深松对向日葵光合性能及产量的影响
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摘要
为探索油用向日葵产量、叶片光合特性及叶片衰老对深松的响应,2016-2017年,以油用向日葵T562为供试材料,测定了不同处理(深松45cm、深松30cm、浅旋15cm)不同生育时期向日葵叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、叶片SPAD值、产量构成和枯叶数。结果表明,深松处理的向日葵产量和P_n较浅旋有显著提高。开花后,随着生育进程推进,P_n呈先增加后下降的趋势,在现蕾-初花阶段达到最大值;P_n值表现为深松45cm>深松30cm>浅旋15cm;不同层面叶片SPAD值表现为深松处理高于浅旋;下部叶片自初花至终花期,SPAD值呈下降趋势,以浅旋15cm处理的降幅最大,深松45cm处理的降幅最小。深松处理可以延缓向日葵叶片衰老进程,深松措施能够调节产量构成因素,整体表现为:单盘粒重、结实率、千粒重和子仁率随深松深度的增加呈增加趋势,其中深松处理对单盘粒重影响最大,其次为千粒重和子仁率,最终提高了子实产量。
To explore the response of oil sunflower yield, leaf photosynthetic characteristics and leaf senescence to thesubsoiling, in 2016-2017, oil sunflower T562 was used as the test material, and different treatments(subsoiling 45 cm,subsoiling 30 cm, and shallow rotation 15 cm) were examined for the net photosynthetic rate(P_n) of sunflower leavesat different growth stages, leaf SPAD, yield composition, and number of dead leaves. The results showed that the yieldand P_n of subsoiling treatments sunflower were significantly superior than that of shallow rotation. After flowering,with the progress of fertility process, the P_n of leaves increased first and then decreased, reaching the maximum in thebud-initial flowering stage; the P_n value was expressed as subsoiling 45 cm>subsoiling 30 cm>shallow rotation 15 cm;The SPAD value of the leaf layer showed that the subsoiling treatment was higher than the shallow rotation; the lowerleaf from the initial flowering to the final flowering stage, the SPAD value showed a downward trend, and the decreasewas the largest with the shallow rotation of 15 cm, and the smallest with the subsoiling of 45 cm. The results showedthat subsoiling treatment could delay the senescence process of sunflower leaves, and the subsoiling measures couldadjust the yield components. The overall performance is as follows: grain weight per disk, seed setting rate, 1000-grainweight and seed kernel rate increase with the increase of subsoiling depth. Among them, subsoiling treatment had thegreatest impact on grain weight per disk, followed by 1000-grain weight and seed kernel rate, finally achieved the yieldincrease.
To explore the response of oil sunflower yield, leaf photosynthetic characteristics and leaf senescence to thesubsoiling, in 2016-2017, oil sunflower T562 was used as the test material, and different treatments(subsoiling 45 cm,subsoiling 30 cm, and shallow rotation 15 cm) were examined for the net photosynthetic rate(P_n) of sunflower leavesat different growth stages, leaf SPAD, yield composition, and number of dead leaves. The results showed that the yieldand P_n of subsoiling treatments sunflower were significantly superior than that of shallow rotation. After flowering,with the progress of fertility process, the P_n of leaves increased first and then decreased, reaching the maximum in thebud-initial flowering stage; the P_n value was expressed as subsoiling 45 cm>subsoiling 30 cm>shallow rotation 15 cm;The SPAD value of the leaf layer showed that the subsoiling treatment was higher than the shallow rotation; the lowerleaf from the initial flowering to the final flowering stage, the SPAD value showed a downward trend, and the decreasewas the largest with the shallow rotation of 15 cm, and the smallest with the subsoiling of 45 cm. The results showedthat subsoiling treatment could delay the senescence process of sunflower leaves, and the subsoiling measures couldadjust the yield components. The overall performance is as follows: grain weight per disk, seed setting rate, 1000-grainweight and seed kernel rate increase with the increase of subsoiling depth. Among them, subsoiling treatment had thegreatest impact on grain weight per disk, followed by 1000-grain weight and seed kernel rate, finally achieved the yieldincrease.
引文
[1]云文丽,侯琼,王海梅,等.河套灌区食用向日葵光合作用的光响应曲线分析.中国油料作物学报,2013,35(4):405-410.
[2]孙艳,王益权,杨梅,等.土壤紧实胁迫对黄瓜根系活力和叶片光合作用的影响.植物生理与分子生物学学报,2005,31(5):545-550.
[3] Hurley M B,Rowarth J S. Resistance to root growth and changes inthe concentration of ABA within the root and xylem sap during root-restriction stress. Journal of Experimental Botany,1999,335:799-804.
