棉花短季直播栽培模式对其农艺性状及干物质积累分配的影响
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摘要
为探索棉花短季直播高产栽培模式,采用多因子最优混合设计(311设计)研究了播期、栽培密度和施氮量对早熟品种JX0010的农艺性状、干物质积累分配的影响。结果表明,不同处理对棉花生育进程有一定影响,播种期是影响棉花生育期的主要因子,各处理生育进程随播种期的推迟而缩短。不同处理株高、果枝层数、果枝始节、果节数差异都达到了显著水平,栽培因子对株高、果枝始节高度、果节数的影响大小顺序为密度>施氮量>播期,对果枝层数影响的顺序为播期>密度>施氮量,适量的施氮、合理密植以及适当推迟播期能增大植株高度,增加棉株果节数。不同处理棉花地上部分单株干物质积累、群体干物质积累、单株营养器官干物质积累、生殖器官干物质积累变化趋势基本呈"S"型,不同处理干物质分配系数表现出随着生育进程的推进,营养器官所占比重降低,生殖器官所占比重逐渐升高的趋势。
This study explored the effect of the short-season and direct seeding cultivation on cotton agronomic traits.The 311 optimal regression design was performed to investigate the effects of sowing date,density and nitrogen application rate on agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation and distribution of early-maturing variety JX0010. The results showed that different treatments had a certain effect on the growth of cotton,and the sowing date was the main factor affecting the cotton growth stage,and the process of treatment was shortened with the delay of sowing date. There was significant difference in plant height,branch number,branch first number,branch node number between the different treatment. The results showed that the effect of the plant height,first branch node to the cultivation factors was in order of density > nitrogen > sowing date,branch numbers was in order of sowing date > density > nitrogen. The plant height and branch node number were increased with the proper increase of N application and density and delay sowing date. Dry matter accumulation of single plant,group,vegetative and reproductive organs of different treatment cotton showed "S"type curve. The distribution coefficient of different treatments showed that the proportion of vegetative organs decreased and the proportion of reproductive organs increased gradually along with the advancement of the growth process.
This study explored the effect of the short-season and direct seeding cultivation on cotton agronomic traits.The 311 optimal regression design was performed to investigate the effects of sowing date,density and nitrogen application rate on agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation and distribution of early-maturing variety JX0010. The results showed that different treatments had a certain effect on the growth of cotton,and the sowing date was the main factor affecting the cotton growth stage,and the process of treatment was shortened with the delay of sowing date. There was significant difference in plant height,branch number,branch first number,branch node number between the different treatment. The results showed that the effect of the plant height,first branch node to the cultivation factors was in order of density > nitrogen > sowing date,branch numbers was in order of sowing date > density > nitrogen. The plant height and branch node number were increased with the proper increase of N application and density and delay sowing date. Dry matter accumulation of single plant,group,vegetative and reproductive organs of different treatment cotton showed "S"type curve. The distribution coefficient of different treatments showed that the proportion of vegetative organs decreased and the proportion of reproductive organs increased gradually along with the advancement of the growth process.
引文
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[15]黎鸿慧,刘顺英,金卫平,等.不同播期对短季棉省早441生长发育的影响[J].中国棉花,2002,33(5):32-35.LI Honghui,LIU Shunying,JIN Weiping,et al.Effect of different sowing date on the growth and development of early 441growth in the short season cotton[J].China Cotton,2002,33(5):32-35.
[16]刘瑞显,史伟,徐立华,等.种植密度对棉花干物质、氮素积累与分配的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2011,27(2):250-257.LIU Ruixian,SHI Wei,XULihua,et al.Effects of planting density on cotton dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and distribution[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Journal,2011,27(2):250-257.
[17]王志才,李存东,张永红,等.种植密度对棉花主要群体质量指标的影响[J].棉花学报,2011,23(3):284-288.WANG Zhicai,LI Cundong,ZHANG Yonghong,et al.Effect of planting density on the quality of cotton main group[J].Cotton Journal,2011,23(3):284-288.
[2]中国农业科学院棉花研究所.中国棉花栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2013:376-526.Cotton Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Cotton Farming in China[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers,2013:376-526.
[3]余隆新,周明炎,杨平华,等.湖北省油后棉生产存在的问题与技术对策[J].湖北农业科学,2004,25(3)42-46.YU Longxin,ZHOU Mingyan,YANG Pinghua,et al.Problems and technical countermeasures on cotton production in Hubei province[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2004,25(3)42-46.
