断裂错动与水作用下的地层位移及应力变化
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摘要
[目的]在断裂活动和地下水位变化条件下,对地裂缝上下盘地层的沉降位移与应力变化进行分析,为深入研究地裂缝的形成机理提供参考。[方法]以北京市高丽营地区地裂缝为研究背景原型,基于其活动特征,分析了该地裂缝的发育与断裂构造及地下水水位变化之间的关系,并运用数值模拟方法分别研究了两种诱因作用下模型地层的沉降位移及土体内部应力的变化规律。[结果]断裂错动作用下,地裂缝上盘土层的沉降变形响应程度大于下盘,地表竖向位移变化曲线近似呈反"S"形态,且上盘应力降低区的范围大于下盘应力增强区的范围;地层沉降量随地下水位的下降而不断增加,其土体应力变化曲线呈"中心对称"。[结论]断裂两侧附近的土体沉降位移和应力变化的差异较明显,且差异沉降与水位降深呈正相关,地下水位下降易诱发地裂缝的影响范围是上盘45m和下盘35m,研究成果可为地裂缝灾害地区的防灾减灾提供科学的理论依据。
[Objective]To analyze the change of stratum displacement and stress induced by fault dislocation and groundwater level change in the hanging wall and the foot wall of ground fissure in order to provide references for the further research in the formation mechanism of ground fissures.[Methods]Taking Gaoliying ground fissure in Beijing City as research background prototype,the relationship between the formation of ground fissure and fault tectonic activity,and the change of groundwater level were analyzed,based on the activity characteristics of the ground fissure.The change law of modeled stratum displacement and soil internal stress induced by these two inducing factors was studied using numerical simulation.[Results]Due to the fault dislocation,the settlement deformation on the hanging wall was greater than the foot wall,the curve of vertical displacement of surface showed an opposite"S"shape,and the range of the stress reduction zone of the hanging wall was larger than the range of the stress enhancement zone on the foot wall.Stratum settlement amount increased with the decline of groundwater level,and the stress curve was approximately"centrosymmetric".[Conclusion]The differences in settlement displacement and stress changes between the two sides of the fault were significant.The differential settlement was positively correlated to the descent of groundwater level,and the influence range of ground fissure induced by descent of groundwater level was 45 m on the hanging wall while 35 m on the foot wall.The research results can provide scientific theoretical basis for disaster prevention and mitigation in the ground fissure areas.
[Objective]To analyze the change of stratum displacement and stress induced by fault dislocation and groundwater level change in the hanging wall and the foot wall of ground fissure in order to provide references for the further research in the formation mechanism of ground fissures.[Methods]Taking Gaoliying ground fissure in Beijing City as research background prototype,the relationship between the formation of ground fissure and fault tectonic activity,and the change of groundwater level were analyzed,based on the activity characteristics of the ground fissure.The change law of modeled stratum displacement and soil internal stress induced by these two inducing factors was studied using numerical simulation.[Results]Due to the fault dislocation,the settlement deformation on the hanging wall was greater than the foot wall,the curve of vertical displacement of surface showed an opposite"S"shape,and the range of the stress reduction zone of the hanging wall was larger than the range of the stress enhancement zone on the foot wall.Stratum settlement amount increased with the decline of groundwater level,and the stress curve was approximately"centrosymmetric".[Conclusion]The differences in settlement displacement and stress changes between the two sides of the fault were significant.The differential settlement was positively correlated to the descent of groundwater level,and the influence range of ground fissure induced by descent of groundwater level was 45 m on the hanging wall while 35 m on the foot wall.The research results can provide scientific theoretical basis for disaster prevention and mitigation in the ground fissure areas.
引文
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[17]卢全中,彭建兵,邓亚虹,等.北京北七家—高丽营地裂缝破坏特征及影响带宽度[J].工程勘察,2014,42(6):5-11.
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[19]李宁,李明,赵法锁,等.基于FLAC2D的西安地面沉降数值模拟分析[J].灾害学,2013,28(3):210-214.
[20]陈育民,徐鼎平.FLAC/FLAC3 D基础与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.
[21]戴文彬.抽水地面沉降对地铁隧道变形的影响研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.
[22]范文东.断裂活动与地下水作用下地裂缝成因机制研究[D].西安:长安大学,2017.
[2]刘长礼,王秀艳,侯宏冰,等.我国城市地质灾害及其风险防控对策[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报岩,2013,24(S):313-316.
[3]Leonard R J.An earth fissure in southern Arizona[J].Journal of Geology,1929,37(8):765-774.
[4]Lofgren B E.Hydraulic stresses cause ground movement and fissures,Picacho,Arizona[J].Geological Society American Abstracts Programs,1978,10(3):pp113.
[5]Schumann H H,Poland J F.Earth fissures,and ground-water withdrawal in south-central Arizona,USA[C]∥Land Subsidence.Tokyo:Intentional Assoeiation of Seientifie Hydrology Publieationl,1970:295-302.
[6]Holzer T L.Ground failure induced by groundwater withdrawal from unconsolidated sediment[C]∥Geological Society of America.Man-induced land subsidence:Reviews in engineering geology,Colorado,1984:67-105.
[7]贾三满,郭萌.从高丽营探槽分析黄庄—高丽营断裂与地裂缝的关系[J].城市地质,2007,2(4):24-28.
[8]彭建兵,卢全中,邓亚虹,等.国网智能电网研究院工程场地地裂缝勘察评价报告[R].西安:长安大学工程设计研究院,2010.
[9]王海刚,刘明坤,贾三满,等.基于FLAC 3D的北京高丽营地裂缝模拟[J].南水北调与水利科技,2013,11(5):86-90.
[10]王海刚,杨艳,刘明坤,等.基于自动化监测的北京高丽营地裂缝活动性分析[J].上海国土资源,2013,34(2):64-67.
[11]马超.北京高丽营地裂缝成因研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.
[12]刘明坤,贾三满,陈柘舟,等.北京平原区高丽营地裂缝带活动性及灾害特征研究[J].上海国土资源,2014,35(4):53-57.
[13]姜媛,王荣,田芳,等.北京地区地面沉降与地裂缝关系研究[J].研究探讨,2014,9(4):6-10.
[14]焦青,邱泽华,范国胜.北京地区八宝山—黄庄—高丽营断裂的活动与地震[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(4):50-54.
[15]武强,陈佩佩,张宇,等.我国城市地裂缝灾害问题与对策[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2002,13(2):70-72.
[16]冯利斌.北京未来科技城地裂缝成因机理及其防治对策研究[D].西安:长安大学,2011.
[17]卢全中,彭建兵,邓亚虹,等.北京北七家—高丽营地裂缝破坏特征及影响带宽度[J].工程勘察,2014,42(6):5-11.
[18]蒋臻蔚.水作用下地裂缝成因机制及数值模拟[D].西安:长安大学,2011.
[19]李宁,李明,赵法锁,等.基于FLAC2D的西安地面沉降数值模拟分析[J].灾害学,2013,28(3):210-214.
[20]陈育民,徐鼎平.FLAC/FLAC3 D基础与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.
[21]戴文彬.抽水地面沉降对地铁隧道变形的影响研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.
[22]范文东.断裂活动与地下水作用下地裂缝成因机制研究[D].西安:长安大学,2017.