基于元胞自动机的小学生群体应急疏散仿真研究
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摘要
针对各类拥堵踩踏事故的高发对象"小学生群体",在一般元胞自动机模型上的基础上,引入推搡挤压概念描述小学生运动过程中特有的行为特征,建立了相应的元胞自动机应急疏散模型。数值模拟重点研究了不同密度下发生挤压的人数对疏散效率的影响,并对疏散过程中出现的典型时空动力学特性进行了讨论。结果表明:在低密度下,发生推搡挤压的人数对疏散效率影响甚微;随着密度的增加,疏散过程中出现局部的拥挤,推搡挤压的人数比例增大将导致疏散效率显著下降;当学生初始密度为0.7,挤压人数比例为80%时,疏散效率相对无挤压人数情况下下降了近70%.
This paper aims at the primary student group,as one higher risk crowds in stampede accidents.The concept of squeezing is introduced to describe the behavioral characteristics for the " pupil groups" during the process of evacuation and an emergency evacuation cellular automata model is established.The numerical simulations focus on the influence of the number of squeezing students on the evacuation efficiency under different densities.The typical spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics in the process of evacuation are discussed.The numerical results show that at low density,the number of squeezing students has little effect on evacuation efficiency.With the increase of the density,local congestions appear and the increasing squeezing students will cause the evacuation efficiency to decrease significantly.Moreover,when the initial density is 0.7,compared with that without squeezing students,the evacuation efficiency for 80% squeezing students decreases by nearly 70%.
This paper aims at the primary student group,as one higher risk crowds in stampede accidents.The concept of squeezing is introduced to describe the behavioral characteristics for the " pupil groups" during the process of evacuation and an emergency evacuation cellular automata model is established.The numerical simulations focus on the influence of the number of squeezing students on the evacuation efficiency under different densities.The typical spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics in the process of evacuation are discussed.The numerical results show that at low density,the number of squeezing students has little effect on evacuation efficiency.With the increase of the density,local congestions appear and the increasing squeezing students will cause the evacuation efficiency to decrease significantly.Moreover,when the initial density is 0.7,compared with that without squeezing students,the evacuation efficiency for 80% squeezing students decreases by nearly 70%.
引文
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[2]杨紫洁,贾志绚.交通瓶颈处大、小型车插队行为的演化分析[J].太原科技大学学报,2014,35(1):49-53.
[3]JOHANSSON F,PETERSON A,TAPANI A.Waiting pedestrians in the social force model[J].Physica A,2015,419:95-107.
[4]汪蕾,张茜,郑杰慧.多出口选择群体疏散模型[J].浙江大学学报,2015,49(3):394-401.
[5]GUO F,LI X L,KUANG H,et al.An extended cost potential field cellular automata model considering behavior variation of pedestrian flow[J].Physica A,2016,462:630-640.
[6]TIAN H,DONG L,XUE Y.Influence of the exits'configuration on evacuation process in a room without obstacle[J].Physica A,2015,420:164-178.
[7]ZHANG P,JIAN X X,WANG S C,et al.Potential field cellular automata model for pedestrian flow[J].Physical Review E,2012,85:211-219.
[8]JIAN X X,WANG S C,ZHANG P,et al.Perceived cost potential field cellular automata model with an aggregated force field for pedestrian dynamics[J].Transportaion Research Part C,2014,42:200-210.
[9]KUANG H,LI X L,WEI Y F,et al.Effect of following strength on pedestrian counter flow[J].Chinese Physics B,2010,19(7):705-717.
[10]MA J,SONG W G,LIAO G X.Multi-grid simulation of pedestrian counter flow with topological interaction[J].Chinese Physics B,2010,19(12):8901-8908.
[11]KUANG H,LI X L,SONG T,et al.Analysis of pedestrian dynamics in counter flow via an extended lattice gas model[J].Physical Review E,2008,78(2):661-667.
[12]BURSTEDDE C,KLAUCK K,SCHADSCHNEIDER A,et al.Simulation of pedestrian dynamics using a two-dimensional cellular automaton[J].Physica A,2001,295:507-525.
[13]赵宜宾,黄猛,张鹤翔.基于元胞自动机的多出口人员疏散模型的研究[J].系统工程学报,2012,27(4):439-445.
[14]陈亮,唐铁桥,邵益晓.教室内桌椅结构对疏散效率的影响研究[J].山东科学,2015(6):87-92.
[15]董力耘,陈立,段晓茵.基于教室人群疏散实验的行人流建模和模拟[J].物理学报,2015(22):103-112.
[16]LI D,HAN B.Behavioral effect on pedestrian evacuation simulation using cellular automata[J].Safety Science,2015,80:41-55.