康复景观研究前沿:热点议题与研究方法
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摘要
文章基于近年来康复景观的研究成果,从理论、实证、实践、评价等4方面梳理了康复景观的热点议题,即景观的恢复作用机制、景观的健康效益测量、康复景观设计、景观的主观恢复性测量;并总结了康复景观实证研究基本范式中的常用方法和最新技术手段,包括环境刺激呈现方式、主观环境感受特征评价与客观健康数据测量;最后,文章提出了"建立基于东方文化的康复景观理论与实践体系"、"立足于风景园林学的康复景观研究"、"建立具有优化实践意义的康复景观评价体系"等3个康复景观研究与实践的未来发展方向。
Based on therapeutic landscape research results in recent years, this study probes into the hot issues in the therapeutic landscape field related to the four aspects of theory, empirical study, practice, and evaluation, e.g., mechanism behind the restorative landscape function, measurement of the health outcomes of landscapes, therapeutic landscape design, and measurement of the perceived restorativeness of landscapes, respectively. Common methods and latest technologies utilized in therapeutic landscape empirical research were also summarized, including environmental stimuli presentation, evaluation of the subjective perception of the environment, and measurement of objective health outcomes. Finally, three directions for future therapeutic landscape research and practice were proposed, including the establishment of a theoretical and practical system based on oriental culture, studies related to landscape architecture, and a practice-improving evaluation system.
Based on therapeutic landscape research results in recent years, this study probes into the hot issues in the therapeutic landscape field related to the four aspects of theory, empirical study, practice, and evaluation, e.g., mechanism behind the restorative landscape function, measurement of the health outcomes of landscapes, therapeutic landscape design, and measurement of the perceived restorativeness of landscapes, respectively. Common methods and latest technologies utilized in therapeutic landscape empirical research were also summarized, including environmental stimuli presentation, evaluation of the subjective perception of the environment, and measurement of objective health outcomes. Finally, three directions for future therapeutic landscape research and practice were proposed, including the establishment of a theoretical and practical system based on oriental culture, studies related to landscape architecture, and a practice-improving evaluation system.
引文
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[2]Wilson E O.Biophilia[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1984.
[3]Orians G H.An ecological and evolutionary approach to landscape aethetics[M].Meanings and Values in Landscape,Penning-Rowsell E C,Lowenthal D,London:Allen&Unwin,1986,3-25.
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[5]Kaplan S.The restorative benefits of nature:Toward an integrative framework[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,1995,15(3):169-182.
[6]Ulrich R S.Aesthetic and Affective Response to Natural Environment[M].Behavior and the Natural Environment,Altman I,Wohlwill J F,Boston,MA:Springer US,1983,85-125.
[7]Ulrich R S,Parsons R.Influences of passive experiences with plants on individual well-being and health[M].The Role of Horticulture in Human Well-Being and Social Development:A National Symposium,Relf D,Portland,OR:Timber Press,1992,99-100.
[8]De Vries S.Nearby Nature and Human Health:Looking at Mechanisms and Their Implications[M].Innovative Approaches to Researching Landscape and Health:Open Space:People Space2,Thompson C W,Aspinall P,Bell S,Abingdon:Routledge Taylor&Francis Group,2010,77-96.
[9]Song C,Joung D,Ikei H,et al.Physiological and psychological effects of walking on young males in urban parks in winter[J].Journal of Physiological Anthropology,2013,32(1):18.
[10]李卿,川田智之.森林医学の臨床応用の可能性[J].日本衛生学雑誌,2014,69(2):117-121.
[11]Wang D,Macmillan T.The Benefits of Gardening for Older Adults:A Systematic Review of the Literature[J].Activities,Adaptation&Aging,2013,37(2):153-181.
[12]Sahlin E,Ahlborg G,Vega Matuszczyk J,et al.NatureBased Stress Management Course for Individuals at Risk of Adverse Health Effects from Work-Related Stress—Effects on Stress Related Symptoms,Workability and Sick Leave[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2014,11(6):6586-6611.
[13]Faber Taylor A,Kuo F E.Children With Attention Deficits Concentrate Better After Walk in the Park[J].Journal of Attention Disorders,2009,12(5):402-409.
[14]Vienneau D,de Hoogh K,Faeh D,et al.More than clean air and tranquillity:Residential green is independently associated with decreasing mortality[J].Environment International,2017,108:176-184.
[15]Halonen J I,Kivim?ki M,Pentti J,et al.Green and blue areas as predictors of overweight and obesity in an 8-year follow‐up study[J].Obesity,2014,22(8):1910-1917.
[16]Paquet C,Orschulok T P,Coffee N T,et al.Are accessibility and characteristics of public open spaces associated with a better cardiometabolic health?[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2013,118:70-78.
[17]Grahn P,Stigsdotter U A.Landscape planning and stress[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2003,2(1):1-18.
[18]Beyer M K,Kaltenbach A,Szabo A,et al.Exposure to Neighborhood Green Space and Mental Health:Evidence from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin[Z].2014:11.
[19]Van Herzele A,de Vries S.Linking green space to health:a comparative study of two urban neighbourhoods in Ghent,Belgium[J].Population and Environment,2012,34(2):171-193.
