深部流体及有机-无机相互作用下油气形成的基本内涵
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摘要
含油气盆地作为地球系统中相对稳定的克拉通块体,从早期烃源岩发育环境、油气形成、储层溶蚀改造到油气聚集或者破坏都受到地球系统演化的影响.深部流体作为联系盆地内、外因素的纽带,以有机-无机相互作用的方式贯穿了油气形成和聚集的全过程.深部流体携带的营养物质促进了成烃生物的勃发和碳氢源的额外补充,有利于优质烃源岩的发育和提高烃源岩生烃潜力,其携带的能量促进了烃源岩早熟和高成熟烃源活化加氢生烃.深部富CO_2流体对碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩储层的溶蚀改造,改善了深层储集体空间,使得油气储集空间向更深延伸.深部超临界CO_2对深层滞留原油的萃取和泥页岩中CH_4的驱替,提高了深层和致密储层中烃类流动性.同时,深部流体携带的物质(C、H、催化物质)和能量不仅能够促使费托合成无机CH_4,促使有机质热演化生烃形成"热液石油",而且也能使得有机来源的原油发生热蚀变.因此,从地球层圈相互作用的视角看,深部流体不仅对沉积盆地输入了大量的外源C和H,改善了油气赋存空间,而且也提高了油气富集聚集效率.
引文
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