臭椿沟眶象幼虫消化道解剖方法
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摘要
臭椿沟眶象幼虫消化道柔软脆弱,尤其是1龄与2龄幼虫的消化道纤细易断,解剖难度较大。本文介绍了臭椿沟眶象幼虫消化道的具体解剖方法,根据不同龄期幼虫脂肪含量与消化道韧性差异,对1-2龄和3-7龄幼虫,分别使用纵切法和剥离法解剖。结果表明:臭椿沟眶象幼虫消化道分为前肠、中肠和后肠。前肠为窄而细的管状,没有明显的嗉囊和前胃。中肠分为2部分,前部膨大,后部为光滑的管状。后肠由回肠和直肠组成。马氏管6根。这两个方法提高了此幼虫消化道解剖的效率与成功率,希望能为具有体壁柔软、消化道脆弱易损等特点昆虫幼虫的消化道解剖提供借鉴与参考。
The digestive tract of Eucryptorrhynchus brandti larvae is difficult to dissect because individuals are very soft and fragile, especially 1~(st) and 2~(nd) instar larvae. We present a specific method for determining the gastrointestinal tract dissection of E. brandti larvae. According to differences in the fat content and toughness of the alimentary tract among larval instars, larvae from the 1~(st) to 2~(nd) instar were dissected by the slitting method and larvae from the 3~(rd) to 7~(th) instar were dissected by the decorticating method. The results showed that the digestive tract of the larvae of E. brandti was divided into foregut, midgut and hindgut. The foregut is a narrow and thin tube. Crop and proventriculus are not obvious. The midgut was divided into two parts that the anterior part is intumescent and the posterior part is a smooth tube. The hindgut is composed of ileum and rectum. 6 Malpighian tubules can be found in the digestive tract. These methods can improve the efficiency and success rate of characterizing the anatomical features of those digestive tract, and thereby can extend our understanding of the gastrointestinal tract dissection of larvae, which have a soft cuticle and fragile alimentary tract.
The digestive tract of Eucryptorrhynchus brandti larvae is difficult to dissect because individuals are very soft and fragile, especially 1~(st) and 2~(nd) instar larvae. We present a specific method for determining the gastrointestinal tract dissection of E. brandti larvae. According to differences in the fat content and toughness of the alimentary tract among larval instars, larvae from the 1~(st) to 2~(nd) instar were dissected by the slitting method and larvae from the 3~(rd) to 7~(th) instar were dissected by the decorticating method. The results showed that the digestive tract of the larvae of E. brandti was divided into foregut, midgut and hindgut. The foregut is a narrow and thin tube. Crop and proventriculus are not obvious. The midgut was divided into two parts that the anterior part is intumescent and the posterior part is a smooth tube. The hindgut is composed of ileum and rectum. 6 Malpighian tubules can be found in the digestive tract. These methods can improve the efficiency and success rate of characterizing the anatomical features of those digestive tract, and thereby can extend our understanding of the gastrointestinal tract dissection of larvae, which have a soft cuticle and fragile alimentary tract.
