基于外部形态特征的红火蚁野外快速识别方法研究
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摘要
红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是一种严重威胁公共设施、人类安全、农林生产和生物多样性的重大入侵害虫。自2004年在我国大陆广东省首次发现以来,其发生范围急剧扩大,目前已扩散至南方11个省(市),而在2016年底红火蚁已突破封锁防线侵入浙江省。本文通过对浙江省仙居县23个乡镇(街道)中的草皮、苗圃、废品站、塑料加工厂等高风险传播红火蚁的生境进行火腿肠诱饵诱集调查,共获得10种蚂蚁,且隶属于4亚科7属,并以其身体颜色、体长、头形及与身体的协调性、腹柄结共4个指标特征分别与红火蚁进行比对、分析,建立一种直观易懂的野外快速识别红火蚁的方法,以期提高判定红火蚁的准确性及疫情普查效率。
The red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta Buren,is a major invasive pest that seriously threatens plants,animals,and humans. Since its first appearance in Guangdong Province of mainland China in 2004,it has spread rapidly to the southern 11 Provinces,and had invaded Zhejiang Province at the end of 2016. In this study,sods,nurseries,scrap stations,and plastic fabricators came from 23 townships(Xianju,Taizhou city,Zhejiang Province,China) were investigated with bait(sausage)attractive techniques. We collected 10 species of ants,belonging to 4 subfamilies,including 7 genera,and compared the body color,length,head shape and its coordination with the body,and nodes of ants.Last,a method for rapid identification of red imported fire ants was explored. The method can improve the efficiency of the monitoring of red imported fire ant.
The red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta Buren,is a major invasive pest that seriously threatens plants,animals,and humans. Since its first appearance in Guangdong Province of mainland China in 2004,it has spread rapidly to the southern 11 Provinces,and had invaded Zhejiang Province at the end of 2016. In this study,sods,nurseries,scrap stations,and plastic fabricators came from 23 townships(Xianju,Taizhou city,Zhejiang Province,China) were investigated with bait(sausage)attractive techniques. We collected 10 species of ants,belonging to 4 subfamilies,including 7 genera,and compared the body color,length,head shape and its coordination with the body,and nodes of ants.Last,a method for rapid identification of red imported fire ants was explored. The method can improve the efficiency of the monitoring of red imported fire ant.
引文
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Zhou SY.Guangxi Ants[M].Guilin:Guangxi Normal University Press,2001:1-225.[周善义.广西蚂蚁[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2001:1-225]
Ascunce MS,Yang CC,Oakey J,et al.Global invasion history of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta[J].Science,2011,331(6020):1066-1068.
Chen C,Gong WR,Hu BS,et al.Potential establishment areas of Solenopsis invicta in China:A prediction based on GIS[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,11:2093-2097.[陈晨,龚伟荣,胡白石,等.基于地理信息系统的红火蚁在中国适生区的预测[J].应用生态学报,2006,11:2093-2097]
Chen L.Research on the Potential Geographic Distribution of Solenopsisinvicta in China[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2007:53-71.[陈林.红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta)在我国的潜在分布研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院博士论文,2007:53-71]
Lu LH,He YY,Liu J,et al.Invasion of red imported fire ant(Hymenoptera:Formicidae):Spread,biology,and impact[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2006,5:3-11.[吕利华,何余容,刘杰,等.红火蚁的入侵、扩散、生物学及其危害[J].广东农业科学,2006,5:3-11]
Huang J,Lu YY,Xu YJ,et al.Relationships between mound size and captured ergate amount of Solenopsis invicta[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,8:1992-1997.[黄俊,陆永跃,许益镌,等.红火蚁蚁丘大小与诱集工蚁数量的关系[J].应用生态学报,2009,8:1992-1997]
Huang J,Lu YB.The invading risk analysis and control countermeasure of red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)invaded Hangzhou,China[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2017,29(4):676-682.[黄俊,吕要斌.重大外来有害生物红火蚁入侵杭州的风险分析及防控对策[J].浙江农业学报,2017 29(4):676-682]
Vinson SB.Impact of the invasion of the imported fire ant[J].Insect Science,2013,20:439-455.
Wei C,Zhou SY,He H,et al.A taxonomic study of the genus myrmica latreille from China(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,2001,4:560-564.[魏琮,周善义,贺虹,等.中国红蚁属分类研究(膜翅目:蚁科)[J].动物分类学报,2001,4:560-564]
Wu J,Wang CL.Chinese Ants[M].Chinese Forestry Press,1995:1-214.[吴坚,王常禄.中国蚂蚁[M].中国林业出版社,1995:1-214]
Xu ZH.The Chinese species of the ant Pachycondyla Smith(Hymenoptera:Formicidae:Ponerinaae)[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry College,1998,18(4):209-220.[徐正会.中国厚结猛蚁属记述(膜翅目:蚁科:猛蚁亚科)[J].西南林学院学报,1998,18(4):209-220]
Zeng L,Lu YY,He XF,et al.Identification of red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta to invade mainland China and infestation in Wuchuan,Guangdong[J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,2005,42(2):144-148.[曾玲,陆永跃,何晓芳,等.入侵中国大陆的红火蚁的鉴定及发生为害调查[J].昆虫知识,2005a,42(2):144-148]
Zeng L,Lu YY,Chen ZN.Monitoring and Prevention of Red Imported Fire Ant[M].Guangdong Science and Technology Press,2005b:7-8.[曾玲,陆永跃,陈忠南.红火蚁监测与防治[M].广东科技出版社,2005b:7-8]
Zhou SY.Guangxi Ants[M].Guilin:Guangxi Normal University Press,2001:1-225.[周善义.广西蚂蚁[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2001:1-225]