黔西南州松材线虫病入侵规律及防范对策探究
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摘要
为预防黔西南州松材线虫病的入侵及蔓延,本研究利用历年来州内松材线虫疫点疫区监测资料及数据,对松材线虫病的传入扩散途径,爆发区的气象特征、松林组分及林龄结构等影响因子进行分析。研究发现:(1)交通便利,与外界交汇频繁的区域易发生病害;(2)第一季度的高温干旱,即日照时数少、降水量较少、气温高会增大松材线虫病发生的机率;(3)松林纯林比混交林受虫害侵害更重,20 a左右的松树易受虫害侵害,而长势较好的幼龄林受虫害危害较轻。此外,松褐天牛的虫口密度也会对松材线虫的蔓延产生重要影响。针对其发生特点,可以从强化检疫、加强病虫害预警、改良林地组分结构、防治松褐天牛等方面开展松材线虫的防治工作。
In order to prevent the invasion and spread of Pine wilt disease(PWD) in Qianxinan Prefecture,this study analyzed the introduction and spread paths of PWD, and the meteorological factors,pine forest component and forest age structure of the outbreak areas in Qianxinan Prefecture by using the monitoring data of epidemic areas in the past years. The results of the study showed that:(1)those areas having convenient transportation and better connections with the outside world are more likely to suffer the disease;(2)high temperature and dry conditions,that is lack of sunshine,low precipitation and high temperature,will increase the probability of the occurrence of PWD;(3)the pure pine forest is more sensitive to pest infestation than other mixed forest,particularly for the 20 years-old pine trees. In addition,the density of Monochamus alternatus have important influence on the spread of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.In view of those characteristics,the prevention and control measures can be carried out from the aspects of strengthening quarantine,enhancing the warning of disease and insect pests,improving the composition structure of forestland,and preventing Monochamus alternatus.
In order to prevent the invasion and spread of Pine wilt disease(PWD) in Qianxinan Prefecture,this study analyzed the introduction and spread paths of PWD, and the meteorological factors,pine forest component and forest age structure of the outbreak areas in Qianxinan Prefecture by using the monitoring data of epidemic areas in the past years. The results of the study showed that:(1)those areas having convenient transportation and better connections with the outside world are more likely to suffer the disease;(2)high temperature and dry conditions,that is lack of sunshine,low precipitation and high temperature,will increase the probability of the occurrence of PWD;(3)the pure pine forest is more sensitive to pest infestation than other mixed forest,particularly for the 20 years-old pine trees. In addition,the density of Monochamus alternatus have important influence on the spread of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.In view of those characteristics,the prevention and control measures can be carried out from the aspects of strengthening quarantine,enhancing the warning of disease and insect pests,improving the composition structure of forestland,and preventing Monochamus alternatus.
引文
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[9]郭进,葛明华,顾晓峰.我国松材线虫病的主要防治技术探析.现代园艺, 2017(21):139-140.
[10]来燕学.松材线虫病控制与扑灭的理论与实践(英文). Agricultural Science&Technology, 2017, 18(2):332-343.
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[12]叶晓红,陈波.遵义市松材线虫病风险分析及防控.生物灾害科学, 2017, 40(1):41-45.
[13]林雯,江銮銮,陆芃,等.松材线虫在福建省的适生区预测及风险评估.南方农业, 2016, 10(36):75-76.
[14]洪承昊,陈京元,赵勇,等.三峡库区松材线虫病扩张速度对人为活动的响应.生态学报, 2017, 37(20):6800-6808.
[15]田艳,陈桂芳,蒲永兰,等.松材线虫病的发生防治及对策——以重庆市为例.现代园艺, 2017(21):137-139.
[16]范海元,吴文香,宋美兰,等.松墨天牛在赣中地区(峡江县)的发生规律及防治技术.广西植保, 2016, 29(3):14-15.
[17]柏龙,田呈明,洪承昊,等.湖北宜昌松林景观格局对松材线虫流行及扩散的影响.生态学报, 2015, 35(24):8107-8116.
[18]展茂魁,杨忠岐,王小艺,等.松褐天牛成虫松材线虫病的传播能力.林业科学, 2014, 50(7):74-81.
[19]闫闯,宋崇康,罗致迪,等.松材线虫病疫木除害技术综述.安徽农业科学, 2017, 45(19):152-154.
[20]汤丹,李金鞠,古剑,等.松材线虫病对宜昌市林业生态的影响评估及风险管理.湖北林业科技, 2017, 46(3):33-37.
