AA2024-H18铝合金同步冷却热成形后的强化机制
|
摘要
为了研究同步冷却热成形工艺对可热处理铝合金的显微组织演变规律以及强化机制的影响,选用H18态AA2024铝合金板料进行同步冷却热成形及自然时效试验,并进行力学性能测试、光学显微组织观察及TEM分析。结果表明:同步冷却热成形工艺对AA2024铝合金的显微组织影响明显;H18态AA2024铝合金板料经过同步冷却热成形及96 h自然时效后,试样变形区的位错密度增加,并出现细针状的Al_2CuMg(S′)相,使得变形区的屈服强度及抗拉强度分别较冷冲压工艺试样提高4%、12%;此时,AA2024铝合金的强化机制主要是弥散相Al_(20)Cu_2Mn_3(T相)和沉淀相Al_2Cu Mg(S′相)对位错的钉扎作用,以及位错间的相互作用。
Hot forming test with synchronous cooling, metallographic and TEM observation and tensile test were performed to investigate the influence of hot forming with synchronous cooling operations on the microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanism of AA2024-H18 aluminum alloy. The results show that, the yield strength of hot formed AA2024 sheet with 96 h natural aging is 4%, which is superior to that of traditionally formed sheet, and meanwhile, the tensile strength is increased by 12%. Based on the microstructure observation and analysis, the strengthening is generated by the increase of the dislocation density and precipitation of some fine acicular particles in form of A_l2Cu Mg(S′). The main strengthening mechanism of AA2024 aluminum alloy underwent hot forming with synchronous cooling is the pinning effect of dispersoid phase Al_(20)Cu_2Mn_3(T) and precipitated phase Al_2 CuMg(S′) on dislocation as well as the interaction of dislocation.
Hot forming test with synchronous cooling, metallographic and TEM observation and tensile test were performed to investigate the influence of hot forming with synchronous cooling operations on the microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanism of AA2024-H18 aluminum alloy. The results show that, the yield strength of hot formed AA2024 sheet with 96 h natural aging is 4%, which is superior to that of traditionally formed sheet, and meanwhile, the tensile strength is increased by 12%. Based on the microstructure observation and analysis, the strengthening is generated by the increase of the dislocation density and precipitation of some fine acicular particles in form of A_l2Cu Mg(S′). The main strengthening mechanism of AA2024 aluminum alloy underwent hot forming with synchronous cooling is the pinning effect of dispersoid phase Al_(20)Cu_2Mn_3(T) and precipitated phase Al_2 CuMg(S′) on dislocation as well as the interaction of dislocation.
引文
[1]HIRSCH J.Recent development in aluminium for automotive applications[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(7):1995-2002.
[2]曹景竹,王祝堂.铝合金在航空航天器中的应用(2)[J].轻合金加工技术,2013,41(3):1-12.CAO Jing-zhu,WANG Zhu-tang.Application of aluminum alloy in aeronautics and aerospace vehicle(2)[J].Light Alloy Fabrication Technology,2013,41(3):1-12.
[3]刘兵,彭超群,王日初,王小锋,李婷婷.大飞机用铝合金的研究现状及展望[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(9):1705-1715.LIU Bing,PENG Chao-qun,WANG Ri-chu,WANG Xiao-feng,LI Ting-ting.Recent development and prospects for giant plane aluminum alloys[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(9):1705-1715.
[4]STARKE E A,STALEY J T.Application of modern aluminum alloys to aircraft[J].Progress in Aerospace Sciences,1996,32(2):131-172.
[5]潘复生,张丁非.铝合金及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.PAN Fu-sheng,ZHANG Ding-fei.Aluminum alloy and its application[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2007.
[6]李翔,唐建国,张新明,凌利月,刘文辉,廖志宇,杨涛,邓运来.温变形对汽车车身用6061铝合金自然时效及力学性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(1):1-6.LI Xiang,TANG Jian-guo,ZHANG Xin-ming,LING Li-yue,LIU Wen-hui,LIAO Zhi-yu,YANG Tao,DENG Yun-lai.Effect of warm deformation on natural ageing and mechanical property of aluminum alloy 6061 sheets for automotive body[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(1):1-6.
[7]TOROS S,OZTURK F,KACAR I.Review of warm forming of aluminum-magnesium alloys[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2008,207(1/3):1-12.
[8]PYE A M.Superplastic forming of aluminium alloys[J].Materials&Design,1981,2(6):304-309.
[9]CHEN Ming-he,CAO Yuan-yuan,CHEN Wei,CHEN Guo-liang.Research on synchronized cooling hot forming process of 6016aluminum alloy[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012,452/453:81-85.
[10]KARBASIAN H,TEKKAYA A E.A review on hot stamping[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2010,210(15):2103-2118.
[11]MORI K I.Smart hot stamping of ultra-high strength steel parts[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(2):496-503.
