5种秸秆生物炭吸附亚甲基蓝及其性能对比研究
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摘要
[目的]亚甲基蓝广泛用于化学指示剂、染料、生物染色剂和药物等领域并在印染工业生产过程中会产生大量有机染料废水并带来巨大的环境风险,为此探讨秸秆生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能。[方法]用限氧控温法在500℃下制备5种秸秆(水稻秸秆、玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆、花生秸秆、芦苇秸秆)生物炭,用电镜显微镜扫描、傅里叶红外变换光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射对5种秸秆生物炭微观结构、官能团、元素进行表征,并用5种秸秆生物炭对亚甲基蓝溶液进行吸附性试验,对比和分析5种秸秆生物炭吸附亚甲基蓝的性能。[结果]水稻秸秆、小麦秸秆和芦苇秸秆具有圆孔型微孔结构;玉米秸秆和花生秸秆具有平行壁型微孔结构。5种秸秆生物炭的FTIR图谱均含有极性基团和芳香性结构。它们X射线衍射图谱的主峰值均出现在(2θ)介于20.8°～28.1°。pH以及投入量的增加会提高秸秆生物炭吸附能力。吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型。小麦秸秆生物炭对亚甲基蓝吸附能力最大,最大理论吸附量为27.82 mg·g~(-1);水稻秸秆生物炭和芦苇秸秆生物炭的最大理论吸附量分别为27.28和22.72 mg·g~(-1);而花生秸秆和玉米秸秆生物炭对亚甲基蓝吸附能力较差。[结论]在5种秸秆生物炭中,小麦秸秆具有良好的表面特征和吸附亚甲基蓝能力,为有机污染吸附的优选材料。
[Objectives]Methylene blue is widely used in chemical indicators,dyes,biological dyes and pharmaceuticals. It will produce a large number of organic dye wastewater in the process of printing and dyeing industry and bring huge environmental risks.[Methods]Five kinds of biochar( rice straw,corn straw,wheat straw,peanut straw and reed straw) were prepared at 500 ℃ by the method of oxygen limiting and temperature control. The microstructure,functional group and element of biochar were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FTIR) and X-ray diffraction( XRD). The adsorption experiments of methylene blue solution by five kinds of straw biochar were carried out,and the properties of five kinds of straw biochar adsorbed methylene blue solution were compared and analyzed. [Results]Rice straw,wheat straw and reed straw had round hole microporous structure,and corn straw and peanut straw had parallel wall microporous structure. The FTIR spectra of five kinds of straw biochar contained polar groups and aromatic structures. The main peak of the XRD patterns was found to be 2θ was between20.8° and 28. 1°,indicating it was an amorphous structure. pH and the increase of straw biochar input enhanced the adsorption capacity. The adsorption kinetics conformed to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model,and the adsorption isotherm accorded with the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue by wheat straw biochar was the highest,which was 27.82 mg·g~(-1). The maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of rice straw and reed straw biochar were 27.28 mg·g~(-1) and 22.72 mg·g~(-1),respectively. The adsorption capacity of peanut straw and corn straw biochar to methylene blue was poor. [Conclusions]Among the five kinds of straw biochar,the wheat straw had good surface characteristics and the ability to adsorb methylene blue. It is the preferred material for the adsorption organic contaminants.
[Objectives]Methylene blue is widely used in chemical indicators,dyes,biological dyes and pharmaceuticals. It will produce a large number of organic dye wastewater in the process of printing and dyeing industry and bring huge environmental risks.[Methods]Five kinds of biochar( rice straw,corn straw,wheat straw,peanut straw and reed straw) were prepared at 500 ℃ by the method of oxygen limiting and temperature control. The microstructure,functional group and element of biochar were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FTIR) and X-ray diffraction( XRD). The adsorption experiments of methylene blue solution by five kinds of straw biochar were carried out,and the properties of five kinds of straw biochar adsorbed methylene blue solution were compared and analyzed. [Results]Rice straw,wheat straw and reed straw had round hole microporous structure,and corn straw and peanut straw had parallel wall microporous structure. The FTIR spectra of five kinds of straw biochar contained polar groups and aromatic structures. The main peak of the XRD patterns was found to be 2θ was between20.8° and 28. 1°,indicating it was an amorphous structure. pH and the increase of straw biochar input enhanced the adsorption capacity. The adsorption kinetics conformed to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model,and the adsorption isotherm accorded with the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue by wheat straw biochar was the highest,which was 27.82 mg·g~(-1). The maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of rice straw and reed straw biochar were 27.28 mg·g~(-1) and 22.72 mg·g~(-1),respectively. The adsorption capacity of peanut straw and corn straw biochar to methylene blue was poor. [Conclusions]Among the five kinds of straw biochar,the wheat straw had good surface characteristics and the ability to adsorb methylene blue. It is the preferred material for the adsorption organic contaminants.
引文
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[19] Keiluweit M,Nico P S,Johnson M G,et al. Dynamic molecular structure of plant biomass-derived black carbon(biochar)[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(4):1247-1253.
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[21]孟梁,侯静文,郭琳,等.芦苇生物炭制备及其对Cu2+的吸附动力学[J].实验室研究与探索,2015,34(1):5-8,17.Meng L,Hou J W,Guo L,et al. Preparation of reed derived-biochar and its adsorption kinetic of Cu2+[J]. Laboratory Research and Exploration,2015,34(1):5-8,17(in Chinese).
