闭口风洞声学测量中的阵列设计
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摘要
为了在已经建好的闭口风洞中进行基于声传感器阵列的声学测量,且获得最佳成像结果,需要按照壁面预留开口进行阵列的最优化设计,针对常见声源及风洞壁面已有开口提出了不同口径相配合、椭圆形和"窗口"型三种阵列布局方法,基本满足了各种壁面开口的需求,解决了规则形阵列设计与风洞预留开口不匹配、阵列性能无法达到最佳、甚至阵列无法使用等问题。通过特殊阵列设计以及成像结果对比,得出了影响波束形成的一般因素及阵列优劣的判定方法,仿真和实验结果表明,所提出的设计方法普适性强,而且波束形成结果具有较高的分辨率,能够有效抑制旁瓣,提高动态范围。
In a closed wind tunnel for acoustic measurement, the layout of acoustic sensors needs to be optimized according to the existed openings on the wall for the best image results. For common sound sources and existed openings on the wall of the wind tunnel, three kinds of array layout methods are proposed in this paper, they are different aperture matching, ellipse and ‘windows' types. The mentioned methods not only meet the existing opening needs, but also solve some thorny problems, as regular array design does not match the wind tunnel openings, array performance cannot reach optimum, and even sensor array cannot work. Through the special array shape design and imaging results comparison, the general factors affecting beamforming results and quality judgements of the array are obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed methods have strong adaptability and the beamforming results have high resolution, which can effectively suppress side lobes and improve dynamic range.
In a closed wind tunnel for acoustic measurement, the layout of acoustic sensors needs to be optimized according to the existed openings on the wall for the best image results. For common sound sources and existed openings on the wall of the wind tunnel, three kinds of array layout methods are proposed in this paper, they are different aperture matching, ellipse and ‘windows' types. The mentioned methods not only meet the existing opening needs, but also solve some thorny problems, as regular array design does not match the wind tunnel openings, array performance cannot reach optimum, and even sensor array cannot work. Through the special array shape design and imaging results comparison, the general factors affecting beamforming results and quality judgements of the array are obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed methods have strong adaptability and the beamforming results have high resolution, which can effectively suppress side lobes and improve dynamic range.
引文
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[11]HUANG J,ZHANG X,GUO F,et al.Design of an acoustic target classification system based on small-aperture microphone array[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation&Measurement,2015,64(7):2035-2043.
[2]季建朝,张宇,王明新.声传感器阵列风洞测量结果优化[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2018,58(1):94-100.JI Jianchao,ZHANG Yu,WANG Mingxin.Optimization of acoustic sensor arrays for wind tunnel measurements.Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2018,58(1):94-100.
[3]MUELLER T J.Aeroacoustic Measurements[M].Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,2002.
[4]黄奔.气动噪声源的麦克风阵列识别定位技术研究[D].绵阳:中国空气动力研究与发展中心,2014.HUANG Ben.Investigation of aerodynamic noise sources identification technique based on microphone arrays[D].Mianyang:China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,2014.
[5]冯志国.麦克风阵列优化设计中的算法与理论分析[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2015.FENG Zhiguo.Algorithms and theoretical analysis in microphone array optimization design[M].Chongqing:Chongqing University Press,2015.
[6]曹虎林.基于麦克风阵列的声源定位系统硬件设计与算法研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2011.CAO Hulin.Algorithm research and hardware design of source localization system based on microphone array[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao tong University,2011.
[7]周家检,郝璇,张卫民,等.相阵列技术在民机机体气动噪声研究中的应用[J].空气动力学学报,2016,34(1):91-97.ZHOU Jiajian,HAO Xuan,ZHANG Weimin,et al.Application of phased array technique in the research of civil airplane airframe noise[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2016,34(1):91-97.
[8]FENECH B A.Accurate aeroacoustic measurements in closed-section hard-walled wind tunnels[D].University of Southampton,2009.
[9]张强.气动声学基础[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2012:94-95.ZHANG Qiang.Aerodynamic fundamentals[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,2012:94-95.
[10]季建朝,白龙,黄迅.基于状态观测器的波束形成算法及其航空应用[J].航空学报,2011,32(1):35-40.JI Jianchao,BAI Long,HUANG Xun.A state observer based algorithm for aeroacoustic beamforming[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2011,32(1):35-40.
[11]HUANG J,ZHANG X,GUO F,et al.Design of an acoustic target classification system based on small-aperture microphone array[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation&Measurement,2015,64(7):2035-2043.