[4]肖才升,李育强,李痒,等.洞庭湖植棉区油后直播棉的发展前景探讨[J].中国棉花,2013,40(11):21-22.XIAO Caisheng,LI Yuqiang,LI Yang,et al.Discussion on the development prospect of cotton planting area of oil after the broadcast of the Dongting Lake[J].China cotton,2013,40(11):21-22.
[5]张志勇,王素芳,王清莲,等.豫北植棉区麦后直播短季棉高产高效简化栽培技术[J].中国棉花,2013,40(5):38-39.ZHANG Zhiyong,WANG Sufang,WANG Qinglian,et al.The region of North Henan cotton and wheat live short season cotton high yield,Simplified Cultivation Techniques[J].China Cotton,2013,40(5):38-39.
[6]刘爱玉,李瑞莲,邹西.棉花油后直播集中吐絮栽培技术[J].湖南农业科学,2014,35(4):41-43LIU Aiyu,LI Ruilian,ZOU Xi.The direct seeding of cotton after rape cultivation technology of concentrated wadding[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2014,35(4):41-43.
[7]李景龙,李飞,郭利双.棉花油后直播在湖南棉田生产机械化中的应用[J].湖南农业科学,2014,24(5)32-33.LI Jinglong,LI Fei,GUO Li Shuang.Application in Hunan cotton production mechanization in cotton oil[J].Hunan Agricultural Science,2014,24(5)32-33.
[8]阳会兵,马一学,陈金湘,等.油后棉种植方式和密度对产量效应的研究[J].棉花科学,2014,36(6):31-35.YANG Huibing,MA Yixue,CHEN Jinxiang,et al.Studies on the cotton planting mode and density of the oil after the oil production[J].The Cotton Science,2014,36(6):31-35.
[9]马一学,阳会兵,陈金湘.等.棉花种植方式和密度效应研究[J].作物研究,2014,28(3):269-271.MA Yixue,YANG Huibing,CHEN Jinxiang,et al.Study on the cultivation mode and density effect of cotton.[J].Crops Research,2014,28(3):269-271.
[10]阳会兵,马一学,陈金湘,等.种植方式与密度对油后棉生育特性及产量构成的影响[J].激光生物学报,2015,24(2):132-140.YANG Huibing,MA Yixue,CHEN Jinxiang,et al.Effect of planting density and planting mode on cotton growth characteristics and yield components of cotton after rape[J].ACTA LASER BIOLOGY,2015,24(2):132-140.
[11]邹西,刘爱玉,李瑞莲,等.棉花短季直播栽培技术与营养钵育苗移栽产量和效益比较研究[J].中国棉花,2014,41(8):32-34.ZOU Xi,LIU Aiyu,LI Ruilian,et al.Comparative study on Yield and benefit of short season cotton planting technology and nutrition bowl seedling transplanting[J].China Cotton,2014,41(8):32-34.
[12]董合忠,毛树春,张旺峰.棉花优化成铃栽培理论及其新发展[J].中国农业科学,2014,28(3):441-451.DONG Hezhong,MAO Shuchun,ZHANG Wangfeng.Cotton boll cultivation theory and its new development[J].Agricultural Sciences of China,2014,28(3):441-451.
[13]毛树春,棉花规范化高产栽培技术.[M].金盾出版社,2006:12.MAO Shuchun.High yield cultivation techniques of cotton[M].Jindun Publishers,2006:12.
[14]BANGE M P,CATON S J,MIBRORY S P.Managing yields of high fruit retention in transgenic cotton(GOSSYPIUMHIRSUTUM L.)using sowing date[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,2008,59:733-741.
[15]黎鸿慧,刘顺英,金卫平,等.不同播期对短季棉省早441生长发育的影响[J].中国棉花,2002,33(5):32-35.LI Honghui,LIU Shunying,JIN Weiping,et al.Effect of different sowing date on the growth and development of early 441growth in the short season cotton[J].China Cotton,2002,33(5):32-35.
[16]刘瑞显,史伟,徐立华,等.种植密度对棉花干物质、氮素积累与分配的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2011,27(2):250-257.LIU Ruixian,SHI Wei,XULihua,et al.Effects of planting density on cotton dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and distribution[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Journal,2011,27(2):250-257.
[17]王志才,李存东,张永红,等.种植密度对棉花主要群体质量指标的影响[J].棉花学报,2011,23(3):284-288.WANG Zhicai,LI Cundong,ZHANG Yonghong,et al.Effect of planting density on the quality of cotton main group[J].Cotton Journal,2011,23(3):284-288.