四川瓦屋山金色林鸲的巢址选择和繁殖记录
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摘要
2010~2011年4~7月,在四川省瓦屋山自然保护区对金色林鸲(Tarsiger chrysaeus)的繁殖生态和巢址选择进行了研究。共发现26巢,金色林鸲2010年和2011年的繁殖成功率分别为43.8%和44.4%,孵化率分别为52.5%和60.0%;育雏成功率分别为85.7%和100.0%。主成分分析表明,影响金色林鸲巢址选择的主要因子包括巢位因素、苔藓盖度因素和乔木郁闭度因素。步道两侧的土坎为金色林鸲巢址选择提供了适宜条件。在瓦屋山,人类活动是影响金色林鸲繁殖、巢址选择、巢的分布和数量的重要因素,并存在两面性;人行步道的修建为金色林鸲提供了更多适宜的巢址,而游客的频繁活动限制了金色林鸲的繁殖活动。
During the breeding seasons of 2010 and 2011, we studied breeding ecology and nest site selection of the golden bush robin(Tarsiger chrysaeus) at Wawushan Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province. Our study area was at the virgin forest of Wawushan Plateau with the altitude about 2 800 m. Altogether 26 nests were found, 17 in 2010 and 9 in 2011. The breeding success rates in 2010 and 2011 were 43.8% and 44.4%, with the hatching rates of 52.5% and 60.0%, and brood success rates over 85.7%. There was no significant difference between the clutch size, egg parameters and breeding success between the two years(Table 1). The cavity nests of the golden bush robin were mostly found at the soil slopes along the walking paths(Fig. 1) with the nest parameters shown by Table 2. We measured the nest site selection parameters(such as nest height, distance to path and running water, and vegetation information) and compared them with contrastive samples along the path at a random distance; however, no significant difference was found(Table 3). The principal component analysis showed that the main factors affecting the nest-site selection of the golden bush robin including nest location, moss cover and arbor cover(Table 4, 5). We suggested that the construction of the walking path provided lots of suitable nesting sites for the bird. At Wawushan, the great number of tourists in May severely affected the nest sites distribution of the golden bush robin. We suggested that to limit the number of tourists during the breeding period of birds.
During the breeding seasons of 2010 and 2011, we studied breeding ecology and nest site selection of the golden bush robin(Tarsiger chrysaeus) at Wawushan Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province. Our study area was at the virgin forest of Wawushan Plateau with the altitude about 2 800 m. Altogether 26 nests were found, 17 in 2010 and 9 in 2011. The breeding success rates in 2010 and 2011 were 43.8% and 44.4%, with the hatching rates of 52.5% and 60.0%, and brood success rates over 85.7%. There was no significant difference between the clutch size, egg parameters and breeding success between the two years(Table 1). The cavity nests of the golden bush robin were mostly found at the soil slopes along the walking paths(Fig. 1) with the nest parameters shown by Table 2. We measured the nest site selection parameters(such as nest height, distance to path and running water, and vegetation information) and compared them with contrastive samples along the path at a random distance; however, no significant difference was found(Table 3). The principal component analysis showed that the main factors affecting the nest-site selection of the golden bush robin including nest location, moss cover and arbor cover(Table 4, 5). We suggested that the construction of the walking path provided lots of suitable nesting sites for the bird. At Wawushan, the great number of tourists in May severely affected the nest sites distribution of the golden bush robin. We suggested that to limit the number of tourists during the breeding period of birds.
引文
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Cox J H,Rai D S.2008.The first documented nest of Rufous-breasted Bush Robin Tarsiger hyperythrus,from east Nepal.Forktail,24:108-109.
Doligez B,Danchin E,Clobert J,et al.1999.The use of conspecific reproductive success for breeding habitat selection in a non-colonial,hole-nesting species,the Collared Flycatcher.Journal of Animal Ecology,68(6):1193-1206.
Geist C,Liao J,Libby S,et al.2005.Does in truder group size and orientation affect flight initiation distance in birds?Animal Biodiversity and Conservation,28(1):69-73.
Keyser A J,Hill G E,Soehren E C.1998.Effects of forest fragment size,nest density,and proximity to edge on the risk of predation to ground-nesting passerine birds.Conservation Biology,12(5):986-994.
Li P,Martin T E.1991.Nest-site selection and nesting success of cavity-nesting birds in high elevation forest drainages.The Auk,108(2):405-418.
Martin T E,Li P.1992.Life history traits of open-vs.cavity-nesting birds.Ecology,73(2):579-592.
Martin T E,Roper J J.1988.Nest predation and nest site selection of a western population of the hermit thrush.Conder,90(1):51-57.
Miller S G,Knight R L,Miller C K.1998.Influence of recreational trails on breeding bird communities.Ecological Applications,8(1):162-169.
Newton I.1994.The role of nest sites in limiting the numbers of hole-nesting birds:a review.Biological Conservation,70(3):265-276.
Palomino D,Carrascal L M.2007.Impact of recreation on forest bird communities:non-detrimental effects of trails and picnic areas.Acta Zoological Sinica,53(1):54-63.
P?ys?H,P?ys?S.2002.Nest-site limitation and density dependence of reproductive output in the common goldeneye Bucephala clangula:implications for the management of cavity-nesting birds.Journal of Applied Ecology,39(3):502-510.
