红碱淖遗鸥孵卵行为
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摘要
2012年5—6月,应用e-Science信息技术,对红碱淖遗鸥的孵卵行为进行了研究。结果表明,不同孵化阶段昼夜间孵卵节律分别为:孵化前期换孵次数6.40±0.45(n=68)、2.37±0.20(n=62),坐巢方向变换35.34±2.12(n=68)、16.16±0.67(n=62),翻卵次数10.81±0.50(n=68)、6.58±0.40(n=62);孵化中期换孵次数2.20±0.12(n=66)、0.52±0.06(n=60),坐巢方向变换18.73±0.85(n=66)、4.28±0.31(n=60),翻卵次数10.14±0.55(n=66)、4.22±0.30(n=60);孵化后期换孵次数1.81±0.10(n=48)、0.53±0.07(n=47),坐巢方向变换15.17±0.75(n=48)、3.87±0.34(n=47),翻卵次数8.65±0.51(n=48)、3.26±0.22(n=47)。当大风或大雨时,对同一孵化阶段的换孵次数、坐巢方向变换和翻卵次数均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。双亲交替换孵主要集中于04:00—06:00、08:00—10:00、12:00—14:00等时间段内。孵化后期,亲鸟坐巢时长达到601.14±31.16min(n=56)。遗鸥通过调节昼夜间的孵卵节律来控制卵的温度,以保证昼夜间卵胚胎的正常发育。
By using e-Science information technology,an investigation was made on the hatching behavior of relict gull(Larus relictus) in the Hongjiannao of Shannxi Province,Northwest China from May to June,2012.The diurnal hatching rhythms at different hatching stages were as the follows.At daytime,the times of exchanging hatching at the early,medium,and late stages of hatching averaged 6.40±0.45(n=68),2.20±0.12(n=66),and 1.81±0.10(n=48),the changes of sitting nest direction averaged 35.34±2.12(n=68),18.73±0.85(n=66),and 15.17±0.75(n=48),and the times of turning eggs over averaged 10.81±0.50(n=68),10.14±0.55(n=66),and 8.65±0.51(n=48),respectively.At night,the times of exchanging hatching averaged 2.37±0.20(n=62),0.52±0.06(n=60),and 0.53±0.07(n=47),the changes of sitting nest direction averaged 16.16±0.67(n=62),4.28±0.31(n=60),and 3.87±0.34(n=47),and the times of turning eggs over averaged 6.58±0.40(n=62),4.22±0.30(n=60),and 3.26±0.22(n=47),respectively.On the days with strong wind and heavy rain,there existed significant differences in the times of exchanging hatching,the changes of sitting nest direction,and the times of turning eggs over at the same hatching stages,as compared with those on fine days.The time intervals of exchanging hatching by the parents were mainly 04:00-06:00,08:00-10:00,and 12:00-14:00.At the late stage of hatching,the duration of sitting nest by the parents was as long as 601.14±31.16 min(n=56).It was suggested that the parents controlled the egg temperature via regulating the diurnal hatching rhythm to assure the normal development of egg embryo during daytime and night.
By using e-Science information technology,an investigation was made on the hatching behavior of relict gull(Larus relictus) in the Hongjiannao of Shannxi Province,Northwest China from May to June,2012.The diurnal hatching rhythms at different hatching stages were as the follows.At daytime,the times of exchanging hatching at the early,medium,and late stages of hatching averaged 6.40±0.45(n=68),2.20±0.12(n=66),and 1.81±0.10(n=48),the changes of sitting nest direction averaged 35.34±2.12(n=68),18.73±0.85(n=66),and 15.17±0.75(n=48),and the times of turning eggs over averaged 10.81±0.50(n=68),10.14±0.55(n=66),and 8.65±0.51(n=48),respectively.At night,the times of exchanging hatching averaged 2.37±0.20(n=62),0.52±0.06(n=60),and 0.53±0.07(n=47),the changes of sitting nest direction averaged 16.16±0.67(n=62),4.28±0.31(n=60),and 3.87±0.34(n=47),and the times of turning eggs over averaged 6.58±0.40(n=62),4.22±0.30(n=60),and 3.26±0.22(n=47),respectively.On the days with strong wind and heavy rain,there existed significant differences in the times of exchanging hatching,the changes of sitting nest direction,and the times of turning eggs over at the same hatching stages,as compared with those on fine days.The time intervals of exchanging hatching by the parents were mainly 04:00-06:00,08:00-10:00,and 12:00-14:00.At the late stage of hatching,the duration of sitting nest by the parents was as long as 601.14±31.16 min(n=56).It was suggested that the parents controlled the egg temperature via regulating the diurnal hatching rhythm to assure the normal development of egg embryo during daytime and night.
引文
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Williams JB.1993.Energetics of incubation in free-livingorange-breasted sunbirds in South Africa.Condor,95:115-126.
Vleck CM.1981.Energetic cost of incubation in the zebrafinch.Condor,83:229-237.
贾陈喜,王众,孙悦华.2003.灰蓝姬鹟的孵卵节律.四川动物,22(4):238-241.
孙悦华,方昀,Klaus S,等.2002.自动温度记录技术在斑尾榛鸡产卵孵卵节律研究中的应用.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),38(2):260-265.
孙悦华,贾陈喜,方昀,等.2005.甘肃莲花山蓝马鸡孵卵节律的初步研究.动物学杂志,40(4):29-33.
张荫荪,丁文宁,陈容伯,等.1993.遗鸥(Larus relictus)繁殖生态学研究.动物学报,39(2):154-159.
汪青雄,肖红,杨超.2012.陕西红碱淖同域分布遗鸥与棕头鸥巢址选择比较.生态学杂志,31(4):949-953.
王金一,欧阳欣,杨涛,等.2008.中科院青海湖联合科研基础网络视频监控系统.科研信息化技术与应用,1(1):70-75.
刘文盈,张秋良,邢小军,等.2008.鄂尔多斯高原盐沼湿地底栖动物多样性特征与遗鸥繁殖期觅食的相关性研究.干旱区资源与环境,22(4):185-190.
Afton AD.1980.Factors affecting incubation rhythms of north-ern shovelers.Condor,82:132-137.
Beer CG.1965.Clutch size and incubation behavior in black-billed gull(Larus bulleri).Auk,82:1-18.
Brown PW,Fredrickson LH.1987.Time budget and incubationbehavior of breeding White-winged scoters.Wilson Bulle-tin,99:50-55.
Bryant DM.1979.Reproductive costs in the house martin(De-lichon urbica).Journal of Animal Ecology,48:655-675.
Conway CJ,Martin TE.2000.Evolution of passerine incubationbehavior:Influence of food,temperature and nest preda-tion.Evolution,54:670-685.
Deeming DC.2002.Avian Incubation.UK:Oxford UniversityPress.
Drent RH,Tinbergen JM,Biebach H.1985.Incubation in thestarling Sturnis vulgaris:Resolution of the conflict between egg care and foraging.Netherlands Journal of Zoology,35:103-123.
Ettinger AO,King JR.1980.Time and energy budgets of thewillow flycatcher(Empidonax traillii)during the breedingseason.Auk,97:533-546.
Hey T,Trefethen A.2003.e-Science and its implications.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,361:1809-1825.
Williams JB.1993.Energetics of incubation in free-livingorange-breasted sunbirds in South Africa.Condor,95:115-126.
Vleck CM.1981.Energetic cost of incubation in the zebrafinch.Condor,83:229-237.