宁南黄土丘陵沟壑区土地类型与土地利用耦合分析
|
摘要
宁南山区是我国主要贫困片区之一,经过多年退耕还林(草)、生态移民和城镇化建设,需要进一步调整土地利用.通过高分遥感影像,解译宁南山区固原市土地类型和土地利用现状,分析了二者的耦合关系.结果表明:易于从事粮食作物生产的河川地、沟台地、塬地、壕掌地和梯田总面积3 696.31km~2,占全市国土面积的35.14%,该5种土地类型中,耕地2 984.88km~2,占这5种土地类型总面积的71.76%,占固原市总耕地面积的80.75%;需要坡改梯或采取其他水土保持措施后作为耕地的梁峁和土石丘陵缓坡地面积1 574.84km~2,占国土面积的14.96%,其中耕地面积485.73km~2.难以从事粮食作物生产的梁峁陡坡地、梁峁坬地、沟坡地、土石质丘陵陡坡地、土石丘陵坬地、石质山地总面积5 115.4km~2,占国土面积的48.61%,这6种土地类型中耕地总面积1 160.23km~2,占宁南山区固原市耕地面积的11.02%.在耦合分析的基础上,指出了土地利用调整潜在面积和需要进行生态保护的土地类型、面积及空间分布,为产业结构调整、精准扶贫和生态保护提供科学依据.
Ningnan hilly-gully region(10 524.38 km~2)in southern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is one of the most impoverished areas in China.After years of gain due to green project,ecological migration and urbanization,it is necessary to further adjust land use.Coupling relationship between land type and land use in Ningnan hilly-gully area was analyzed with data from high-resolution remote sensing images and DEM in 2016.The total easy farming area was found to be composed of lower river terrace land,higher river terrace land,tableland,flat hill slope land and terraced field(3 696.31 km~2),accounting for 35.14% of the total land of Ningnan hilly-gully area.Cultivated land was 2 984.88 km~2,accounting for 71.76%of total land of the above 5 types of easy tillage land types,which accounted for 80.75% of the total cultivated land of Ningnan area.The total area of moderate hill slope(slope degree≤15°)land and moderate earth-rock hill slope land(slope degree≤15°)was 1 574.84 km~2,accounting for 14.96% of Ningnan region,among which 485.73 km~2 was cultivated but prone to soil erosion and further land degradation.This 485.73 km~2 cultivated land should be changed to other land use unless proper conservation measures are adopted.The total area of steep hill slope land(slope degree 15-25°),extremely steep hill slope(slope degree >25°),gully slope land(slope degree >25°),steep earth-rock slope land(slope 15-25°),extremely steep earth-rock slope land(slope>25°)and rocky mountain land was 5 115.4 km~2,accounting for 48.61% of the total area of Ningnan region.Cultivated land on these 5 land types was 1 160.23 km~2,accounting for 11.02% of total cultivated land in Ningnan region.Cultivated land on steep hill slope and steep earth-rock slope should be completely changed into grassland or for reforestation,unless artificial terrace is build,and those cultivated land on extremely steep hill slope land,extremely steep earth-rock slope land,gully slope land,and rocky mountain land should be completely changed into grassland or for reforestation.With the help of GIS technology,the location of different land uses on all the land types were located and mapped.Data of this study can serve as sufficient base for accurate poverty lifting program,and for land use and resource protection planning.
Ningnan hilly-gully region(10 524.38 km~2)in southern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is one of the most impoverished areas in China.After years of gain due to green project,ecological migration and urbanization,it is necessary to further adjust land use.Coupling relationship between land type and land use in Ningnan hilly-gully area was analyzed with data from high-resolution remote sensing images and DEM in 2016.The total easy farming area was found to be composed of lower river terrace land,higher river terrace land,tableland,flat hill slope land and terraced field(3 696.31 km~2),accounting for 35.14% of the total land of Ningnan hilly-gully area.Cultivated land was 2 984.88 km~2,accounting for 71.76%of total land of the above 5 types of easy tillage land types,which accounted for 80.75% of the total cultivated land of Ningnan area.The total area of moderate hill slope(slope degree≤15°)land and moderate earth-rock hill slope land(slope degree≤15°)was 1 574.84 km~2,accounting for 14.96% of Ningnan region,among which 485.73 km~2 was cultivated but prone to soil erosion and further land degradation.This 485.73 km~2 cultivated land should be changed to other land use unless proper conservation measures are adopted.The total area of steep hill slope land(slope degree 15-25°),extremely steep hill slope(slope degree >25°),gully slope land(slope degree >25°),steep earth-rock slope land(slope 15-25°),extremely steep earth-rock slope land(slope>25°)and rocky mountain land was 5 115.4 km~2,accounting for 48.61% of the total area of Ningnan region.Cultivated land on these 5 land types was 1 160.23 km~2,accounting for 11.02% of total cultivated land in Ningnan region.Cultivated land on steep hill slope and steep earth-rock slope should be completely changed into grassland or for reforestation,unless artificial terrace is build,and those cultivated land on extremely steep hill slope land,extremely steep earth-rock slope land,gully slope land,and rocky mountain land should be completely changed into grassland or for reforestation.With the help of GIS technology,the location of different land uses on all the land types were located and mapped.Data of this study can serve as sufficient base for accurate poverty lifting program,and for land use and resource protection planning.