[12]李辉平,赵国群,张雷,贺连芳.超高强度钢板热冲压及模内淬火工艺的发展现状[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2010,40(3):69-74.LI Hui-ping,ZHAO Guo-qun,ZHANG Lei,HE Lian-fang.The development status of hot stamping and quenching of ultra high-strength steel[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2010,40(3):69-74.
[13]马宁,胡平,闫康康,郭威,孟祥兵,翟述基.高强度硼钢热成形技术研究及其应用[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(14):68-72.MA Ning,HU Ping,YAN Kang-kang,GUO Wei,MENG Xiang-bing,ZHAI Shu-ji.Research on boron steel for hot forming and its application[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(14):68-72.
[14]GARRETT R P,LIN J,DEAN T A.Solution heat treatment and cold die quenching in forming AA 6xxx sheet components:Feasibility study[J].Advanced Materials Research,2005,6/8:673-680.
[15]MOHAMED M S,FOSTER A D,LIN Jian-guo,BALINT D S,DEAN T A.Investigation of deformation and failure features of AA6082:Experimentation and modelling[J].International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2012,53(1):27-38.
[16]WANG L,STRANGWOOD M,BALINT D,LIN J,DEAN T A.Formability and failure mechanisms of AA2024 under hot forming conditions[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2011,528(6):2648-2656.
[17]WANG Ning,CHEN Guo-liang,CHEN Ming-he.Constitutive relationship and parameters optimization of 6181 H18 aluminum alloy hot forming process with synchronous cooling[J].Materials Science Forum,2014,770:324-328.
[18]曹园园,陈明和,王小芳,李琳琳,陈伟.6181H18铝合金同步冷却热成形工艺研究[J].航空制造技术,2012(5):81-84.CAO Yuan-yuan,CHEN Ming-he,WANG Xiao-fang,LI Lin-lin,CHEN Wei.Research on synchronized cooling hot forming process of 6181H18 aluminum alloy[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2012(5):81-84.
[19]李琳琳.6000系铝合金同步冷却热成形及烘烤时效工艺研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2012.LI Lin-lin.Research on paint baking process after synchronization cooling hot forming of 6000 series aluminum alloys[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2012.
[20]WANG S C,STARINK M J.Precipitates and intermetallic phases in precipitation hardening Al-Cu-Mg-(Li)based alloys[J].International Materials Reviews,2005,50(4):193-215.
[21]桂奇文.热处理工艺对2024铝合金析出相及性能的影响[D].长沙:湖南大学,2008.GUI Qi-wen.The influence of heat treatment process on the precipitates and properties of 2024 aluminum alloy[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2008.
[22]陈康华,刘允中,刘红卫.7075和2024铝合金的固溶组织与力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2000,10(6):819-822.CHEN Kang-hua,LIU Yun-zhong,LIU Hong-wei.Microstructure and mechanical properties of enhanced solution treated 7075 and 2024 aluminum alloys[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2000,10(6):819-822.
[23]贺双喜,刘向阳,谢广辉,刘西刚,尚坤,张新军.时效制度对2A12铝合金组织与性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2014,39(6):94-96.HE Shuang-xi,LIU Xiang-yang,XIE Guang-hui,LIU Xi-gang,SHANG Kun,ZHANG Xin-jun.Effects of aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2A12 aluminum alloy[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2014,39(6):94-96.
[24]WILLIAMS J C,STARKE E A.Progress in structural materials for aerospace systems[J].Acta Mater,2003,51(19):5775-5799.
[25]王祝堂.2024型铝合金的热处理[J].金属世界,2009(2):43-48.WANG Zhu-tang.Heat treatment for 2024 aluminum alloy[J].Metal World,2009(2):43-48.
[2]曹景竹,王祝堂.铝合金在航空航天器中的应用(2)[J].轻合金加工技术,2013,41(3):1-12.CAO Jing-zhu,WANG Zhu-tang.Application of aluminum alloy in aeronautics and aerospace vehicle(2)[J].Light Alloy Fabrication Technology,2013,41(3):1-12.
[3]刘兵,彭超群,王日初,王小锋,李婷婷.大飞机用铝合金的研究现状及展望[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(9):1705-1715.LIU Bing,PENG Chao-qun,WANG Ri-chu,WANG Xiao-feng,LI Ting-ting.Recent development and prospects for giant plane aluminum alloys[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(9):1705-1715.
[4]STARKE E A,STALEY J T.Application of modern aluminum alloys to aircraft[J].Progress in Aerospace Sciences,1996,32(2):131-172.
[5]潘复生,张丁非.铝合金及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.PAN Fu-sheng,ZHANG Ding-fei.Aluminum alloy and its application[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2007.