[2] Yang Y N,Sheng G Y. Enhanced pesticide sorption by soils containing particulate matter from crop residue burns[J]. Environmental Science and Technology,2003,37(16):3635-3639.
[3]简敏菲,高凯芳,余厚平.不同裂解温度对水稻秸秆制备生物炭及其特性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1757-1765.Jian M F,Gao K F,Yu H P. Effects of different pyrolysis temperatures on the preparation and characteristics of bio-char from rice straw[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(5):1757-1765(in Chinese).
[4]慈金娜,陈光.三种改性玉米秸秆对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2016,38(5):571-578,586.Ci J N,Chen G. Adsorption performance of methylene blue by three kinds of modified corn straw[J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2016,38(5):571-578,586(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]黄毓颖,李坤权,姚文,等.碳酸氢钾活化制备水稻秸秆炭孔结构的影响因素及吸附性能[J].环境化学,2018,37(3):569-575.Huang Y Y,Li K Q,Yao W,et al. Investigation on the influencing factors of pore structure on rice straw activated carbon with KHCO3and its adsorption ability[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2018,37(3):569-575(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6] Batzias F,Sidiras D,Schroeder E,et al. Simulation of dye adsorption on hydrolyzed wheat straw in batch and fixed-bed systems[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2009,148(2/3):459-472.
[7] Hammes K,Smernik R J,Skjemstad J O,et al. Characterisation and evaluation of reference materials for black carbon analysis using elemental composition,colour,BET surface area and 13C NMR spectroscopy[J]. Applied Geochemistry,2008,23(8):2113-2122.
[8] Chen B L,Chen Z M. Sorption of naphthalene and 1-naphthol by biochars of orange peels with different pyrolytic temperatures[J].Chemosphere,2009,76(1):127-133.
[9]陆海楠,胡学玉,刘红伟.不同裂解条件对生物炭稳定性的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(8):11-14.Lu H N,Hu X Y,Liu H W. Influence of pyrolysis conditions on stability of biochar[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2013,36(8):11-14(in Chinese).
[10]张明月,李锋民,卢伦,等.芦苇生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(12):96-103.Zhang M Y,Li F M,Lu L,et al. The adsorption research of biochars prepared from common reed on methylene blue[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China,2016,46(12):96-103(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]季雪琴,吕黎,陈芬,等.秸秆生物炭对有机染料的吸附作用及机制[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1648-1654.Ji X Q,LüL,Chen F,et al. Sorption properties and mechanisms of organic dyes by straw biochar[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(5):1648-1654(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]朱灵峰,何怡雪,耿悦,等.还原剂改性生物炭吸附亚甲基蓝的动力学[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(9):232-234.Zhu L F,He Y X,Geng Y,et al. Kinetics of adsorption of methylene blue by biochar modified by reductant[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(9):232-234(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]马方.预处理方式对花生秸秆成型性能影响的试验研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.Ma F. Mechanisim and test research on peanut straw stalk feed molding[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2017(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]杨选民,王雅君,邱凌,等.温度对生物质三组分热解制备生物炭理化特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(4):284-290.Yang X M,Wang Y J,Qiu L,et al. Effect of temperature on physicochemical properties of biochar prepared by pyrolysis of three components of biomass[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(4):284-290(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]刘丁宁,何春霞,常萧楠,等. PVC/秸秆类纤维复合材料性能[J].工程塑料应用,2016,44(10):6-11.Liu D N,He C X,Chang X N,et al. Properties of PVC/Straw fibers composite[J]. Engineering Plastics Application,2016,44(10):6-11(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]韦思业.不同生物质原料和制备温度对生物炭物理化学特征的影响[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2017.Wei S Y. Influence of biomass feedstocks and pyrolysis temperatures on physical and chemical properties of biochar[D]. Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]徐仁扣,赵安珍,肖双成,等.农作物残体制备的生物质炭对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附作用[J].环境科学,2012,33(1):142-146.Xu R K,Zhao A Z,Xiao S C,et al. Adsorption of methylene blue from water by the biochars generated from crop residues[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2012,33(1):142-146(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]杨勇辉,孙红娟,彭同江.石墨烯的氧化还原法制备及结构表征[J].无机化学学报,2010,26(11):2083-2090.Yang Y H,Sun H J,Peng T J. Synthesis and structural characterization of graphene by oxidation reduction[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry,2010,26(11):2083-2090(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19] Keiluweit M,Nico P S,Johnson M G,et al. Dynamic molecular structure of plant biomass-derived black carbon(biochar)[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(4):1247-1253.
[20]林肖庆,吕豪豪,刘玉学,等.生物质原料及炭化温度对生物炭产率与性质的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(7):1216-1223.Lin X Q,LüH H,Liu Y X,et al. Effects of biomass and carbonization temperature on biochar yield and characteristics[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2016,28(7):1216-1223(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]孟梁,侯静文,郭琳,等.芦苇生物炭制备及其对Cu2+的吸附动力学[J].实验室研究与探索,2015,34(1):5-8,17.Meng L,Hou J W,Guo L,et al. Preparation of reed derived-biochar and its adsorption kinetic of Cu2+[J]. Laboratory Research and Exploration,2015,34(1):5-8,17(in Chinese).