引文
Chen F. FineMorphology of Mouthparts and Their Sensilla in Five Species of Stored-product Beetles [D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2016. [陈帆. 5种储粮甲虫口器的超微形态和感器的研究 [D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2016]
Chen SZ, Qing YT, Zhu XY, et al. The structure of alimentary system and feeding analysis of the larva of Neoneuromus ignobilis [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2011, 48 (4): 1033-1037. [陈申芝, 卿玉弢, 朱晓英, 等. 普通齿蛉幼虫的消化系统结构和取食分析 [J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2011, 48 (4): 1033-1037]
Chen YY. A Comparative Study of the Alimentary Canalmorphology and Cellulase in Eucryptorrhnchus scrobiculatus and E.brandti [D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2016. [陈雅媛. 沟眶象和臭椿沟眶象消化道形态及纤维素酶的比较研究 [D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2016]
Jiang XJ, Zhou ZJ, Yang W. Study on the anatomical structure of Scleroderma sichuanensislarva and adult [J]. Guangxi Forestry Science, 2005, 34 (1): 17-20. [蒋学建, 周祖基, 杨伟. 川硬皮肿腿蜂雌蜂幼虫、成虫消化系统解剖结构研究 [J]. 广西林业科学, 2005, 34 (1): 17-20]
Li N. Harm and prevention methods of Eucryptorrhynchus brandti [J]. Modern Horticulture, 2011, 13: 60. [李娜. 臭椿沟眶象的危害与防治方法 [J]. 现代园艺, 2011, 13: 60]
Li QL. Comparative Morphology of Digestive System of Cicadomorpha with Different Feeding Habits (Insect: Hemiptera) [D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2015. [李庆龙. 不同取食习性的蝉次目昆虫消化系统比较形态学研究(昆虫纲:半翅目) [D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2015]
Liu JC, Ao CG. Convexlens fracture surface type water lens [J]. Teaching Instruments And Experiments, 1987, 2: 20-22. [刘济昌, 奥村功. 凸透镜断面型大型水透镜 [J]. 教育与装备研究, 1987, 2: 20-22]
Liu XL, Gu XS, Xu JY, et al. The lists of trunk borers of green plant and garden plants in Tianjin Area [J]. Tianjin Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 19 (8): 87-89. [刘晓琳, 谷希树, 许静杨, 等. 天津地区园林绿化植物蛀干害虫名录 [J]. 天津农业科学, 2013, 19 (8): 87-89]
Liu ZX, Yan F, Wang B. Practice and cogitation of modernization of forest protection in Erdos [J]. Inner Mongolia Forestry, 2012, 6: 14-15. [刘朝霞, 闫锋, 王斌. 鄂尔多斯市森防现代化建设的实践与思考 [J]. 内蒙古林业, 2012, 6: 14-15]
Luo W, Ji YC, Wen JB. Application of a frequency distribution method for determining instars of (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from several morphological variables [J]. Biocontrol Science & Technology, 2016, 26 (10): 1-12.
Lyu QH, Hua BZ. Ultrastructure of male accessory glands in the scorpionfly Sinopanorpa tincta (Navás, 1931) (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) [J]. Arthropod Structure & Development, 2017, 46 (4): 627-634.
Nardi JB, Bee CM, Taylor SJ. Compartmentalization of microbial communities that inhabit the hindguts of millipedes [J]. Arthropod Structure & Development, 2016, 45 (5): 462-474.
Pasteels JM, Deparis O, Mouchet SR,et al. Structural and physical evidence for an endocuticular gold reflector in the tortoise beetle, Charidotella ambita [J]. Arthropod Structure & Development, 2016, 45 (6): 509.
Rodrigues SR, Morón MA, Gomes ES,et al. Morphology of immature stages and mating behavior in Liogenys fusca, (Blanchard) (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae, Melolonthinae) [J]. Revista Brasileira De Entomologia, 2016, 60 (4): 284-289.
Roux O, Vantaux A, Petitclerc F,et al. Structural adaptations and mechanism of reflex bleeding in the larvae of the myrmecophilous ladybird Diomus thoracicus[J]. Arthropod Structure & Development, 2017, 46 (4): 529-536.
