中国北方典型风沙区土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征
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摘要
研究区域尺度土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征与分布格局对于认识陆地生态系统空间格局变化规律及其对全球变化与人类活动的响应具有重要意义。通过文献收集和野外调查,对中国北方典型风沙区表层土壤有机C、全N、全P化学计量特征及其沿经度和纬度的分布格局进行了研究。结果表明:(1)北方典型风沙区表层土壤有机C、全N、全P含量及C∶N、C∶P和N∶P的平均值分别为12.2、1.2、0.8 g·kg-1及10.1、15.7、1.63,与全国水平相比,具有较低的有机C含量、全N含量、C∶P、N∶P及较高的全P含量;(2)农田表层土壤有机C、全N、全P含量及C∶P显著高于草地表层土壤,C∶N和N∶P在农田和草地之间无显著差异;(3)北方典型风沙区表层土壤有机C、全N、全P元素间具有一定的耦合关系,但这种耦合关系在草地和农田间存在差异性;(4)北方风沙区草地和农田土壤有机C、全N、全P化学计量特征随纬度的增加呈逐渐增加趋势,除草地全P含量和N∶P外,其余指标均与纬度呈线性关系;草地和农田土壤有机C、全N、全P化学计量特征随经度的增加呈先减小后增加的趋势,与经度呈二阶多项式分布关系。
Characteristics of soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry at regional scale is key factors to understand spatial pattern,and reveal responses of terrestrial ecosystem to global change and human activities. In this study,we measured organic C,total N,total P concentrations and C ∶ N,N ∶P,C ∶ P in topsoil of typical desertified regions of northern China,and statistically analyzed their spatial pattern. The result showed that the average organic C,total N,total P concentrations and C ∶ N,C ∶ P,N ∶ P are 12.2 g·kg-1,1.2 g·kg-1,0.8 g·kg-1,10.1,15.7 and 1.63,respectively. The concentrations of organic C,total N,C ∶ P,and N ∶ P in topsoil of typical desertified regions of northern China remained a relatively lowlevel in contrast with the results nationwide,but the concentration of total P was relatively higher. Compared with grassland,the concentration of surface layer soil organic C,total N and total P in cropland were significantly higher. However,soil C ∶ N and N ∶ P showed no significant difference between grassland and cropland. We found that topsoil organic C,total N,total P,and their ratios of typical desertified regions of northern China were significantly coupled. But the coupling relationships revealed significant differences between grassland and cropland. With latitude increasing,the soil organic C,total N,total P stoichiometric value of grassland and cropland were also increasing in desertified regions of Northern China. Except total P and N ∶ P,other indices were significantly linearly correlated.Meanwhile,soil organic C,total N,total P stoichiometric value were firstly decreased and then increased with longitude increasing in typical desertified regions of Northern China. Regression analysis revealed that these indices exhibited polynomial distribution with longitude.
Characteristics of soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry at regional scale is key factors to understand spatial pattern,and reveal responses of terrestrial ecosystem to global change and human activities. In this study,we measured organic C,total N,total P concentrations and C ∶ N,N ∶P,C ∶ P in topsoil of typical desertified regions of northern China,and statistically analyzed their spatial pattern. The result showed that the average organic C,total N,total P concentrations and C ∶ N,C ∶ P,N ∶ P are 12.2 g·kg-1,1.2 g·kg-1,0.8 g·kg-1,10.1,15.7 and 1.63,respectively. The concentrations of organic C,total N,C ∶ P,and N ∶ P in topsoil of typical desertified regions of northern China remained a relatively lowlevel in contrast with the results nationwide,but the concentration of total P was relatively higher. Compared with grassland,the concentration of surface layer soil organic C,total N and total P in cropland were significantly higher. However,soil C ∶ N and N ∶ P showed no significant difference between grassland and cropland. We found that topsoil organic C,total N,total P,and their ratios of typical desertified regions of northern China were significantly coupled. But the coupling relationships revealed significant differences between grassland and cropland. With latitude increasing,the soil organic C,total N,total P stoichiometric value of grassland and cropland were also increasing in desertified regions of Northern China. Except total P and N ∶ P,other indices were significantly linearly correlated.Meanwhile,soil organic C,total N,total P stoichiometric value were firstly decreased and then increased with longitude increasing in typical desertified regions of Northern China. Regression analysis revealed that these indices exhibited polynomial distribution with longitude.
引文
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[27]韩成龙.黄土高原半干旱生态脆弱区土壤碳、氮和微生物对不同土地管理措施和冻融循环的响应[D].兰州:兰州大学,2018.
