幼树阶段杉木不同无性系生长与形态性状分析
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摘要
杉木是我国南方最重要的造林树种之一,在木材安全重大战略中具有举足轻重的地位。株型是决定杉木产量的核心要素,掌握理想株型的性状组成对提高杉木产量具有重要的意义。本研究对来自福建省洋口国有林场的14个杉木组培无性系造林后3 a内生长量和造林后第2年的形态指标进行比较与分析,研究试验林分郁闭前幼树阶段的形态与和生长特点以及它们之间的关系,为杉木理想型无性系的选择和不同株型的定向培育方法提供理论依据。结果表明:1)造林后1至3年林分树高的平均值分别为1.00、2.52和3.87 m,第3年的胸径平均值为4.76 cm,无性系的树高生长变异系数随着生长时间的增长呈下降的趋势,不同无性系的生长量之间存在极显著的差异;其中除020在高生长上优势明显外,054、061、063和023在3 a内的树高和胸径生长均具有较大的优势。2)造林后第2年坐生密度、冠幅、枝盘数、当年生节间距离、一级侧枝数和年盘二级分枝数的平均值分别为63.58片、176.1 cm、6.11、21.76 cm、21.02和19.88,且不同无性系之间存在极显著的差异;说明杉木株型之间的差异较大。3)通过聚类分析将无性系063、054及061归为浓密型杉木,无性系047、148、023及049归为稀疏型。4)生长与形态之间的相关性分析表明浓密型杉木的生长量更大,根据以上的分析初步认定,在生长初期,杉木的理想株型具有枝条浓密和冠幅宽大的特点。
Cunninghamia lanceolata is one of the most economically important afforestation species in south China, and plays an important role in major timber security strategy. Plant type is the key factor to determine the yield of C. lanceolata, and it is of great signi?cance to master the character composition of ideal plant type for improving the yield of C. lanceolata. Fourteen C. lanceolata tissue culture cloneswere introduced by Fujian Yangkou Stated-owned Forest Farm, and the growth of 14 Chinese ?r clones in three years after afforestation and the morphological indexes in the second year after afforestation were compared and analyzed. The results show as follows: 1) The average tree height of the stand in the ?rst year to third year after afforestation was 1.00, 2.52 and 3.87 m,respectively,and the average DBH in the third year was 4.76 cm; The variation coef?cients of tree height growth among the clones showed a downward trend with the increase of growth time; and there were very significant differences in the growth of different clones;.among them, except variety 020, which had obvious superiority in height growth, variety 054, 061, 063 and 023 had greater superiority in height and DBH growth in three years. 2) In the second year after afforestation, the mean values of cluster density, crown width, number of branches tray, distance between nodes of one-year, number of ?rst-order lateral branches and number of second-order branches(of the ?rst branches of the year) were 63.58 tablets, 176.1 cm, 6.11, 21.76 cm, 21.02 and 19.88, respectively, and there were signi?cant differences among different clones; This shows that there were great differences among theclones in plant types. 3) Through cluster analysis, clonal 063, 054 and 061 were classi?ed as dense type C. lanceolata, while clonal 047, 148, 023 and 049 were classi?ed as sparse type C. lanceolata. 4) The correlation analysis between growth and morphology shows that the dense type C. lanceolata had larger growth than those of others; According to the above analysis, it is preliminarily concluded that the ideal plant type of C. lanceolata has the characteristics of dense branches and wide crown width at the early growth stage.
