糠醇树脂基聚氨酯硬泡的阻燃性能研究
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摘要
在聚氨酯(PU)硬泡合成中引入成炭剂糠醇树脂(FR)、膨胀型阻燃剂多聚磷酸铵(APP),制备了阻燃PU硬泡。用热重分析、扫描电子显微镜等方法对材料进行了表征,用氧指数法、锥形量热仪分别分析了材料的阻燃性能。结果显示,适量糠醇树脂的引入可降低PU硬泡的最大热释放速率(PHRR)。PU/FR/APP质量比55/20/25的PU硬泡的氧指数达31.8%,PHRR为75.4k W/m2,比纯聚氨酯硬泡的PHRR(119.5 k W/m2)下降了36.9%,最大烟释放速率(PSRR)下降62.1%。PU硬泡燃烧后残炭率较高,成炭致密。
The PU/furfural resin( FR)/ammonium polyphosphate( APP) composites were prepared by introducing charring agent FR and intumescent flame retardant APP into rigid polyurethane foam( PUF). The materials were characterized by means of thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope. The flame retardancy was analyzed by oxygen index,cone calorimeter methods. The results showed that the addition of FR could reduce the peak heat release rate( PHRR) of PUF. The oxygen index of PU/FR/APP with mass ratio 55/20/25 was31. 8%,the PHRR was 75. 4 k W/m2,which declined 36. 9% than PHRR( 119. 5 k W/m2) of pure PUF,and the peak smoke release rate( PSRR) decreased by 62. 1%. The char yield was higher,and the combustion residue was more compact when the PUF was burnt.
The PU/furfural resin( FR)/ammonium polyphosphate( APP) composites were prepared by introducing charring agent FR and intumescent flame retardant APP into rigid polyurethane foam( PUF). The materials were characterized by means of thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope. The flame retardancy was analyzed by oxygen index,cone calorimeter methods. The results showed that the addition of FR could reduce the peak heat release rate( PHRR) of PUF. The oxygen index of PU/FR/APP with mass ratio 55/20/25 was31. 8%,the PHRR was 75. 4 k W/m2,which declined 36. 9% than PHRR( 119. 5 k W/m2) of pure PUF,and the peak smoke release rate( PSRR) decreased by 62. 1%. The char yield was higher,and the combustion residue was more compact when the PUF was burnt.
引文
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[4]季慧玲.糠醇树脂裂解过程的理论研究[D].南京:东南大学,2012.
[5]季慧玲,蒋南,王继刚.糠醇树脂的开环热裂解机理研究[J].材料研究学报,2011,25(6):585-590.
[6]SINGH H,JAIN A K.Ignition,combustion,toxicity,and fire retardancy of polyurethane foams:A comprehensive review[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2009,111(2):1115-1143.
[7]李万菊,王昊,安晓静,等.糠醇树脂改性对竹材物理、力学及防霉性能的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(2):133-138.
[8]周云,祝社民,陶亚秋.NH4H2PO4/三聚氰胺阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫的性能研究[J].聚氨酯工业,2012,27(4):20-22.
[9]于宝刚.用锥形量热仪研究聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能[J].中国塑料,2010(3):55-59.
[10]欧育湘,李秉海,赵毅,等.聚氨酯/改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的热稳定性及阻燃性[J].聚氨酯工业,2006,21(6):6-9.
[11]翟赟璞.有序介孔聚糠醇的组装及有序介孔碳材料的合成与功能化修饰[D].上海:复旦大学,2009.
[12]PRANGER L A,NUNNERY G A,TANNENBAUM R.Mechanism of the nanoparticle-catalyzed polymerization of furfuryl alcohol and the thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposites[J].Composites Part B,2012,43(3):1139-1146.