陕西红碱淖棕头鸥孵卵行为
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摘要
2014年5—6月,应用e-Science信息技术,对红碱淖棕头鸥的孵卵行为进行了研究。结果表明,不同孵化阶段昼夜间孵卵节律分别为:孵化前期换孵次数7.88±1.08(n=39)、5.00±0.89(n=39),坐巢方向变换27.75±2.04(n=39)、14.37±1.72(n=39),翻卵次数27.13±2.02(n=39)、11.25±1.08(n=39);孵化中期换孵次数3.11±0.19(n=65)、1.32±0.11(n=65),坐巢方向变换23.37±0.91(n=65)、10.95±0.86(n=65),翻卵次数21.11±1.11(n=65)、8.47±0.77(n=65);孵化后期换孵次数3.17±0.22(n=42)、0.95±0.05(n=42),坐巢方向变换20.06±1.46(n=42)、6.62±0.84(n=42),翻卵次数22.39±1.78(n=42)、5.33±0.55(n=42)。当大风或大雨时,对同一孵化阶段的换孵次数、坐巢方向变换和翻卵次数均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。双亲交替换孵主要集中于04:00—10:00、12:00—14:00等时间段内。孵化后期,亲鸟坐巢时长达到(713.29±40.62)min(n=42)。棕头鸥通过调节昼夜间的孵卵节律来控制卵的温度,以保证昼夜间卵胚胎的正常发育。同时与同域分布繁殖的遗鸥的孵卵节律进行了比较。
By using e-Science information technology,an investigation was made on the hatching behavior of brown-headed gull( Larus brunnicephalus) in the Hongjiannao of Shaanxi Province,Northwest China from May to June,2014. The diurnal hatching rhythms at different hatching stages were as follows. At daytime,the time of exchanging hatching at the early,medium,and late stages of hatching averaged 7. 88 ± 1. 08( n = 39),3. 11 ± 0. 19( n = 65),and 3. 17 ± 0. 22( n =42),the changes of sitting nest direction averaged 27.75±2.04( n = 39),23.37±0.91( n = 65),and 20.06±1.46( n = 42),and the times of turning eggs over averaged 27. 13 ± 2. 02( n = 39),21.11±1.11( n = 65),and 22.39±1.78( n = 42),respectively. At night,the times of exchanging hatching averaged 5.00 ± 0. 89( n = 39),1. 32 ± 0. 11( n = 65),and 0. 95 ± 0. 05( n = 42),the changes of sitting nest direction averaged 14. 37 ± 1. 72( n = 39),10. 95 ± 0. 86( n = 65),and6.62±0.84( n = 42),and the times of turning eggs over averaged 11.25±1.08( n = 39),8.47 ±0.77( n = 65),and 5.33 ± 0. 55( n = 42),respectively. On the days with strong wind or heavy rain,there existed significant differences in the times of exchanging hatching,the change of sitting nest direction,and the times of turning eggs over at the same hatching stages,as compared with those on fine days. The time intervals of exchanging hatching by the parents were mainly at04: 00—10: 00,and 12: 00—14: 00. At the late stage of hatching,the duration of sitting nest by the parents was as long as( 713.29±40.62) min( n = 42). It was suggested that the parents controlled the egg temperature via regulating the diurnal hatching rhythm to assure the normal development of egg embryo during daytime and night. At the same time,incubation rhythms of brownheaded gull were compared with those of sympatric relict gull.
By using e-Science information technology,an investigation was made on the hatching behavior of brown-headed gull( Larus brunnicephalus) in the Hongjiannao of Shaanxi Province,Northwest China from May to June,2014. The diurnal hatching rhythms at different hatching stages were as follows. At daytime,the time of exchanging hatching at the early,medium,and late stages of hatching averaged 7. 88 ± 1. 08( n = 39),3. 11 ± 0. 19( n = 65),and 3. 17 ± 0. 22( n =42),the changes of sitting nest direction averaged 27.75±2.04( n = 39),23.37±0.91( n = 65),and 20.06±1.46( n = 42),and the times of turning eggs over averaged 27. 13 ± 2. 02( n = 39),21.11±1.11( n = 65),and 22.39±1.78( n = 42),respectively. At night,the times of exchanging hatching averaged 5.00 ± 0. 89( n = 39),1. 32 ± 0. 11( n = 65),and 0. 95 ± 0. 05( n = 42),the changes of sitting nest direction averaged 14. 37 ± 1. 72( n = 39),10. 95 ± 0. 86( n = 65),and6.62±0.84( n = 42),and the times of turning eggs over averaged 11.25±1.08( n = 39),8.47 ±0.77( n = 65),and 5.33 ± 0. 55( n = 42),respectively. On the days with strong wind or heavy rain,there existed significant differences in the times of exchanging hatching,the change of sitting nest direction,and the times of turning eggs over at the same hatching stages,as compared with those on fine days. The time intervals of exchanging hatching by the parents were mainly at04: 00—10: 00,and 12: 00—14: 00. At the late stage of hatching,the duration of sitting nest by the parents was as long as( 713.29±40.62) min( n = 42). It was suggested that the parents controlled the egg temperature via regulating the diurnal hatching rhythm to assure the normal development of egg embryo during daytime and night. At the same time,incubation rhythms of brownheaded gull were compared with those of sympatric relict gull.
引文
毕中霖,孙悦华,贾陈喜,等.2003.莲花山云南柳莺的孵卵行为.动物学杂志,38(6):33-38.
何芬奇,张荫荪.1998.有关棕头鸥和遗鸥两近似种的分类与分布问题研究.动物分类学报,23(1):104-112.
