逆断层附近非均匀应力场声发射测试与巷道稳定性数值分析
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摘要
由于断层带附近应力集中和围岩破碎严重给巷道断面布设和维护带来巨大安全隐患,需及时掌握断层附近地应力分布和围岩破裂形式及其对周边巷道稳定性影响。选取淮南某矿逆断层上、下盘进行试验,利用MTS试验系统配合声发射测试初始地应力场和岩石破裂方式,经ANSYS对比分析不同应力条件下逆断层附近巷道稳定性。经岩石力学试验发现,砂岩破坏后尺度较小、AE事件数较多,泥岩破坏后尺度较大、AE事件数较少。由地应力实测可知,逆断层附近以构造应力为主,上盘岩层挤压使得下盘总体受力偏大。开挖后巷道周边次生应力在一定范围内出现了应力跌落区,跌落区范围和围岩裂隙发育范围接近。同时,伴随着应力跌落的范围扩大、初始应力减小,岩层开始移动剧烈和围岩破裂范围扩大。由围岩塑性分布和岩层移动可知,调整后主应力有助于提高巷道稳定性。以上研究结果,以期为复杂埋藏环境下矿山巷道的布设和支护问题,提供一定的施工技术依据。
The concentrated stress and fractured rock around the fault zone, have great potential safety hazards for the section layout of a roadway and its maintenance, so the distribution of in-situ stress and the failure mode of the surrounding rock near the fault and their influences on the roadway stability should be necessarily grasped. The upper and lower plates of the reverse fault in Huainan Coal Mine are chosen for tests. The in-situ stress fields and rock failure modes are tested by the MTS experimental system and acoustic emission. The stability of roadway near the fault under different in-situ stresses is analyzed by ANSYS. After rock mechanics experiment, it is found that the scale of fractured sandstone is smaller and its AE events number is more, while the size of fractured mudstone is larger and its AE events number is less. According to the measured results of ground stress, it is found that the in-situ stress near the fault is dominated by the tectonic stress. The overall force of the lower plate is large due to the upper plate extrusion. After roadway excavation, the stress drop zone of the secondary stress appears in a certain range around the roadway, and the scope of drop zone is close to the range of fractured surrounding rock.At the same time, with the expanding range of stress drop zone and decrease of the initial stress, the moving of rock strata and expanding of fracture range of the surrounding rock are violent. According to the plastic distribution of the surrounding rock and the movement of rock strata, the adjusted principal stress can improve the stability of roadway. The above research results may provide technical basis for the layout and support of mine roadways in the same complicated burial environment.
The concentrated stress and fractured rock around the fault zone, have great potential safety hazards for the section layout of a roadway and its maintenance, so the distribution of in-situ stress and the failure mode of the surrounding rock near the fault and their influences on the roadway stability should be necessarily grasped. The upper and lower plates of the reverse fault in Huainan Coal Mine are chosen for tests. The in-situ stress fields and rock failure modes are tested by the MTS experimental system and acoustic emission. The stability of roadway near the fault under different in-situ stresses is analyzed by ANSYS. After rock mechanics experiment, it is found that the scale of fractured sandstone is smaller and its AE events number is more, while the size of fractured mudstone is larger and its AE events number is less. According to the measured results of ground stress, it is found that the in-situ stress near the fault is dominated by the tectonic stress. The overall force of the lower plate is large due to the upper plate extrusion. After roadway excavation, the stress drop zone of the secondary stress appears in a certain range around the roadway, and the scope of drop zone is close to the range of fractured surrounding rock.At the same time, with the expanding range of stress drop zone and decrease of the initial stress, the moving of rock strata and expanding of fracture range of the surrounding rock are violent. According to the plastic distribution of the surrounding rock and the movement of rock strata, the adjusted principal stress can improve the stability of roadway. The above research results may provide technical basis for the layout and support of mine roadways in the same complicated burial environment.