Su H, Chen P. The harm phenomenon and control measure of Eucryptorrhynchus brandti in Ningxia province [J]. Modern Gardening, 2013, 11: 109-110. [苏红, 陈璞. 宁夏地区臭椿沟眶象的危害情况及防治方法 [J]. 现代园艺, 2013, 11: 109-110]
Wang PY. Freehand dissection of insects [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 1958, 4: 49. [王平远. 昆虫的徒手解剖法 [J]. 应用昆虫学报, 1958, 4: 49]
Wang WP. Anatomical Observation on Digestive and Reproductive System of Odontermes pormosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Termitidae) [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2008. [王维平. 黑翅土白蚁消化及生殖系统结构的解剖观察 [D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2008]
Wang W. Effect of Hunger and Mating Behaviour on the Development of Flight Muscle in Agrotis ypsilon [D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2013. [王伟. 饥饿和交配行为对小地老虎飞行肌发育的影响 [D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2013]
Wang Y. The primary exploration of pest management of border trees in Beijing [J]. Journal of Beijing Agricultural Vocation College, 2010, 24 (5): 27-31. [王颖. 北京地区行道树病虫害管理初探 [J]. 北京农业职业学院学报, 2010, 24 (5): 27-31]
Wang YM, Wu L, Wu YY, et al. Ultrastructure of the Integument and Haemocoele in Dermatophagoides farina (Hughes) (Acariformes: Pyroglyohidae) [J]. Chinese Journal of Zoonoses, 2014, 30 (1): 23-26. [王月明, 吴琳, 吴莹莹, 等. 粉尘螨体壁及血体腔超微结构观察 [J]. 中国人兽共患病学报, 2014, 30 (1): 23-26]
Wu DY, Zhang X, An HL, et al. Investigation on the occurrence situation of Eucryptorrhynchus brandti on landscape trees in Hengshui Lake Wetlands [J]. Journal of Hengshui University, 2011, 13 (1): 1-3. [武大勇, 张勋, 安海龙, 等. 衡水湖湿地园林树木臭椿沟眶象发生状况调查 [J]. 衡水学院学报, 2011, 13 (1): 1-3]
Yang P. The Process and Mechanism of Development, Degeneration and Regeneration of Flight Muscle of the Rice Water Weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2005. [杨璞. 稻水象甲飞行肌发育、消解、再生过程及其机制研究 [D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2005]
Yao LQ, Zhang YS. Comparative anatomic studies on digestive systems of five species of Cockroaches [J]. Science and Technology of Termites, 1994, 3: 26-31. [姚力群, 张有森. 五种蜚蠊消化系统解剖的比较研究 [J]. 白蚁科技, 1994, 3: 26-31]
Zhang GW. Fine Structure of the Midgut and Malpighian Tubules of Panorpidae and Bittacidae (Mecoptera) [D]. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2014. [张国威. 蝎蛉科与蚊蝎蛉科中肠及马氏管精细结构研究(长翅目) [D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2014]
Zhang XF, Li T, Hu CL,et al. Study on the control and administration of Eucryptorrhynchus brandti [J]. Chinese Forest Pests and Diseases, 2001, s1: 9-11.[张小放, 李涛, 胡春铃, 等. 臭椿沟眶象防治工程的研究 [J]. 中国森林病虫, 2001, s1: 9-11]
Zhao YC, Chen YQ. Economic Insect Fauna of China. Fasc. 20 Coleoptera:Curculionidae (I) [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1980, I: 149-150. [赵养昌, 陈元清. 中国经济昆虫志. 第20册. 鞘翅目: 象虫科(I) [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1980, I: 149-150]
Zheng DP, Shi JY. Investigation and analysis of garden plant pests in Zhenzhou [J]. Journal of Seed Industry Guide, 2016, 7: 17-21. [郑代平, 时景燕. 郑州市园林植物害虫调查结果与分析 [J]. 种业导刊, 2016, 7: 17-21]
Zheng XL. Studies on Larval Respiratory Systems and Respiratory Behaviors of Two Aquatic Fireflies [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2009. [郑霞林. 两种水生萤火虫幼虫呼吸系统及呼吸行为的研究 [D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2009]
Zhong HY. Comparative Morphology and Ultrastructure of Digestive and Excretory Systems in Cicadomorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera) [D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2011. [钟海英. 蝉次目昆虫消化系统与排泄系统比较形态学及超微结构研究(昆虫纲:半翅目) [D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2011]