Cunninghamia lanceolata is one of the most economically important afforestation species in south China, and plays an important role in major timber security strategy. Plant type is the key factor to determine the yield of C. lanceolata, and it is of great signi?cance to master the character composition of ideal plant type for improving the yield of C. lanceolata. Fourteen C. lanceolata tissue culture cloneswere introduced by Fujian Yangkou Stated-owned Forest Farm, and the growth of 14 Chinese ?r clones in three years after afforestation and the morphological indexes in the second year after afforestation were compared and analyzed. The results show as follows: 1) The average tree height of the stand in the ?rst year to third year after afforestation was 1.00, 2.52 and 3.87 m,respectively,and the average DBH in the third year was 4.76 cm; The variation coef?cients of tree height growth among the clones showed a downward trend with the increase of growth time; and there were very significant differences in the growth of different clones;.among them, except variety 020, which had obvious superiority in height growth, variety 054, 061, 063 and 023 had greater superiority in height and DBH growth in three years. 2) In the second year after afforestation, the mean values of cluster density, crown width, number of branches tray, distance between nodes of one-year, number of ?rst-order lateral branches and number of second-order branches(of the ?rst branches of the year) were 63.58 tablets, 176.1 cm, 6.11, 21.76 cm, 21.02 and 19.88, respectively, and there were signi?cant differences among different clones; This shows that there were great differences among theclones in plant types. 3) Through cluster analysis, clonal 063, 054 and 061 were classi?ed as dense type C. lanceolata, while clonal 047, 148, 023 and 049 were classi?ed as sparse type C. lanceolata. 4) The correlation analysis between growth and morphology shows that the dense type C. lanceolata had larger growth than those of others; According to the above analysis, it is preliminarily concluded that the ideal plant type of C. lanceolata has the characteristics of dense branches and wide crown width at the early growth stage.
引文
[1]吴中伦.杉木[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1984.
[2]俞新妥.杉木[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,1982.
[3]齐明.我国杉木无性系选育的成就、问题和对策[J].世界林业研究,2007,20(6):50-55.
[4]曾志光,肖复明,沈彩周,等.江西省优质速生杉木无性系选育研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(5):561-566.
[5]陈代喜,李魁鹏,黄开勇,等.广西20年生杉木无性系测定与早期选择研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(11):9-13.
[6]郑会全,胡德活,韦如萍,等.杉木速生无性系选择与材质分析[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(10):27-31.
[7]高建亮,赵林峰.速生杉木优良无性系三阶段选择评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(6):54-60.
[8]胡德活,阮樟材,陈仲,等.广东省杉木无性系选育研究[J].林业与环境科学,2003,19(3):1-5.
[9]周天相,马常耕.杉木无性系选育(开天系列)[J].林业科学,2000,36(3):40-45.
[10]叶培忠,陈岳武,阮益初,等.杉木早期选择的研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),1981,5(1):106-116.
[11]胡德活,林旭平,阮梓材,等.杉木无性系早-晚龄生长性状的相关性及早期选择的研究[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(2):168-175.
[12]何贵平,陈益泰.杉木无性系生长及分枝习性的遗传变异[J].林业科学研究,1997,10(5):556-559.
[13]叶培忠,陈岳武.杉木自然类型的研究[J].林业科学,1964,9(4):297-310.
[14]DONALD C M.The breeding of crop ideotypes[J].Euphytica,1968,17(3):385-403.
[15]MARTIN T A,JOHNSEN K H,WHITE T L.Ideotype development in southern pines:rationale and strategies for overcoming scale-related obstacles[J].Forest Science,2001,47(1):21-28.
[16]DONALD C M,HAMBLIN J.The Biological Yield and Harvest Index of Cereals as Agronomic and Plant Breeding Criteria[J].Advances in Agronomy,1976,28(1):361-405.
[17]施季森.林木生物技术育种未来10年若干科学问题展望[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(5):1-13.
[18]王玉忠,张曼,张全锋,等.白榆无性系对比试验及综合评价[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(4):1-6.
[19]王克瀚.杨树理想株型的选择研究分析[J].四川林业科技,2017,38(2):97-99.
[20]南方十四省杉木栽培科研协作组.杉木产区立地类型划分的研究[J].林业科学,1981,17(1):37-45.
[21]卢康宁,张怀清,刘闽.杉木形态结构可视化模拟调查方法研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2010,30(1):34-40.
[22]龚垒.杉木幼树冠层结构与生物量关系的初步研究[J].生态学报,1984,4(3):50-60.
[23]潘丽军,陈锦权.试验设计与数据处理[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2008.
[24]方开泰,潘恩沛.聚类分析[M].北京:地质出版社,1982.
[25]赵承开.杉木优良无性系早期选择年龄和增益[J].林业科学,2002,38(4):53-60.
[26]姜志林,叶镜中.杉木树冠形态结构的初步研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),1980,4(4):46-52.