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[25]李娟,赵宇翔,陈小平,等.林业有害生物风险分析指标体系及赋分标准的探讨.中国森林病虫, 2013, 32(03):10-15.
[26] LY/T 2908-2017,主要树种龄级与龄组划分[S].北京:国家林业局, 2017.
[27]张思行.石泉县松材线虫病特点及防治技术研究[D].北京:北京林业大学, 2016.
[28]习妍,牛树奎.气候要素对松材线虫病疫情的影响研究.林业资源管理, 2008(04):70-76.
[2]孙红梅.松材线虫入侵蔓延与植被空间格局的关系研究[D].北京:北京林业大学, 2011.
[3]戴昕.我国为何如此重视松材线虫病的防治工作[EB/OL].[2018–06–02]. http://www.cctv.com/news/science/20020602/292.html.
[4]何善勇,温俊宝,骆有庆,等.气候变暖情境下松材线虫在我国的适生区范围.应用昆虫学报, 2012, 49(1):236-243.
[5]于治军,李硕,周艳涛,等.不同增温模式下我国松材线虫适生分布模拟与预测.东北林业大学学报, 2018, 46(1):85-91.
[6]何龙喜,吉静,邱秀文,等.世界松材线虫病发生概况及防治措施.林业科技开发, 2014, 28(3):8-13.
[7]张锴,梁军,严冬辉,等.中国松材线虫病研究.世界林业研究, 2010, 23(3):59-63.
[8]潘宏阳,叶建仁,吴小芹.中国松材线虫病空间分布格局.生态学报, 2009, 29(8):4325-4331.
[9]郭进,葛明华,顾晓峰.我国松材线虫病的主要防治技术探析.现代园艺, 2017(21):139-140.
[10]来燕学.松材线虫病控制与扑灭的理论与实践(英文). Agricultural Science&Technology, 2017, 18(2):332-343.
[11]王丹.吉林省松材线虫病入侵风险分析.吉林林业科技,2018, 47(1):30-32.
[12]叶晓红,陈波.遵义市松材线虫病风险分析及防控.生物灾害科学, 2017, 40(1):41-45.
[13]林雯,江銮銮,陆芃,等.松材线虫在福建省的适生区预测及风险评估.南方农业, 2016, 10(36):75-76.
[14]洪承昊,陈京元,赵勇,等.三峡库区松材线虫病扩张速度对人为活动的响应.生态学报, 2017, 37(20):6800-6808.
[15]田艳,陈桂芳,蒲永兰,等.松材线虫病的发生防治及对策——以重庆市为例.现代园艺, 2017(21):137-139.
[16]范海元,吴文香,宋美兰,等.松墨天牛在赣中地区(峡江县)的发生规律及防治技术.广西植保, 2016, 29(3):14-15.
[17]柏龙,田呈明,洪承昊,等.湖北宜昌松林景观格局对松材线虫流行及扩散的影响.生态学报, 2015, 35(24):8107-8116.
[18]展茂魁,杨忠岐,王小艺,等.松褐天牛成虫松材线虫病的传播能力.林业科学, 2014, 50(7):74-81.
[19]闫闯,宋崇康,罗致迪,等.松材线虫病疫木除害技术综述.安徽农业科学, 2017, 45(19):152-154.
[20]汤丹,李金鞠,古剑,等.松材线虫病对宜昌市林业生态的影响评估及风险管理.湖北林业科技, 2017, 46(3):33-37.
[21]黔西南州林业局.贵州省黔西南州第四次森林普查成果报告[R]. 2017.
[22]吴迎福.黔西南州主要林业有害生物风险分析[R]. 2016.
[23]黔西南州林业局.黔西南州林业有害生物普查[R]. 2016.
[24]习妍.浙江省舟山定海区松材线虫发生蔓延影响因素的初步研究[D].北京:北京林业大学, 2009:6.
[25]李娟,赵宇翔,陈小平,等.林业有害生物风险分析指标体系及赋分标准的探讨.中国森林病虫, 2013, 32(03):10-15.
[26] LY/T 2908-2017,主要树种龄级与龄组划分[S].北京:国家林业局, 2017.
[27]张思行.石泉县松材线虫病特点及防治技术研究[D].北京:北京林业大学, 2016.
[28]习妍,牛树奎.气候要素对松材线虫病疫情的影响研究.林业资源管理, 2008(04):70-76.