引文
[1]史媛.宁南山区九县农村贫困状况调研报告[C]∥宁夏社会学会学术年会.银川:北方民族大学社会学与民族学研究所,2015:5
[2]王红艳.宁夏生态移民成效、问题及对策研究[C]∥宁夏社会学会学术年会.银川:北方民族大学社会学与民族学研究所,2015:14
[3]徐安恭.退耕还林生态建设要巩固与发展:宁南山区退耕还林生态工程建设情况的调查[J].宁夏林业,2013(2):28
[4]黄安,许月卿,郝晋珉,等.土地利用多功能性评价研究进展与展望[J].中国土地科学,2017(4):88
[5]汪滨,张志强.黄土高原典型流域退耕还林土地利用变化及其合理性评价[J].农业工程学报,2017(7):235
[6]刘胤汉.陕北黄土高原的土地类型及其评价[J].地理学报,1985(2):119
[7]刘胤汉.关于土地类型划分的研究:以陕西省为例[J].中原地理研究,1983(1):47
[8]赵松乔,申元村.全国1/100万及重点省(区)1/20万土地类型图的土地分类系统(草案)[J].自然资源,1980(3):13
[9]陈传康.土地科学和土地规划[J].中国土地科学,1989(4):11
[10]焦峰,温仲明,焦菊英,等.黄土丘陵区(安塞)县域尺度土地结构分析[J].西北林学院学报,2004(4):189
[11]李壁成,焦锋,马小云.固原上黄试区土地利用动态监测与分析评价[J].水土保持研究,1996(1):14
[12]史德明,金厚玉,姚玉成.宁夏固原县土地资源评价及合理利用问题[J].自然资源,1980(1):63
[13]赵帮元,马宁,杨娟,等.基于不同分辨率遥感影像提取的水土保持措施精度分析[J].水土保持通报,2012(4):154
[14]中国土地勘测规划院,国土资源部地籍管理司.土地利用现状分类:GB/T 21010-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007
[15]江忠善,李秀英.黄土高原土壤流失预报方程中降雨侵蚀力和地形因子的研究[J].中国科学院西北水土保持研究所集刊,1988(1):40
[16]唐克丽,张科利,雷阿林.黄土丘陵区退耕上限坡度的研究论证[J].科学通报,1998(2):200
[17]水利部水土保持司,水利部水土保持监测中心,黄河水利委员会黄河上中游管理局,等.水土保持综合治理技术规范:坡耕地治理技术[S].北京:中国水利出版社局,2008
[18]蒋定生.试论黄土高原梯田断面设计[J].水土保持学报,1987(2):28
[2]王红艳.宁夏生态移民成效、问题及对策研究[C]∥宁夏社会学会学术年会.银川:北方民族大学社会学与民族学研究所,2015:14
[3]徐安恭.退耕还林生态建设要巩固与发展:宁南山区退耕还林生态工程建设情况的调查[J].宁夏林业,2013(2):28
[4]黄安,许月卿,郝晋珉,等.土地利用多功能性评价研究进展与展望[J].中国土地科学,2017(4):88
[5]汪滨,张志强.黄土高原典型流域退耕还林土地利用变化及其合理性评价[J].农业工程学报,2017(7):235
[6]刘胤汉.陕北黄土高原的土地类型及其评价[J].地理学报,1985(2):119
[7]刘胤汉.关于土地类型划分的研究:以陕西省为例[J].中原地理研究,1983(1):47
[8]赵松乔,申元村.全国1/100万及重点省(区)1/20万土地类型图的土地分类系统(草案)[J].自然资源,1980(3):13
[9]陈传康.土地科学和土地规划[J].中国土地科学,1989(4):11
[10]焦峰,温仲明,焦菊英,等.黄土丘陵区(安塞)县域尺度土地结构分析[J].西北林学院学报,2004(4):189
[11]李壁成,焦锋,马小云.固原上黄试区土地利用动态监测与分析评价[J].水土保持研究,1996(1):14
[12]史德明,金厚玉,姚玉成.宁夏固原县土地资源评价及合理利用问题[J].自然资源,1980(1):63
[13]赵帮元,马宁,杨娟,等.基于不同分辨率遥感影像提取的水土保持措施精度分析[J].水土保持通报,2012(4):154
[14]中国土地勘测规划院,国土资源部地籍管理司.土地利用现状分类:GB/T 21010-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007
[15]江忠善,李秀英.黄土高原土壤流失预报方程中降雨侵蚀力和地形因子的研究[J].中国科学院西北水土保持研究所集刊,1988(1):40
[16]唐克丽,张科利,雷阿林.黄土丘陵区退耕上限坡度的研究论证[J].科学通报,1998(2):200
[17]水利部水土保持司,水利部水土保持监测中心,黄河水利委员会黄河上中游管理局,等.水土保持综合治理技术规范:坡耕地治理技术[S].北京:中国水利出版社局,2008
[18]蒋定生.试论黄土高原梯田断面设计[J].水土保持学报,1987(2):28