引文
[1]蔡美峰,彭华,乔兰,等.瓦富煤矿地应力场分布规律及其与地质构造的关系[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(11):1248-1252.(CAI Mei-feng,PENG Hua,QIAO Lan,et al.Distribution law of in-situ stress field and its relationship to regional geological structures in Wafu Coal Mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(11):1248-1252.(in Chinese))
[2]孔德森,蒋金泉,范振忠,等.深部巷道围岩在复杂应力场中的稳定性数值模拟分析[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2001,20(1):68-70.(KONG De-sen,JIANGJin-quan,FAN Zhen-zhong,et al.Numerical simulation analysis of deep roadways stability in compound stress field[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2001,20(1):68-70.(in Chinese))
[3]蔡美峰.地应力测量原理和技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(CAI Mei-feng.Principles and techniques of geostress measurement[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[4]蔡美峰.金属矿山采矿设计优化与地压控制--理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.(CAI Mei-feng.Mining design optimization and ground pressure control in metal mines-theory and practice[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[5]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒.地下工程围岩稳定性分析[M].北京:中国煤炭工业出版社,1983:42-48.(YU Xue-fu,ZHENG Yi-ren,LIU Huai-heng.Stability analysis of surrounding rock of underground engineering[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Press,1983:42-48.(in Chinese))
[6]孙玉福.水平应力对巷道围岩稳定性的影响[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(6):891-895.(SUN Yu-fu.Affects of in-situ horizontal stress on stability of surrounding rock roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(6):891-895.(in Chinese))
[7]潘阳,赵光明,孟祥瑞.非均匀应力场下巷道围岩弹塑性分析[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(增刊1):53-57.(PAN Yang,ZHAO Guang-ming,MENG Xiang-rui.Elasto-plastic analysis of surrounding rock mass under non-uniform stress field[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(S1):53-57.(in Chinese))
[8]张小波,赵光明,孟祥瑞.基于岩石非线性统一强度准则的非均匀应力场中圆形巷道围岩塑性区分析[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(3):202-206.(ZHANG Xiao-bo,ZHAOGuang-ming,MENG Xiang-rui.Plastic zone analysis of the surrounding rock mass in circular tunnel under non-uniform stress field based on nonlinear unified strength criterion[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2013,13(3):202-206.(in Chinese))
[9]彭瑞,赵光明,孟祥瑞.基于D-P准则的非均匀应力场受扰动轴对称巷道安全性分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2014,24(1):103-108.(PENG Rui,ZHAO Guang-ming,MENGXiang-rui.Analysis of disturbed axisymmetric roadway safety under non-uniform stress field on D-Pcriterion[J].China Safety Sience Journal,2014,24(1):103-108.(in Chinese))
[10]彭瑞,孟祥瑞,赵光明,等.不同岩性岩石声发射地应力测试及其应用[J].中南大学学报,2015,46(9):3377-3384.(PENG Rui,MENG Xiang-rui,ZHAO Guang-ming,et al.The acoustic emission in-situ stress testing of different lithology rock and its application[J].Journal of Central South University,2015,46(9):3377-3384.(in Chinese))
[11]张百红,韩立军,韩贵雷,等.深部三维地应力实测与巷道稳定性研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2547-2555.(ZHANG Bai-hong,HAN Li-jun,HAN Gui-lei,et al.Study of 3D in-situ stress measurement and stability of roadways in depth[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2547-2555.(in Chinese))
[12]云龙,郭彦双,马瑾.5°拐折断层在黏滑过程中物理场演化与交替活动的实验研究[J].地震地质,2011,33(2):356-368.(YUN Long,GUO Yan-shuang,MA Jin.An experimental study of evolution of physical field and the alternative during stick-slip of 5°bend fault[J].Seismology and Geology,2011,33(2):356-368.(in Chinese))
[13]郭彦双,马瑾,云龙.拐折断层黏滑过程的实验研究[J].地震地质,2011,33(1):26-35.(GUO Yan-shuang,MAJin,YUN Long.Experimental study on the process of viscous slip of the fracture[J].Seismology and Geology,2011,33(2):356-368.(in Chinese))
[14]侯守信,田国荣.古地磁岩心定向及其在地应力测量上的应用[J].地质力学学报,1999,5(1):90-96.(HOUShou-xin,TIAN Guo-rong.Paleomagnetic core orientation and its application in in-situ stress measurement[J].Journal of Geomechanics,1999,5(1):90-96.(in Chinese))
[15]吴满路,廖椿庭,张春山,等.红透山铜矿地应力测量及其分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3943-3947.(WU Man-lu,LIAO Chun-ting,ZHANGChun-shan,et al.Red through in-situ stress measurement and its distribution of mountain copper mine study[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3943-3947.(in Chinese))
[16]黄明清,吴爱祥,王贻明,等.套孔应力解除法测量断层区域地应力[J].中国有色金属学报,2014(11):3660-3665.(HONG Ming-qing,WU Ai-xiang,WANG Yi-ming,et al.Measurement of stress in fault area by stress relief method[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014(11):3660-3665.(in Chinese))
[17]康红普,林健,张晓.深部矿井地应力测量方法研究与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):929-933.(KANG Hong-pu,LIN Jian,ZHANG Xiao.Research and application of in-situ stress measurement in deep mines[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):929-933.(in Chinese))
[18]康红普,林健,张晓,等.潞安矿区井下地应力测量及分布规律研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(3):827-844.(KANG Hong-pu,LIN Jian,ZHANG Xiao,et al.In-situ stress measurements and distribution laws in Lu’an underground coal mines[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(3):827-844.(in Chinese))
[19]张延新,宋常胜,蔡美峰,等.深孔水压致裂地应力测量及应力场反演分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):778-786.(ZHANG Yan-xin,SONG Chang-sheng,CAIMei-feng,et al.Geostress measurements by hydraulic fracturing method at great depth of boreholes andnumerical modelling predictions of stress field[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(4):778-786.(in Chinese))
[20]景锋.原生裂隙水压致裂法三维地应力测量研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(11):1692-1696.(JING Feng.Determination of three-dimensional geostress by hydraulic tests on preexisting fractures[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(11):1692-1696.(in Chinese))
[21]HOLCOMB D J.General theory of the Kaiser effect[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1993,30(7):929-935.
