食用向日葵籽粒灌浆及产量对深松和密度的响应
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摘要
以食用向日葵(先瑞12)为材料,研究了不同深松、密度下的灌浆特性,并用Richard方程进行了拟合。结果表明:同一密度不同耕作方式下,产量随耕作方式及密度的增加而增加,在深松45 cm(S45)处理下的产量较深松30 cm(S30),浅旋(RT)平均分别提高6.3%,10.3%,S30较RT提高3.8%。在同一耕作方式下,D3密度的平均产量较D1,D2分别提高28.1%,17.0%,D2较D1提高9.4%。不同粒位向日葵的籽粒灌浆速率(GR_(mean))、起始生长势(R_0)、灌浆速率最大时的籽粒重(W_(max))、灌浆速率最大时的籽粒重占最终籽粒重的百分率(Ⅰ)、均表现为:外缘籽粒>中部籽粒>内部籽粒;不同耕作方式下表现为:S45时最大,S30次之,RT最低;不同密度下,R_0和GR_(mean)均随着密度的增加而减小。外缘籽粒达到最大灌浆速率的时间(T_(max))早于内部籽粒。深松加快了籽实的灌浆,缩短灌浆时间,外缘籽粒的I值高于内部籽粒和中部籽粒。深松增密后,提高了向日葵籽粒的GR_(mean)、R_0,促进向日葵籽实的灌浆。
The filling characteristics of confectionery sunflower(Xianrui 12)under different densities were studied and fitted by Richard equation.The results showed that under the same density and different tillage methods,the yield increased with the increase of density,and the yield under S45 treatment increased by 6.3%and 10.3%relative to the yields of S30 and RT,respectively,and the yield of S30 was 3.8%higher than RT.Under the same tillage pattern,the density of D3 increased by 28.1%and 17.0%compared with D1 and D2,respectively and D2 increased 9.4%compared with D1.Grain filling rates(GRmean)of sunflowers with different grain positions,the initial growth potential(R0),the time of maximum grain filling rate(Tmax)were outer edge grain>middle grain>inner grain.Under different tillage methods,S45 was the highest;S30 was the second and RT was the lowest.R0 and GRmean decreased with the increase of density at different densities.The time of maximum grain filling rate(Tmax)of outer grain was earlier than that of inner grain.Subsoiling accelerated grain filling and shortened grain-filling time.The I value of outer grain was higher than that of either inner grain or middle grain.Subsoiling improved GRmean and R0 of sunflower seeds and promoted the seed filling of sunflower.
The filling characteristics of confectionery sunflower(Xianrui 12)under different densities were studied and fitted by Richard equation.The results showed that under the same density and different tillage methods,the yield increased with the increase of density,and the yield under S45 treatment increased by 6.3%and 10.3%relative to the yields of S30 and RT,respectively,and the yield of S30 was 3.8%higher than RT.Under the same tillage pattern,the density of D3 increased by 28.1%and 17.0%compared with D1 and D2,respectively and D2 increased 9.4%compared with D1.Grain filling rates(GRmean)of sunflowers with different grain positions,the initial growth potential(R0),the time of maximum grain filling rate(Tmax)were outer edge grain>middle grain>inner grain.Under different tillage methods,S45 was the highest;S30 was the second and RT was the lowest.R0 and GRmean decreased with the increase of density at different densities.The time of maximum grain filling rate(Tmax)of outer grain was earlier than that of inner grain.Subsoiling accelerated grain filling and shortened grain-filling time.The I value of outer grain was higher than that of either inner grain or middle grain.Subsoiling improved GRmean and R0 of sunflower seeds and promoted the seed filling of sunflower.
引文
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[13]钱茂翔,李艾莲.行距配置和种植密度对薏苡光合生理、籽粒灌浆及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(13):97-102.
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[16]朱庆森,曹显祖,骆亦其,等.水稻籽粒灌浆的生长分析[J].作物学报,1988(14):182-193.
[2]袁金展,马霓,张春雷,等.移栽与直播对油菜根系建成及籽粒产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(2):189-197.
[3]魏珊珊,王祥宇,董树亭.株行距配置对高产夏玉米冠层结构及籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):441-450.
[4]SIMONETL FOLONI,JOSE SALVADOR,RODRIGO ARROYO.Grain development and phytomass production of sunflower as affected by boron fertiuzation[J].Bioscience Journal,2010,26:273-280.
[5]BABAEIAN MAHDI,TAVASSOLI ABOLFAZL,GHANBARI AHMAD.Effect of foliar micronutrient application on osmotic adjustment,grain yield and yield components in sunflower(Alstar cultival)under water stress at three stages[J].African Journal of agricultural research,2011,6:1204-1208.
[6]陈晨,董树亭,刘鹏,等.种植密度对玉米自交系产量及籽粒灌浆的影响[J].玉米科学,2012,20(6):107-112.
[7]刘维进.向日葵瘦果灌浆规律研究初报[J].中国油料,1984(4):60-63.
[8]冯鹏,申晓慧,郑海燕,等.种植密度对玉米籽粒灌浆及脱水特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(6):92-100.
[9]尹斌,高聚林,王志刚,等.高产春玉米灌浆期碳氮积累、转运及叶片衰老特性对耕作方式的响应[J].玉米科学,2014,22(2):98-103.
[10]王海燕,高聚林,王志刚,等.高密度对超高产春玉米花粒期叶片衰老与根系活力的影响[J].玉米科学,2012,20(2):75-81.
[11]胡树平,高聚林,吕佳雯,等.源库调节对向日葵产量及其构成的影响[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(8):52-58.
[12]徐云姬,顾道健,秦昊,等.玉米灌浆期果穗不同部位籽粒碳水化合物积累与淀粉合成相关酶活性变化[J].作物学报,2015,41(2):297-307.
[13]钱茂翔,李艾莲.行距配置和种植密度对薏苡光合生理、籽粒灌浆及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(13):97-102.
[14]LAURA ARMENGOT,ALFRED BERNER JOSE M,BLANCO-MORENO.Long-term feasibility of reduced tillage in organic farming.Agron[J].Sustain,2015,35:339-346.
[15]张君,张润生,段玉,等.油用向日葵钾素吸收、分配和积累规律研究[J].华北农学报,2010,25(5):202-205.
[16]朱庆森,曹显祖,骆亦其,等.水稻籽粒灌浆的生长分析[J].作物学报,1988(14):182-193.