Roberts T J.1992.The Birds of Pakistan.Vol.2,Passeriformes.Karachi Pakistan:Oxford University Press.
Robson C.2008.A Field Guide to the Birds of South-East Asia.London:New Holland Publishers.
Sanders M D,Maloney R F.2002.Causes of mortality at nests of ground-nesting birds in the Upper Waitaki Basin,South Island,New Zealand:a 5-year video study.Biological Conservation106(2):225-236.
Sieving K E,Willson M F.1998.Nest predation and avian species diversity in northwestern forest understory.Ecology,79(7):2391-2402.
Whitfield D P,Ruddock M,Bullman R.2008.Expert opinion as a tool for quantifying bird tolerance to human disturbance.Biological Conservation,141(11):2708-2717.
高玮,李方满.1983.红胁蓝尾够繁殖生态习性的观察.动物学杂志,18(3):7-10.
蒋迎昕,孙悦华,毕中霖.2005.四川瓦屋山金色林鸲的繁殖生态及孵卵节律.动物学杂志,40(2):6-10.
李桂垣.1995.四川鸟类原色图鉴.北京:中国林业出版社.
佟富春,高玮,肖以华,等.2002.吉林白城地区草原栗斑腹鹀窝卵数、营巢成功率和繁殖成功率的研究.应用生态学报,13(3):281-284.
约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇.2000.中国鸟类野外手册.长沙:湖南教育出版社.
张晓爱.1982.高寒草甸十种雀形目鸟类繁殖生物学的研究.动物学报,28(2):190-199.
赵正阶.2001.中国鸟类志.长春:吉林科学技术出版社.
Cox J H,Rai D S.2008.The first documented nest of Rufous-breasted Bush Robin Tarsiger hyperythrus,from east Nepal.Forktail,24:108-109.
Doligez B,Danchin E,Clobert J,et al.1999.The use of conspecific reproductive success for breeding habitat selection in a non-colonial,hole-nesting species,the Collared Flycatcher.Journal of Animal Ecology,68(6):1193-1206.
Geist C,Liao J,Libby S,et al.2005.Does in truder group size and orientation affect flight initiation distance in birds?Animal Biodiversity and Conservation,28(1):69-73.
Keyser A J,Hill G E,Soehren E C.1998.Effects of forest fragment size,nest density,and proximity to edge on the risk of predation to ground-nesting passerine birds.Conservation Biology,12(5):986-994.
Li P,Martin T E.1991.Nest-site selection and nesting success of cavity-nesting birds in high elevation forest drainages.The Auk,108(2):405-418.
Martin T E,Li P.1992.Life history traits of open-vs.cavity-nesting birds.Ecology,73(2):579-592.
Martin T E,Roper J J.1988.Nest predation and nest site selection of a western population of the hermit thrush.Conder,90(1):51-57.
Miller S G,Knight R L,Miller C K.1998.Influence of recreational trails on breeding bird communities.Ecological Applications,8(1):162-169.
Newton I.1994.The role of nest sites in limiting the numbers of hole-nesting birds:a review.Biological Conservation,70(3):265-276.
Palomino D,Carrascal L M.2007.Impact of recreation on forest bird communities:non-detrimental effects of trails and picnic areas.Acta Zoological Sinica,53(1):54-63.
P?ys?H,P?ys?S.2002.Nest-site limitation and density dependence of reproductive output in the common goldeneye Bucephala clangula:implications for the management of cavity-nesting birds.Journal of Applied Ecology,39(3):502-510.
Roberts T J.1992.The Birds of Pakistan.Vol.2,Passeriformes.Karachi Pakistan:Oxford University Press.
Robson C.2008.A Field Guide to the Birds of South-East Asia.London:New Holland Publishers.
Sanders M D,Maloney R F.2002.Causes of mortality at nests of ground-nesting birds in the Upper Waitaki Basin,South Island,New Zealand:a 5-year video study.Biological Conservation106(2):225-236.
Sieving K E,Willson M F.1998.Nest predation and avian species diversity in northwestern forest understory.Ecology,79(7):2391-2402.
Whitfield D P,Ruddock M,Bullman R.2008.Expert opinion as a tool for quantifying bird tolerance to human disturbance.Biological Conservation,141(11):2708-2717.
高玮,李方满.1983.红胁蓝尾够繁殖生态习性的观察.动物学杂志,18(3):7-10.
蒋迎昕,孙悦华,毕中霖.2005.四川瓦屋山金色林鸲的繁殖生态及孵卵节律.动物学杂志,40(2):6-10.
李桂垣.1995.四川鸟类原色图鉴.北京:中国林业出版社.
佟富春,高玮,肖以华,等.2002.吉林白城地区草原栗斑腹鹀窝卵数、营巢成功率和繁殖成功率的研究.应用生态学报,13(3):281-284.
约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇.2000.中国鸟类野外手册.长沙:湖南教育出版社.
张晓爱.1982.高寒草甸十种雀形目鸟类繁殖生物学的研究.动物学报,28(2):190-199.
赵正阶.2001.中国鸟类志.长春:吉林科学技术出版社.