Zhou QH. Animal Dissection and Physiology [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2008: 1. [周其虎. 动物解剖生理 [M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2008: 1]
Zhu JF, Chen GY. Animal Dissection [M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2014: 1. [朱金凤, 陈功义. 动物解剖 [M]. 重庆: 重庆大学出版社, 2014: 1]
Chen SZ, Qing YT, Zhu XY, et al. The structure of alimentary system and feeding analysis of the larva of Neoneuromus ignobilis [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2011, 48 (4): 1033-1037. [陈申芝, 卿玉弢, 朱晓英, 等. 普通齿蛉幼虫的消化系统结构和取食分析 [J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2011, 48 (4): 1033-1037]
Chen YY. A Comparative Study of the Alimentary Canalmorphology and Cellulase in Eucryptorrhnchus scrobiculatus and E.brandti [D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2016. [陈雅媛. 沟眶象和臭椿沟眶象消化道形态及纤维素酶的比较研究 [D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2016]
Jiang XJ, Zhou ZJ, Yang W. Study on the anatomical structure of Scleroderma sichuanensislarva and adult [J]. Guangxi Forestry Science, 2005, 34 (1): 17-20. [蒋学建, 周祖基, 杨伟. 川硬皮肿腿蜂雌蜂幼虫、成虫消化系统解剖结构研究 [J]. 广西林业科学, 2005, 34 (1): 17-20]
Li N. Harm and prevention methods of Eucryptorrhynchus brandti [J]. Modern Horticulture, 2011, 13: 60. [李娜. 臭椿沟眶象的危害与防治方法 [J]. 现代园艺, 2011, 13: 60]
Li QL. Comparative Morphology of Digestive System of Cicadomorpha with Different Feeding Habits (Insect: Hemiptera) [D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2015. [李庆龙. 不同取食习性的蝉次目昆虫消化系统比较形态学研究(昆虫纲:半翅目) [D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2015]
Liu JC, Ao CG. Convexlens fracture surface type water lens [J]. Teaching Instruments And Experiments, 1987, 2: 20-22. [刘济昌, 奥村功. 凸透镜断面型大型水透镜 [J]. 教育与装备研究, 1987, 2: 20-22]
Liu XL, Gu XS, Xu JY, et al. The lists of trunk borers of green plant and garden plants in Tianjin Area [J]. Tianjin Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 19 (8): 87-89. [刘晓琳, 谷希树, 许静杨, 等. 天津地区园林绿化植物蛀干害虫名录 [J]. 天津农业科学, 2013, 19 (8): 87-89]
Liu ZX, Yan F, Wang B. Practice and cogitation of modernization of forest protection in Erdos [J]. Inner Mongolia Forestry, 2012, 6: 14-15. [刘朝霞, 闫锋, 王斌. 鄂尔多斯市森防现代化建设的实践与思考 [J]. 内蒙古林业, 2012, 6: 14-15]
Luo W, Ji YC, Wen JB. Application of a frequency distribution method for determining instars of (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from several morphological variables [J]. Biocontrol Science & Technology, 2016, 26 (10): 1-12.
Lyu QH, Hua BZ. Ultrastructure of male accessory glands in the scorpionfly Sinopanorpa tincta (Navás, 1931) (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) [J]. Arthropod Structure & Development, 2017, 46 (4): 627-634.
Nardi JB, Bee CM, Taylor SJ. Compartmentalization of microbial communities that inhabit the hindguts of millipedes [J]. Arthropod Structure & Development, 2016, 45 (5): 462-474.
Pasteels JM, Deparis O, Mouchet SR,et al. Structural and physical evidence for an endocuticular gold reflector in the tortoise beetle, Charidotella ambita [J]. Arthropod Structure & Development, 2016, 45 (6): 509.
Rodrigues SR, Morón MA, Gomes ES,et al. Morphology of immature stages and mating behavior in Liogenys fusca, (Blanchard) (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae, Melolonthinae) [J]. Revista Brasileira De Entomologia, 2016, 60 (4): 284-289.
Roux O, Vantaux A, Petitclerc F,et al. Structural adaptations and mechanism of reflex bleeding in the larvae of the myrmecophilous ladybird Diomus thoracicus[J]. Arthropod Structure & Development, 2017, 46 (4): 529-536.