贾陈喜,王众,孙悦华.2003.灰蓝姬鹟的孵卵节律.四川动物,22(4):238-241.
廖炎发,王侠.1983.棕头鸥的繁殖生态.野生动物,1(2):45-50.
刘文盈,张秋良,邢小军,等.2008.鄂尔多斯高原盐沼湿地底栖动物多样性特征与遗鸥繁殖期觅食的相关性研究干旱区资源与环境,22(4):185-190.
孙悦华,方昀,Klaus S,等.2002.自动温度记录技术在斑尾榛鸡产卵孵卵节律研究中的应用.北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,38(2):260-265.
孙悦华,贾陈喜,方昀,等.2005.甘肃莲花山蓝马鸡孵卵节律的初步研究.动物学杂志,40(4):29-33.
汪青雄,肖红,杨超.2012.陕西红碱淖同域分布遗鸥与棕头鸥巢址选择比较.生态学杂志,31(4):949-953.
汪青雄,杨超,肖红,等.2013.红碱淖遗鸥孵卵行为.生态学杂志,32(2):375-379.
张国钢,刘冬平,江红星,等.2008.青海湖棕头鸥(Larusbrunnicephalus)夏秋季活动区研究.生态学报,28(6):2629-2634.
Afton AD.1980.Factors affecting incubation rhythms of northernshovelers.Condor,82:132-137.
Beer CG.1965.Clutch size and incubation behavior in blackbilled gull(Larus bulleri).Auk,82:1-18.
Brown PW,Fredrickson LH.1987.Time budget and incubationbehavior of breeding white-winged scoters.Wilson Bulletin,99:50-55.
Bryant DM.1979.Reproductive costs in the house martin(Delichon urbica).Journal of Animal Ecology,48:655-675.
Conway CJ,Martin TE.2000.Evolution of passerine incubationbehavior:Lnfluence of food,temperature and nest preda-tion.Evolution,54:670-685.
Deeming DC.2002.Avian Incubation.UK:Oxford UniversitPress.
Drent RH,Tinbergen JM,Biebach H.1985.Incubation in thstarling Sturnis vulgaris:Resolution of the conflict betweeegg care and foraging.Netherlands Journal of Zoology,35103-123.
Ettinger AO,King JR.1980.Time and energy budgets of thwillow flycatcher(Empidonax traillii)during the breedinseason.Auk,97:533-546.
Hey T,Trefethen A.2003.e-Science and its implicationsPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,361:180-1825.
Vleck CM.1981.Energetic cost of incubation in the zebra finchCondor,83:229-237.
Williams JB.1993.Energetics of incubation in free-livinorange-breasted sunbirds in South Africa.Condor,95:11-126.
何芬奇,张荫荪.1998.有关棕头鸥和遗鸥两近似种的分类与分布问题研究.动物分类学报,23(1):104-112.
贾陈喜,王众,孙悦华.2003.灰蓝姬鹟的孵卵节律.四川动物,22(4):238-241.
廖炎发,王侠.1983.棕头鸥的繁殖生态.野生动物,1(2):45-50.
刘文盈,张秋良,邢小军,等.2008.鄂尔多斯高原盐沼湿地底栖动物多样性特征与遗鸥繁殖期觅食的相关性研究干旱区资源与环境,22(4):185-190.
孙悦华,方昀,Klaus S,等.2002.自动温度记录技术在斑尾榛鸡产卵孵卵节律研究中的应用.北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,38(2):260-265.
孙悦华,贾陈喜,方昀,等.2005.甘肃莲花山蓝马鸡孵卵节律的初步研究.动物学杂志,40(4):29-33.
汪青雄,肖红,杨超.2012.陕西红碱淖同域分布遗鸥与棕头鸥巢址选择比较.生态学杂志,31(4):949-953.
汪青雄,杨超,肖红,等.2013.红碱淖遗鸥孵卵行为.生态学杂志,32(2):375-379.
张国钢,刘冬平,江红星,等.2008.青海湖棕头鸥(Larusbrunnicephalus)夏秋季活动区研究.生态学报,28(6):2629-2634.
Afton AD.1980.Factors affecting incubation rhythms of northernshovelers.Condor,82:132-137.
Beer CG.1965.Clutch size and incubation behavior in blackbilled gull(Larus bulleri).Auk,82:1-18.
Brown PW,Fredrickson LH.1987.Time budget and incubationbehavior of breeding white-winged scoters.Wilson Bulletin,99:50-55.
Bryant DM.1979.Reproductive costs in the house martin(Delichon urbica).Journal of Animal Ecology,48:655-675.
Conway CJ,Martin TE.2000.Evolution of passerine incubationbehavior:Lnfluence of food,temperature and nest preda-tion.Evolution,54:670-685.
Deeming DC.2002.Avian Incubation.UK:Oxford UniversitPress.
Drent RH,Tinbergen JM,Biebach H.1985.Incubation in thstarling Sturnis vulgaris:Resolution of the conflict betweeegg care and foraging.Netherlands Journal of Zoology,35103-123.
Ettinger AO,King JR.1980.Time and energy budgets of thwillow flycatcher(Empidonax traillii)during the breedinseason.Auk,97:533-546.
Hey T,Trefethen A.2003.e-Science and its implicationsPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,361:180-1825.
Vleck CM.1981.Energetic cost of incubation in the zebra finchCondor,83:229-237.
Williams JB.1993.Energetics of incubation in free-livinorange-breasted sunbirds in South Africa.Condor,95:11-126.