[22]LAVROV A V.Three-dimensional simulation of memory effects in rock samples[M.Rock Stress Proceedings of the International Symposium on Rock Stress,Rotterdam:A ABalkema,1997:197-202.
[23]SETO M,NAG D K,VUTUKURI V S.In-situ rock stress measurement from rock cores using the acoustic emission method and deformation rate analysis[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,1999,17(3):241-266.
[24]LAVROV A.The Kaiser effect in rocks:principles and stress estimation techniques[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(2):151-171.
[25]祝方才,谢学斌.岩石声发射技术及在地应力测量中的应用探讨[J].国外金属矿山,2000,24(2):13-15.(ZHUFang-cai,XIE Xue-bin.Rock acoustic emission technology and application in the in-situ stress measurement study[J].Metal Mines Abroad,2000,24(2):13-15.(in Chinese))
[26]WANG H T,XIAN X F,YIN G Z,et al.A new method of determining geostresses by the acoustic emission Kaiser effect[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37(3):543-547.
[2]孔德森,蒋金泉,范振忠,等.深部巷道围岩在复杂应力场中的稳定性数值模拟分析[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2001,20(1):68-70.(KONG De-sen,JIANGJin-quan,FAN Zhen-zhong,et al.Numerical simulation analysis of deep roadways stability in compound stress field[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2001,20(1):68-70.(in Chinese))
[3]蔡美峰.地应力测量原理和技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(CAI Mei-feng.Principles and techniques of geostress measurement[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[4]蔡美峰.金属矿山采矿设计优化与地压控制--理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.(CAI Mei-feng.Mining design optimization and ground pressure control in metal mines-theory and practice[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[5]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒.地下工程围岩稳定性分析[M].北京:中国煤炭工业出版社,1983:42-48.(YU Xue-fu,ZHENG Yi-ren,LIU Huai-heng.Stability analysis of surrounding rock of underground engineering[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Press,1983:42-48.(in Chinese))
[6]孙玉福.水平应力对巷道围岩稳定性的影响[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(6):891-895.(SUN Yu-fu.Affects of in-situ horizontal stress on stability of surrounding rock roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(6):891-895.(in Chinese))
[7]潘阳,赵光明,孟祥瑞.非均匀应力场下巷道围岩弹塑性分析[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(增刊1):53-57.(PAN Yang,ZHAO Guang-ming,MENG Xiang-rui.Elasto-plastic analysis of surrounding rock mass under non-uniform stress field[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(S1):53-57.(in Chinese))
[8]张小波,赵光明,孟祥瑞.基于岩石非线性统一强度准则的非均匀应力场中圆形巷道围岩塑性区分析[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(3):202-206.(ZHANG Xiao-bo,ZHAOGuang-ming,MENG Xiang-rui.Plastic zone analysis of the surrounding rock mass in circular tunnel under non-uniform stress field based on nonlinear unified strength criterion[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2013,13(3):202-206.(in Chinese))
[9]彭瑞,赵光明,孟祥瑞.基于D-P准则的非均匀应力场受扰动轴对称巷道安全性分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2014,24(1):103-108.(PENG Rui,ZHAO Guang-ming,MENGXiang-rui.Analysis of disturbed axisymmetric roadway safety under non-uniform stress field on D-Pcriterion[J].China Safety Sience Journal,2014,24(1):103-108.(in Chinese))
[10]彭瑞,孟祥瑞,赵光明,等.不同岩性岩石声发射地应力测试及其应用[J].中南大学学报,2015,46(9):3377-3384.(PENG Rui,MENG Xiang-rui,ZHAO Guang-ming,et al.The acoustic emission in-situ stress testing of different lithology rock and its application[J].Journal of Central South University,2015,46(9):3377-3384.(in Chinese))
[11]张百红,韩立军,韩贵雷,等.深部三维地应力实测与巷道稳定性研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2547-2555.(ZHANG Bai-hong,HAN Li-jun,HAN Gui-lei,et al.Study of 3D in-situ stress measurement and stability of roadways in depth[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2547-2555.(in Chinese))