Su H, Chen P. The harm phenomenon and control measure of Eucryptorrhynchus brandti in Ningxia province [J]. Modern Gardening, 2013, 11: 109-110. [苏红, 陈璞. 宁夏地区臭椿沟眶象的危害情况及防治方法 [J]. 现代园艺, 2013, 11: 109-110]
Wang PY. Freehand dissection of insects [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 1958, 4: 49. [王平远. 昆虫的徒手解剖法 [J]. 应用昆虫学报, 1958, 4: 49]
Wang WP. Anatomical Observation on Digestive and Reproductive System of Odontermes pormosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Termitidae) [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2008. [王维平. 黑翅土白蚁消化及生殖系统结构的解剖观察 [D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2008]
Wang W. Effect of Hunger and Mating Behaviour on the Development of Flight Muscle in Agrotis ypsilon [D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2013. [王伟. 饥饿和交配行为对小地老虎飞行肌发育的影响 [D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2013]
Wang Y. The primary exploration of pest management of border trees in Beijing [J]. Journal of Beijing Agricultural Vocation College, 2010, 24 (5): 27-31. [王颖. 北京地区行道树病虫害管理初探 [J]. 北京农业职业学院学报, 2010, 24 (5): 27-31]
Wang YM, Wu L, Wu YY, et al. Ultrastructure of the Integument and Haemocoele in Dermatophagoides farina (Hughes) (Acariformes: Pyroglyohidae) [J]. Chinese Journal of Zoonoses, 2014, 30 (1): 23-26. [王月明, 吴琳, 吴莹莹, 等. 粉尘螨体壁及血体腔超微结构观察 [J]. 中国人兽共患病学报, 2014, 30 (1): 23-26]
Wu DY, Zhang X, An HL, et al. Investigation on the occurrence situation of Eucryptorrhynchus brandti on landscape trees in Hengshui Lake Wetlands [J]. Journal of Hengshui University, 2011, 13 (1): 1-3. [武大勇, 张勋, 安海龙, 等. 衡水湖湿地园林树木臭椿沟眶象发生状况调查 [J]. 衡水学院学报, 2011, 13 (1): 1-3]
Yang P. The Process and Mechanism of Development, Degeneration and Regeneration of Flight Muscle of the Rice Water Weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2005. [杨璞. 稻水象甲飞行肌发育、消解、再生过程及其机制研究 [D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2005]
Yao LQ, Zhang YS. Comparative anatomic studies on digestive systems of five species of Cockroaches [J]. Science and Technology of Termites, 1994, 3: 26-31. [姚力群, 张有森. 五种蜚蠊消化系统解剖的比较研究 [J]. 白蚁科技, 1994, 3: 26-31]
Zhang GW. Fine Structure of the Midgut and Malpighian Tubules of Panorpidae and Bittacidae (Mecoptera) [D]. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2014. [张国威. 蝎蛉科与蚊蝎蛉科中肠及马氏管精细结构研究(长翅目) [D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2014]
Zhang XF, Li T, Hu CL,et al. Study on the control and administration of Eucryptorrhynchus brandti [J]. Chinese Forest Pests and Diseases, 2001, s1: 9-11.[张小放, 李涛, 胡春铃, 等. 臭椿沟眶象防治工程的研究 [J]. 中国森林病虫, 2001, s1: 9-11]
Zhao YC, Chen YQ. Economic Insect Fauna of China. Fasc. 20 Coleoptera:Curculionidae (I) [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1980, I: 149-150. [赵养昌, 陈元清. 中国经济昆虫志. 第20册. 鞘翅目: 象虫科(I) [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1980, I: 149-150]
Zheng DP, Shi JY. Investigation and analysis of garden plant pests in Zhenzhou [J]. Journal of Seed Industry Guide, 2016, 7: 17-21. [郑代平, 时景燕. 郑州市园林植物害虫调查结果与分析 [J]. 种业导刊, 2016, 7: 17-21]
Zheng XL. Studies on Larval Respiratory Systems and Respiratory Behaviors of Two Aquatic Fireflies [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2009. [郑霞林. 两种水生萤火虫幼虫呼吸系统及呼吸行为的研究 [D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2009]
Zhong HY. Comparative Morphology and Ultrastructure of Digestive and Excretory Systems in Cicadomorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera) [D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2011. [钟海英. 蝉次目昆虫消化系统与排泄系统比较形态学及超微结构研究(昆虫纲:半翅目) [D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2011]
Zhou QH. Animal Dissection and Physiology [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2008: 1. [周其虎. 动物解剖生理 [M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2008: 1]
Zhu JF, Chen GY. Animal Dissection [M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2014: 1. [朱金凤, 陈功义. 动物解剖 [M]. 重庆: 重庆大学出版社, 2014: 1]