[20]Schüle S A,Gabriel K M A,Bolte G.Relationship between neighbourhood socioeconomic position and neighbourhood public green space availability:An environmental inequality analysis in a large German city applying generalized linear models[J].International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2017,220(4):711-718.
[21]Kondo M C,Low S C,Henning J,et al.The Impact of Green Stormwater Infrastructure Installation on Surrounding Health and Safety[J].American Journal of Public Health,2015,105(3):e114-e121.
[22]Ulrich R S,Zimring C,Zhu X,et al.A review of the research literature on evidence-based healthcare design[J].HERD,2008,1(3):61-125.
[23]Ulrich R S.A theory of supportive design for healthcare facilities[J].Journal of healthcare design:proceedings from the...Symposium on Healthcare Design.Symposium on Healthcare Design,1997,9:3-7,21-24.
[24]Hartig T,Korpela K,Evans G W,et al.A measure of restorative quality in environments[J].Housing,Theory and Society,1997,14(4):175-194.
[25]Laumann K,G?rling T,Stormark K M.Rating scale measures of restorative components of environments[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2001,21(1):31-44.
[26]Bagot K.Perceived Restorative Components:A scale for children[J].Youth and Environments,2004,14:107.
[27]Pals R,Steg L,Siero F W,et al.Development of the PRCQ:A measure of perceived restorative characteristics of zoo attractions[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2009,29(4):441-449.
[28]Bardenhagen E,Rodiek S,Nejati A,et al.The Seniors'Outdoor Survey(SOS Tool):A Proposed Weighting and Scoring Framework to Assess Outdoor Environments in Residential Care Settings[J].Journal of Housing For the Elderly,2018,32(1):99.
[29]Virginia I L,Caroline H P.Responses to Scenes with Spreading,Rounded,and Conical Tree Forms[J].Environment and Behavior,2006,38(5):667-688.
[30]Rodiek S D,Fried J T.Access to the outdoors:Using photographic comparison to assess preferences of assisted living residents[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2005,73(2-3):184-199.
[31]Nejati A,Rodiek S,Shepley M.Using visual simulation to evaluate restorative qualities of access to nature in hospital staff break areas[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2016,148:132-138.
[32]Felsten G.Where to take a study break on the college campus:An attention restoration theory perspective[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2009,29(1):160-167.
[33]陈筝,翟雪倩,叶诗韵,等.恢复性自然环境对城市居民心智健康影响的荟萃分析及规划启示[J].国际城市规划,2016(4):16-26.
[34]Laumann K,G?rling T,Stormark K M.Selective attention and heart rate responses to natural and urban environments[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2003,23(2):125-134.
[35]An K W,Kim E I,Jeon K S,et al.Effects of forest stand density on human's physiopsychological changes[J].Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture,Kyushu University,2004,49(2):283-291.
[36]Lindal P J,Hartig T.Architectural variation,building height,and the restorativ equality of urban residential streetscapes[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2013,33:26-36.
[37]de Kort Y A W,Meijnders A L,Sponselee A A G,et al.What's wrong with virtual trees?Restoring from stress in a mediated environment[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2006,26(4):309-320.
[38]徐磊青,孟若希,陈筝.迷人的街道:建筑界面与绿视率的影响[J].风景园林,2017(10):27-33.
[39]Paddle E,Gilliland J.Orange Is the New Green:Exploring the Restorative Capacity of Seasonal Foliage in Schoolyard Trees[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2016,13(5).
[40]Small C,Stone R,Pilsbury J,et al.Virtual restorative environment therapy as an adjunct to pain control during burn dressing changes:study protocol for a randomised controlled trial[J].Trials,2015,16(1).
[41]Bruun-Pedersen J,Serafin S,Maculewicz J,et al.Designing Recreational Virtual Environments for Older Adult Nursing Home Residents:How Nature And Content Matter For Improving Augmented Exercise Experiences[Z].ACM,2016:222-228.
[42]Chang C Y,Chen P K.Human responses to window views and indoor plants in the workplace[J].Hortscience,2005,40(5):1354-1359.
[43]Raanaas R K,Evensen K H,Rich D,et al.Benefits of indoor plants on attention capacity in an office setting[J].Hortscience,2011,31(1):99-105.
[44]Chang C,Hammitt W E,Chen P,et al.Psychophysiological responses and restorative values of natural environments in Taiwan[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2008,85(2):79-84.
[45]Frances E K,William C S.Aggression and Violence in the Inner City:Effects of Environment via Mental Fatigue[J].Environment and Behavior,2001,33(4):543-571.
[46]Park B J,Tsunetsugu Y,Morikawa T,et al.Physiological and psychological effects of walking in stay-in forest therapy[J].Nihon eiseigaku zasshi.Japanese journal of hygiene,2014,69(2):98-103.
[47]Lee J,Tsunetsugu Y,Takayama N,et al.Influence of forest therapy on cardiovascular relaxation in young adults[J].Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2014.
[48]陈筝,Schulz Sebastian,吴杭彬,等.面向城市设计的环境实景感知实证研究[J].南方建筑,2016(4):10-14.
[49]Herzog T R,Maguire C P,Nebel M B.Assessing the restorative components of environments[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2003,23(2):159-170.
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