[12]云龙,郭彦双,马瑾.5°拐折断层在黏滑过程中物理场演化与交替活动的实验研究[J].地震地质,2011,33(2):356-368.(YUN Long,GUO Yan-shuang,MA Jin.An experimental study of evolution of physical field and the alternative during stick-slip of 5°bend fault[J].Seismology and Geology,2011,33(2):356-368.(in Chinese))
[13]郭彦双,马瑾,云龙.拐折断层黏滑过程的实验研究[J].地震地质,2011,33(1):26-35.(GUO Yan-shuang,MAJin,YUN Long.Experimental study on the process of viscous slip of the fracture[J].Seismology and Geology,2011,33(2):356-368.(in Chinese))
[14]侯守信,田国荣.古地磁岩心定向及其在地应力测量上的应用[J].地质力学学报,1999,5(1):90-96.(HOUShou-xin,TIAN Guo-rong.Paleomagnetic core orientation and its application in in-situ stress measurement[J].Journal of Geomechanics,1999,5(1):90-96.(in Chinese))
[15]吴满路,廖椿庭,张春山,等.红透山铜矿地应力测量及其分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3943-3947.(WU Man-lu,LIAO Chun-ting,ZHANGChun-shan,et al.Red through in-situ stress measurement and its distribution of mountain copper mine study[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3943-3947.(in Chinese))
[16]黄明清,吴爱祥,王贻明,等.套孔应力解除法测量断层区域地应力[J].中国有色金属学报,2014(11):3660-3665.(HONG Ming-qing,WU Ai-xiang,WANG Yi-ming,et al.Measurement of stress in fault area by stress relief method[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014(11):3660-3665.(in Chinese))
[17]康红普,林健,张晓.深部矿井地应力测量方法研究与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):929-933.(KANG Hong-pu,LIN Jian,ZHANG Xiao.Research and application of in-situ stress measurement in deep mines[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):929-933.(in Chinese))
[18]康红普,林健,张晓,等.潞安矿区井下地应力测量及分布规律研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(3):827-844.(KANG Hong-pu,LIN Jian,ZHANG Xiao,et al.In-situ stress measurements and distribution laws in Lu’an underground coal mines[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(3):827-844.(in Chinese))
[19]张延新,宋常胜,蔡美峰,等.深孔水压致裂地应力测量及应力场反演分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):778-786.(ZHANG Yan-xin,SONG Chang-sheng,CAIMei-feng,et al.Geostress measurements by hydraulic fracturing method at great depth of boreholes andnumerical modelling predictions of stress field[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(4):778-786.(in Chinese))
[20]景锋.原生裂隙水压致裂法三维地应力测量研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(11):1692-1696.(JING Feng.Determination of three-dimensional geostress by hydraulic tests on preexisting fractures[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(11):1692-1696.(in Chinese))
[21]HOLCOMB D J.General theory of the Kaiser effect[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1993,30(7):929-935.
[22]LAVROV A V.Three-dimensional simulation of memory effects in rock samples[M.Rock Stress Proceedings of the International Symposium on Rock Stress,Rotterdam:A ABalkema,1997:197-202.
[23]SETO M,NAG D K,VUTUKURI V S.In-situ rock stress measurement from rock cores using the acoustic emission method and deformation rate analysis[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,1999,17(3):241-266.
[24]LAVROV A.The Kaiser effect in rocks:principles and stress estimation techniques[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(2):151-171.
[25]祝方才,谢学斌.岩石声发射技术及在地应力测量中的应用探讨[J].国外金属矿山,2000,24(2):13-15.(ZHUFang-cai,XIE Xue-bin.Rock acoustic emission technology and application in the in-situ stress measurement study[J].Metal Mines Abroad,2000,24(2):13-15.(in Chinese))
[26]WANG H T,XIAN X F,YIN G Z,et al.A new method of determining geostresses by the acoustic emission Kaiser effect[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37(3):543-547.