摘要
于2016年8月—2017年4月采集了武汉市PM2.5样品,使用离子色谱法分析了PM2.5中的水溶性离子(F-、Cl-、SO2-4、NO-3、Na+、NH+4、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+),并研究其污染特征及来源.结果表明,武汉市PM2.5质量浓度变化范围为24.8~215.7μg·m-3,均值为(81.3±38.1)μg·m-3.9种水溶性离子的年均质量浓度占PM2.5质量浓度的29.3%,其中,SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4(三者合称SNA)为主要的水溶性离子,SNA占PM2.5质量浓度的23.3%~32.0%.硫氧化率(SOR)和氮氧化率(NOR)年均值分别为0.4、0.1,说明武汉市大气存在较强的SO2向SO2-4、NO2向NO-3转化的二次过程.观测期间,武汉市的细颗粒物整体呈弱碱性.Ca2+与Mg2+,以及NH+4与NO-3、SO2-4等均有显著相关性,NH+4、NO-3、SO2-4主要以(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3的形式存在.武汉市全年NO-3/SO2-4比值为0.9,表明固定源贡献相对较大.主成分分析结果表明,武汉市大气PM2.5中水溶性离子主要来自于燃煤及机动车排放、工业生产、扬尘等.
Daily samples of atmospheric PM2.5 were collected from August 2016 to April 2017 in Wuhan,China. The characteristics and sources of the main water-soluble ions( F-,Cl-,SO2-4,NO-3,Na+,NH+4,K+,Mg2+,and Ca2+) in PM2.5 were analyzed by using ion chromatography. The results showed that the mass concentration of PM2.5 ranged from 24.8 to 215.7 μg·m-3 with mean value of( 81.3±38.1) μg·m-3. On average,the total ions accounted for 29.3% of PM2.5 mass. SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4( SNA) was the dominant components of the water-soluble ions in PM2.5,SNA accounted for 23.3% ~32.0% of PM2.5 mass. The mean values of SOR and NOR were 0.4 and 0.1,respectively,indicating that there was a strong secondary process of SO2 to SO2-4 and NO2 to NO-3. PM2.5 samples were alkaline in Wuhan City. The correlation between Ca2+and Mg2+,NH+4 and SO2-4,NH+4 and NO-3 were significant. NH+4,SO2-4 and NO-3 were probably existed in the form of( NH4)2 SO4 and NH4 NO3. In addition,the average ratio of NO-3/SO2-4 is 0.9 in PM2.5,indicating that the stationary source were relatively important as compared to mobile sources. The result of PCA indicated that coal combustion,vehicle emission,industrial production and dust were major contributors to the water-soluble ions of PM2.5 in Wuhan.
引文
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