[6]李翔,唐建国,张新明,凌利月,刘文辉,廖志宇,杨涛,邓运来.温变形对汽车车身用6061铝合金自然时效及力学性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(1):1-6.LI Xiang,TANG Jian-guo,ZHANG Xin-ming,LING Li-yue,LIU Wen-hui,LIAO Zhi-yu,YANG Tao,DENG Yun-lai.Effect of warm deformation on natural ageing and mechanical property of aluminum alloy 6061 sheets for automotive body[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(1):1-6.
[7]TOROS S,OZTURK F,KACAR I.Review of warm forming of aluminum-magnesium alloys[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2008,207(1/3):1-12.
[8]PYE A M.Superplastic forming of aluminium alloys[J].Materials&Design,1981,2(6):304-309.
[9]CHEN Ming-he,CAO Yuan-yuan,CHEN Wei,CHEN Guo-liang.Research on synchronized cooling hot forming process of 6016aluminum alloy[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012,452/453:81-85.
[10]KARBASIAN H,TEKKAYA A E.A review on hot stamping[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2010,210(15):2103-2118.
[11]MORI K I.Smart hot stamping of ultra-high strength steel parts[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(2):496-503.
[12]李辉平,赵国群,张雷,贺连芳.超高强度钢板热冲压及模内淬火工艺的发展现状[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2010,40(3):69-74.LI Hui-ping,ZHAO Guo-qun,ZHANG Lei,HE Lian-fang.The development status of hot stamping and quenching of ultra high-strength steel[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2010,40(3):69-74.
[13]马宁,胡平,闫康康,郭威,孟祥兵,翟述基.高强度硼钢热成形技术研究及其应用[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(14):68-72.MA Ning,HU Ping,YAN Kang-kang,GUO Wei,MENG Xiang-bing,ZHAI Shu-ji.Research on boron steel for hot forming and its application[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(14):68-72.
[14]GARRETT R P,LIN J,DEAN T A.Solution heat treatment and cold die quenching in forming AA 6xxx sheet components:Feasibility study[J].Advanced Materials Research,2005,6/8:673-680.
[15]MOHAMED M S,FOSTER A D,LIN Jian-guo,BALINT D S,DEAN T A.Investigation of deformation and failure features of AA6082:Experimentation and modelling[J].International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2012,53(1):27-38.
[16]WANG L,STRANGWOOD M,BALINT D,LIN J,DEAN T A.Formability and failure mechanisms of AA2024 under hot forming conditions[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2011,528(6):2648-2656.
[17]WANG Ning,CHEN Guo-liang,CHEN Ming-he.Constitutive relationship and parameters optimization of 6181 H18 aluminum alloy hot forming process with synchronous cooling[J].Materials Science Forum,2014,770:324-328.
[18]曹园园,陈明和,王小芳,李琳琳,陈伟.6181H18铝合金同步冷却热成形工艺研究[J].航空制造技术,2012(5):81-84.CAO Yuan-yuan,CHEN Ming-he,WANG Xiao-fang,LI Lin-lin,CHEN Wei.Research on synchronized cooling hot forming process of 6181H18 aluminum alloy[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2012(5):81-84.
[19]李琳琳.6000系铝合金同步冷却热成形及烘烤时效工艺研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2012.LI Lin-lin.Research on paint baking process after synchronization cooling hot forming of 6000 series aluminum alloys[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2012.
[20]WANG S C,STARINK M J.Precipitates and intermetallic phases in precipitation hardening Al-Cu-Mg-(Li)based alloys[J].International Materials Reviews,2005,50(4):193-215.
[21]桂奇文.热处理工艺对2024铝合金析出相及性能的影响[D].长沙:湖南大学,2008.GUI Qi-wen.The influence of heat treatment process on the precipitates and properties of 2024 aluminum alloy[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2008.
[22]陈康华,刘允中,刘红卫.7075和2024铝合金的固溶组织与力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2000,10(6):819-822.CHEN Kang-hua,LIU Yun-zhong,LIU Hong-wei.Microstructure and mechanical properties of enhanced solution treated 7075 and 2024 aluminum alloys[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2000,10(6):819-822.
[23]贺双喜,刘向阳,谢广辉,刘西刚,尚坤,张新军.时效制度对2A12铝合金组织与性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2014,39(6):94-96.HE Shuang-xi,LIU Xiang-yang,XIE Guang-hui,LIU Xi-gang,SHANG Kun,ZHANG Xin-jun.Effects of aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2A12 aluminum alloy[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2014,39(6):94-96.
[24]WILLIAMS J C,STARKE E A.Progress in structural materials for aerospace systems[J].Acta Mater,2003,51(19):5775-5799.
[25]王祝堂.2024型铝合金的热处理[J].金属世界,2009(2):43-48.WANG Zhu-tang.Heat treatment for 2024 aluminum alloy[J].Metal World,2009(2):43-48.