[4]邓智惠,刘新梁,李春阳,等.深松及秸秆还田对表层土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响.作物杂志,2015(6):117-120.
[5]孙玉莹,毕京翠,赵志超,等.作物叶片衰老研究进展.作物杂志,2013(4):11-19.
[6]张文超,王玉凤,张翼飞,等.耕作方式对松嫩平原半干旱区土壤养分含量和玉米产量的影响.作物杂志,2017(4):123-128.
[7]张凤杰,孙继颖,髙聚林,等.春玉米根系形态及土壤理化性质对深松深度的响应研究.玉米科学,2016,24(6):88-96.
[8]宫秀杰,钱春荣,于洋,等.深松免耕技术对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响.玉米科学,2009,17(5):134-137.
[9]谢军红,张仁陟,李玲玲,等.耕作方法对黄土高原旱作玉米产量和土壤水温特性的影响.中国生态农业学报,2015,23(11):1384-1393.
[10]Sun M,Gao Z Q,Ren A,et al. Contribution of subsoiling in fallowperiod and nitrogen fertilizer to the soil-water balance and grainyield of dry-land wheat. International Journal of Agriculture andBiology,2015,17(1):175-180.
[11]孙敏,温斐斐,高志强,等.不同降水年型旱地小麦休闲期耕作的蓄水增产效应.作物学报,2014,40(8):1459-1469.
[12]Qin H L,Gao W S,Ma Y C,et al. Effects of subsoiling on soilmoisture under no-tillage for two years. Agricultural Sciences inChina,2008,7(1):88-95.
[13]孙贵臣,冯瑞云,陈凌,等.深松免耕种植对土壤环境及玉米产量的影响.作物杂志,2014(4):137-140.
[14]战秀梅,李秀龙,韩晓日,等.深耕及秸秆还田对春玉米产量、花后碳氮积累及根系特征的影响.沈阳农业大学学报,2012,43(4):461-466.
[15]李金凤.深松方式对玉米光合作用的影响.农业科技与装备,2017(4):32-34.
[16]裴宽,于晓芳,高聚林,等.中美德系玉米品种的耐密性对深松耕作措施的响应分析.玉米科学,2017,25(4):97-104.
[2]孙艳,王益权,杨梅,等.土壤紧实胁迫对黄瓜根系活力和叶片光合作用的影响.植物生理与分子生物学学报,2005,31(5):545-550.
[3] Hurley M B,Rowarth J S. Resistance to root growth and changes inthe concentration of ABA within the root and xylem sap during root-restriction stress. Journal of Experimental Botany,1999,335:799-804.
[4]邓智惠,刘新梁,李春阳,等.深松及秸秆还田对表层土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响.作物杂志,2015(6):117-120.
[5]孙玉莹,毕京翠,赵志超,等.作物叶片衰老研究进展.作物杂志,2013(4):11-19.
[6]张文超,王玉凤,张翼飞,等.耕作方式对松嫩平原半干旱区土壤养分含量和玉米产量的影响.作物杂志,2017(4):123-128.
[7]张凤杰,孙继颖,髙聚林,等.春玉米根系形态及土壤理化性质对深松深度的响应研究.玉米科学,2016,24(6):88-96.
[8]宫秀杰,钱春荣,于洋,等.深松免耕技术对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响.玉米科学,2009,17(5):134-137.
[9]谢军红,张仁陟,李玲玲,等.耕作方法对黄土高原旱作玉米产量和土壤水温特性的影响.中国生态农业学报,2015,23(11):1384-1393.
[10]Sun M,Gao Z Q,Ren A,et al. Contribution of subsoiling in fallowperiod and nitrogen fertilizer to the soil-water balance and grainyield of dry-land wheat. International Journal of Agriculture andBiology,2015,17(1):175-180.
[11]孙敏,温斐斐,高志强,等.不同降水年型旱地小麦休闲期耕作的蓄水增产效应.作物学报,2014,40(8):1459-1469.
[12]Qin H L,Gao W S,Ma Y C,et al. Effects of subsoiling on soilmoisture under no-tillage for two years. Agricultural Sciences inChina,2008,7(1):88-95.
[13]孙贵臣,冯瑞云,陈凌,等.深松免耕种植对土壤环境及玉米产量的影响.作物杂志,2014(4):137-140.
[14]战秀梅,李秀龙,韩晓日,等.深耕及秸秆还田对春玉米产量、花后碳氮积累及根系特征的影响.沈阳农业大学学报,2012,43(4):461-466.
[15]李金凤.深松方式对玉米光合作用的影响.农业科技与装备,2017(4):32-34.
[16]裴宽,于晓芳,高聚林,等.中美德系玉米品种的耐密性对深松耕作措施的响应分析.玉米科学,2017,25(4):97-104.