.Optimization of under-frequency load shedding schemes based on transient frequency deviation security[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(4):51-56,61.
[20]FU Yuan,WANG Yi,ZHANG Xiangyu.Integrated wind turbine controller with virtual inertia and primary frequency responses for grid dynamic frequency support[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2017,11(8):1129-1137.