[27]杨国华.杉木选优的几个问题[J].南方林业科学,1978(4):5-17.
[28]周天相,徐金良,余土红,等.杉木无性系形质指标选育及其效果[J].林业实用技术,1998(5):6-9.
[29]PEER T V D,VERHEYEN K,KINT V,et al.Plasticity of tree architecture through interspecific and intraspecific competition in a young experimental plantation[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2017,385:1-9.
[30]陈明江,刘贵富,余泓,等.水稻高产优质的分子基础与品种设计[J].科学通报,2018,63(14):1276-1289.
[2]俞新妥.杉木[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,1982.
[3]齐明.我国杉木无性系选育的成就、问题和对策[J].世界林业研究,2007,20(6):50-55.
[4]曾志光,肖复明,沈彩周,等.江西省优质速生杉木无性系选育研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(5):561-566.
[5]陈代喜,李魁鹏,黄开勇,等.广西20年生杉木无性系测定与早期选择研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(11):9-13.
[6]郑会全,胡德活,韦如萍,等.杉木速生无性系选择与材质分析[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(10):27-31.
[7]高建亮,赵林峰.速生杉木优良无性系三阶段选择评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(6):54-60.
[8]胡德活,阮樟材,陈仲,等.广东省杉木无性系选育研究[J].林业与环境科学,2003,19(3):1-5.
[9]周天相,马常耕.杉木无性系选育(开天系列)[J].林业科学,2000,36(3):40-45.
[10]叶培忠,陈岳武,阮益初,等.杉木早期选择的研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),1981,5(1):106-116.
[11]胡德活,林旭平,阮梓材,等.杉木无性系早-晚龄生长性状的相关性及早期选择的研究[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(2):168-175.
[12]何贵平,陈益泰.杉木无性系生长及分枝习性的遗传变异[J].林业科学研究,1997,10(5):556-559.
[13]叶培忠,陈岳武.杉木自然类型的研究[J].林业科学,1964,9(4):297-310.
[14]DONALD C M.The breeding of crop ideotypes[J].Euphytica,1968,17(3):385-403.
[15]MARTIN T A,JOHNSEN K H,WHITE T L.Ideotype development in southern pines:rationale and strategies for overcoming scale-related obstacles[J].Forest Science,2001,47(1):21-28.
[16]DONALD C M,HAMBLIN J.The Biological Yield and Harvest Index of Cereals as Agronomic and Plant Breeding Criteria[J].Advances in Agronomy,1976,28(1):361-405.
[17]施季森.林木生物技术育种未来10年若干科学问题展望[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(5):1-13.
[18]王玉忠,张曼,张全锋,等.白榆无性系对比试验及综合评价[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(4):1-6.
[19]王克瀚.杨树理想株型的选择研究分析[J].四川林业科技,2017,38(2):97-99.
[20]南方十四省杉木栽培科研协作组.杉木产区立地类型划分的研究[J].林业科学,1981,17(1):37-45.
[21]卢康宁,张怀清,刘闽.杉木形态结构可视化模拟调查方法研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2010,30(1):34-40.
[22]龚垒.杉木幼树冠层结构与生物量关系的初步研究[J].生态学报,1984,4(3):50-60.
[23]潘丽军,陈锦权.试验设计与数据处理[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2008.
[24]方开泰,潘恩沛.聚类分析[M].北京:地质出版社,1982.
[25]赵承开.杉木优良无性系早期选择年龄和增益[J].林业科学,2002,38(4):53-60.
[26]姜志林,叶镜中.杉木树冠形态结构的初步研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),1980,4(4):46-52.
[27]杨国华.杉木选优的几个问题[J].南方林业科学,1978(4):5-17.
[28]周天相,徐金良,余土红,等.杉木无性系形质指标选育及其效果[J].林业实用技术,1998(5):6-9.
[29]PEER T V D,VERHEYEN K,KINT V,et al.Plasticity of tree architecture through interspecific and intraspecific competition in a young experimental plantation[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2017,385:1-9.
[30]陈明江,刘贵富,余泓,等.水稻高产优质的分子基础与品种设计[J].科学通报,2018,63(14):1276-1289.