[28]苑亚茹,李娜,邹文秀,等.典型黑土区不同生态系统下土壤团聚体有机碳的分布特征[J].生态学报,2018(17):1-7.
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[30]王淑平,周广胜,高素华,等.中国东北样带土壤氮的分布特征及其对气候变化的响应[J].应用生态学报,2005(2):279-283.
[31] Kitayama K,Aiba S I,Takyu M,et al.Soil phosphorus fractionation and phosphorus-use efficiency of a bornean tropical montane rain forest during soil aging w ith podozolization[J]. Ecosystems,2004,7(3):259-274.
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[2] Dormaar J F,Smoliak S,Willms W D.Distribution of nitrogen fractions in grazed and ungrazed fescue grassland Ah horizons[J].Journal of Range Management,1990,43(1):6-9.
[3]王绍强,于贵瑞.生态系统碳氮磷元素的生态化学计量学特征[J].生态学报,2008(8):3937-3947.
[4] Li Y,Zhou X,Brandle J R,et al J.Temporal progress in improving carbon and nitrogen storage by grazing exclosure practice in a degraded land area of China's Horqin Sandy Grassland[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2012,159(159):55-61.
[5]张春霞,谢佰承,贾松伟.土壤侵蚀对土壤有机碳库去向的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(31):13735-13736,13742.
[6]左小安,赵学勇,赵哈林,等.科尔沁沙质草地群落物种多样性、生产力与土壤特性的关系[J].环境科学,2007(5):945-951.
[7]李玉强,赵哈林,赵学勇,等.沙漠化过程对植物凋落物分解的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007(5):64-67.
[8]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[9]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土种志(第二卷)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994.
[10]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土种志(第六卷)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996.
[11]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土种志(第三卷)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996.
[12]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土种志(第四卷)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[13]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土种志(第五卷)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[14]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土种志(第一卷)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1993.
[15]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978.
[16]王绍强,周成虎,李克让,等.中国土壤有机碳库及空间分布特征分析[J].地理学报,2000(5):533-544.
[17] Tian H Q,Chen G S,Zhang C,et al.Pattern and variation of C∶N∶P ratios in China’s soils:a synthesis of observational data[J].Biogeochemistry,2010,98(1/2/3):139-151.
[18]解宪丽,孙波,周慧珍,等.不同植被下中国土壤有机碳的储量与影响因子[J].土壤学报,2004(5):687-699.
[19]朱兆良.中国土壤氮素研究[J].土壤学报,2008(5):778-783.
[20]汪涛,杨元合,马文红.中国土壤磷库的大小、分布及其影响因素[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2008(6):945-952.
[21] Cleveland C C,Liptzin D. C∶N∶P stoichiometry in soil:is there a"Redfield ratio"for the microbial biomass?[J]. Biogeochemistry,2007,85(3):235-252.
[22] Batjes N H.Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2014,65(1):2-3.
[23]任书杰,于贵瑞,陶波,等.中国东部南北样带654种植物叶片氮和磷的化学计量学特征研究[J].环境科学,2007(12):2665-2673.
[24]解璐晗.黄河三角洲不同土地利用方式土壤碳库结构和养分特性[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2017.
[25] Sterner R W,Elser J J.Ecological Stoichiometry:the Biology of Elements from M olecules to the Biosphere[M]. Princeton,USA:Princeton University Press,2002.
[26] Sinsabaugh R L,Antibus R K,Linkins A E,et al.Wood decomposition:nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in relation to extracellular enzyme activity[J].Ecology,1993,74(5):1586-1593.
[27]韩成龙.黄土高原半干旱生态脆弱区土壤碳、氮和微生物对不同土地管理措施和冻融循环的响应[D].兰州:兰州大学,2018.
[28]苑亚茹,李娜,邹文秀,等.典型黑土区不同生态系统下土壤团聚体有机碳的分布特征[J].生态学报,2018(17):1-7.
[29] Jobbágy E G,Jackson R B. The distribution of soil nutrients w ith depth:global patterns and the imprint of plants[J].Biogeochemistry,2001,53(1):51-77.
[30]王淑平,周广胜,高素华,等.中国东北样带土壤氮的分布特征及其对气候变化的响应[J].应用生态学报,2005(2):279-283.
[31] Kitayama K,Aiba S I,Takyu M,et al.Soil phosphorus fractionation and phosphorus-use efficiency of a bornean tropical montane rain forest during soil aging w ith podozolization[J]. Ecosystems,2004,7(3):259-274.
[32] Vadas P A,Kleinman P J,Sharpley A N,et al. Relating soil phosphorus to dissolved phosphorus in runoff:a single extraction coefficient for w ater quality modeling[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2005,34(2):572-80.