黄河宁蒙河段冲淤时空分布特征与淤积原因
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摘要
在补充完善水沙、观测断面等资料的基础上,采用沙量平衡法和断面法分析计算了1960年以来宁蒙河段的泥沙冲淤量,两种方法计算结果接近、各有特点,可互为补充使用。分析冲淤量时间分布特征表明,不同时期年内的冲淤分配特征不同,1987年以来宁蒙河段泥沙淤积加重,且淤积加重主要集中在汛期和小于0.1 mm的各粒径组泥沙,大于0.1 mm的粗泥沙淤积量有所减少。分析冲淤量空间分布结果表明,宁蒙河段淤积主要发生在内蒙古三湖河口至头道拐河段和巴彦高勒至三湖河口河段,1987年以来以河槽淤积为主,横断面萎缩。根据宁蒙河段水沙来源情况,从多个方面分析宁蒙河段淤积变化原因表明,干流水沙条件变化尤其是龙刘水库联合运用对干流水沙条件的显著改变,包括减少了汛期水量以及大流量过程,是导致宁蒙河段淤积加重的主要原因。
With water-sediment and section-observation data, the sediment erosion and deposition of Ningx-ia-Inner Mongolia reaches of the Yellow River since 1960 were calculated by the sediment balance methodand the section method. The results from two methods were close and complementary. The erosion and depo-sition varies in different periods that the sedimentation in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches has been ag-gravating since 1987, which mainly concentrated in the flood season and the sediment volume of particlesize less than 0.1 mm, while particle size more than 0.1 mm has decreased. That sedimentation mainly oc-curred at Sanhuhekou-Toudaoguai reach and Bayangaole-Sanhuhekou reach that river channel sedimentationpredominated and cross sectionh has atrophied since 1987. According to the source of water and sediment,the mainstream water and sediment conditions change, especially that from the combination of Longyangxiaand Liujiaxia reservoirs, including the decrease of water amount and the flow process during the flood sea-son,is the main cause of the increased deposition in Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches of the Yellow River.
With water-sediment and section-observation data, the sediment erosion and deposition of Ningx-ia-Inner Mongolia reaches of the Yellow River since 1960 were calculated by the sediment balance methodand the section method. The results from two methods were close and complementary. The erosion and depo-sition varies in different periods that the sedimentation in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches has been ag-gravating since 1987, which mainly concentrated in the flood season and the sediment volume of particlesize less than 0.1 mm, while particle size more than 0.1 mm has decreased. That sedimentation mainly oc-curred at Sanhuhekou-Toudaoguai reach and Bayangaole-Sanhuhekou reach that river channel sedimentationpredominated and cross sectionh has atrophied since 1987. According to the source of water and sediment,the mainstream water and sediment conditions change, especially that from the combination of Longyangxiaand Liujiaxia reservoirs, including the decrease of water amount and the flow process during the flood sea-son,is the main cause of the increased deposition in Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches of the Yellow River.
引文
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[13]李秋艳,蔡强国,方海燕.黄河宁蒙河段河道演变过程及影响因素研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012(2):68-73
[2]翟家瑞,钱云平.黄河宁蒙河段防洪形势分析与对策[N].黄河报,2006-03-07(3).
[3]冯国华,朝伦巴根,高瑞忠,等.黄河内蒙古段防凌对策研究[J].水文,2009(2):47-49
[4]龙虎,杜宇,邬虹霞,等.黄河宁蒙河段河道淤积萎缩及其对凌汛的影响[J].人民黄河,2007(3):25-26
[5]可素娟,吕光圻,任志远.黄河巴彦高勒河段冰塞机理研究[J].水利学报,2000(7):66-69
[6]马睿,马良,张罗号,等.黄河流域典型沙质河段冲淤量预估方法及应用[J].水利学报,2016,47(10):1277-1286
[7]周丽艳,鲁俊,张建.黄河宁蒙河段沙量平衡法冲淤量的计算及修正[J].人民黄河,2008(7):30-31
[8]张建,周丽艳,陶冶.黄河宁蒙河段冲淤演变特性分析[J].人民黄河,2008(8):43-44
[9]侯素珍,王平,常温花,等.黄河内蒙古河段冲淤量评估[J].人民黄河,2007(4):21-23
[10]杜鹤强,薛娴,王涛,等.1986-2013年黄河宁蒙河段风蚀模数与风沙入河量估算[J].农业工程学报,2015(3):142-151
[11]鲁俊,周丽艳,张厚军,等.黄青铜峡水库排沙对下游河道冲淤的影响[J].人民黄河,2012(3):19-21
[12]胡春宏,陈绪坚,陈建国.黄河水沙空间分布及其变化过程研究[J].水利学报,2008,39(5):518-527
[13]李秋艳,蔡强国,方海燕.黄河宁蒙河段河道演变过程及影响因素研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012(2):68-73