从庇护性就业到支持性就业——对广东省残疾人工作整合型社会企业的多个案研究
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摘要
为适应经济社会的转型发展和残疾人多层次的就业与康复需求,我国残疾人就业模式日益多元化。作为一种新兴的残疾人就业模式,工作整合型社会企业旨在为残疾人提供支持性就业,以促进残疾人的社会融合。作为一种新兴的组织类型,工作整合型社会企业兼具市场、社会与政府三重维度的混合价值取向,致力于运用市场机制解决残疾人所面临的社会问题。工作整合型社会企业在创新残疾人就业模式、促进残疾人社会融合、增加残疾人经济收入、提升残疾人康复服务等方面有着积极作用,但其发展仍处于初级阶段,在专业人员培养、商业运营能力、目标人群覆盖面、政策扶持及法律保障等方面面临不少挑战。整体而言,工作整合型社会企业及其倡导的支持性就业与"重康复、轻就业"的庇护性就业模式并非全然排斥,而是一种相辅相成、前后相继的共融关系,共同塑造我国残疾人就业的多元格局。
The Employment patterns for the disabled in China are becoming increasingly diverse in order to adapt to the changes in the economic and social development and meet the multi-level rehabilitation and employment demands of the disabled Work Integration Social Enterprise(WISE) is aimed at providing supported employment opportunities for the disabled and promoting social integration as an emerging employment pattern WISE is designed to solve the problems of the disabled by means of market mechanism and has a mixed value orientation which includes commercial value, social value and policy value WISE has played a positive role in innovating employment pattern, promoting social integration, increasing economic income, improving rehabilitation service for the disabled, but its development still faces many challenges in development of professionals, commercial operation capability, target population coverage, policy support and legal safeguards Generally speaking, the supported employment advocated by WISE and the sheltered employment are symbiotic relations rather than exclusion relations, they together shape the multiplex employment pattern for the disabled in China
The Employment patterns for the disabled in China are becoming increasingly diverse in order to adapt to the changes in the economic and social development and meet the multi-level rehabilitation and employment demands of the disabled Work Integration Social Enterprise(WISE) is aimed at providing supported employment opportunities for the disabled and promoting social integration as an emerging employment pattern WISE is designed to solve the problems of the disabled by means of market mechanism and has a mixed value orientation which includes commercial value, social value and policy value WISE has played a positive role in innovating employment pattern, promoting social integration, increasing economic income, improving rehabilitation service for the disabled, but its development still faces many challenges in development of professionals, commercial operation capability, target population coverage, policy support and legal safeguards Generally speaking, the supported employment advocated by WISE and the sheltered employment are symbiotic relations rather than exclusion relations, they together shape the multiplex employment pattern for the disabled in China
引文
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[16]徐永光 社会企业是公益通向新常态的桥梁 中国慈善家,2015,04:2-8
[17]朱健刚 社会企业在当代中国的阶段定位与价值取向 社会科学辑刊,2018,02:69-77
[18]雅克·迪夫尼 从第三部门到社会企业概念与方法 经济社会体制比较,2009,04:112-120
[19]官有垣 社会企业组织在经营管理的挑战:以喜憨儿社会福利基金会为案例 儿童及少年福利期刊,2008(14):63-84
[20]王仕图,官有垣,林家纬,张翠予 工作整合型社会企业的角色与功能--台湾与香港的比较分析 人文社会科学研究,2010,04:106-130
[21]陈定铭,翁仪君 工作整合型社会企业之合法性分析:以中国大陆残友集团为例 中国非营利评论,2017,02:32-35
[22]苏航 工作整合型社会企业的社会资本应用研究--以深圳残友集团为例 中国非营利评论,2017,06:132-136
[23]徐凤菊,徐颖,邹颖源 智障人士职业康复训练和辅助就业相结合的服务模式初探--以广州市康智乐务中心为例 改革与战略,2013,09:119-124
[24]熊文娟,李伦,雷江华 我国庇护工场的发展历程、优势及挑战,绥化学院学报,2014,04:10-14
[2]廖娟,赖德胜 残疾人就业服务体系的构建:从分割到融合 人口与发展,2010,06:84-96
[3]廖慧卿,罗观翠 从国家到市场--中国大陆残疾人集中就业政策变迁(1949-2007) 学习与实践,2010,10:94-100
[4]何燕,江琴娣 庇护式工场:残疾人福音 社会福利,2010(8):34-35
[5]吕明晓 以庇护性就业为突破点创多元就业模式 社会福利,2013,05:34-35
[6]符大伟 关于智力残疾人特殊就业的探讨 残疾人研究,2011,02:56-58
[7]颜海娜,潘晓静 残疾人庇护性就业模式发展的困境--以广州市番禺区康园工疗站为例 广州公共管理评论,2015,03:245-266
[8]张宝林 成年智障人士支持性就业在中国 中国残疾人,2016,09:34-35
[9]宋颂 国际残疾人支持性就业比较研究 残疾人研究,2015,01:66-69
[10]Wehman,P &Kregel,J “Toward.a.national.agendafor.supported.employment”,Journal.of.Vocational.Rehabilitation,2003,04,pp 231-242.
[11]Janelle.A Kerlin “Social.Enterprise.in.the.United.States.and.Europe:Understanding.and.Learning.from.the.Differences”,Voluntas,vol 17(September.2006),pp 247-263
[12]Emerson,J &F Twersky New.Social.Entrepreneurs:The.success,challenge.and.lessons.of.non-profit.enterprise.creation,San.Franciso:The.Roberts.Foundation 1996,pp32-33
[13]Dees,J Gregory The.Social.Enterprise.Spectrum:Philanthropy.to.Commerce,Boston:Harvard.Business.School,Publishing.Division,1996,9-393-343
[14]Kim.Alter,“Social.Enterprise.Typology”,Retrieved.from.http://rinovations edublogs org/files/2008/07/setypology pdf,2008,pp 14
[15]王名,朱晓红 社会企业论纲 中国非营利评论,2010,02:1-31
[16]徐永光 社会企业是公益通向新常态的桥梁 中国慈善家,2015,04:2-8
[17]朱健刚 社会企业在当代中国的阶段定位与价值取向 社会科学辑刊,2018,02:69-77
[18]雅克·迪夫尼 从第三部门到社会企业概念与方法 经济社会体制比较,2009,04:112-120
[19]官有垣 社会企业组织在经营管理的挑战:以喜憨儿社会福利基金会为案例 儿童及少年福利期刊,2008(14):63-84
[20]王仕图,官有垣,林家纬,张翠予 工作整合型社会企业的角色与功能--台湾与香港的比较分析 人文社会科学研究,2010,04:106-130
[21]陈定铭,翁仪君 工作整合型社会企业之合法性分析:以中国大陆残友集团为例 中国非营利评论,2017,02:32-35
[22]苏航 工作整合型社会企业的社会资本应用研究--以深圳残友集团为例 中国非营利评论,2017,06:132-136
[23]徐凤菊,徐颖,邹颖源 智障人士职业康复训练和辅助就业相结合的服务模式初探--以广州市康智乐务中心为例 改革与战略,2013,09:119-124
[24]熊文娟,李伦,雷江华 我国庇护工场的发展历程、优势及挑战,绥化学院学报,2014,04:10-14