黄河宁蒙河段冰期洪水波运动过程中的变形分析
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摘要
河道中冰盖的存在会影响到洪水波的演进变形。以黄河宁蒙河段为研究对象,将马斯京根法尝试应用于冰期洪水计算,分析了马斯京根法参数与糙率的关系,比较了冰盖冻结增厚和融化减薄过程对洪水波变形的影响差异。研究结果表明,将马斯京根法应用于冰期洪水计算是可行的;断面的糙率越大,洪水波传播时间越久,变形越大;冰盖冻结增厚过程中,洪水波的变形存在先增加再减少而后又增加的现象;冰盖融化减薄过程中,洪水波随冰厚的减薄而变形增大。相同冰厚下,两种过程的变形程度存在交点。交点之前的冰厚范围,冰盖融化减薄时的洪水波变形更大;交点之后的冰厚范围,冰盖冻结增厚时的洪水波变形更大。
The existence of ice cover in northern river courses may affect flood rooting and the deformation of flood wave propagation. Taking the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River as the research object,the Muskingum method is applied to calculate the flood rooting during ice period,analyzing the rela-tionship between the Muskingum parameters and the roughness, and comparing the difference of the im-pacts of ice cover thickening and thawing processes on the flood wave deformation. The results indicate thatit is feasible to apply the Muskingum method to calculate flood during ice river period,the greater the section roughness, the longer the flood wave propagation and the greater the degree of deformation will be.During the ice cover thickening process, the deformation of flood wave increases at first, then decreases,and afterward increases again. During the ice cover thawing process,the deformation of flood wave increases. In the case of same ice thickness,there is an intersection of flood wave deformation during two processes of ice thickness development. Before the intersection point of ice thickness range, the deformation offlood wave is greater when ice cover melts and thins. After that, the deformation of flood wave is greaterwhen ice cover freezes and thickens.
The existence of ice cover in northern river courses may affect flood rooting and the deformation of flood wave propagation. Taking the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River as the research object,the Muskingum method is applied to calculate the flood rooting during ice period,analyzing the rela-tionship between the Muskingum parameters and the roughness, and comparing the difference of the im-pacts of ice cover thickening and thawing processes on the flood wave deformation. The results indicate thatit is feasible to apply the Muskingum method to calculate flood during ice river period,the greater the section roughness, the longer the flood wave propagation and the greater the degree of deformation will be.During the ice cover thickening process, the deformation of flood wave increases at first, then decreases,and afterward increases again. During the ice cover thawing process,the deformation of flood wave increases. In the case of same ice thickness,there is an intersection of flood wave deformation during two processes of ice thickness development. Before the intersection point of ice thickness range, the deformation offlood wave is greater when ice cover melts and thins. After that, the deformation of flood wave is greaterwhen ice cover freezes and thickens.
引文
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[13]蔡琳.中国江河冰凌[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2008.
[14]杨开林.冰盖河渠水深平均流速的横向分布[J].水利学报,2015,46(3):291-297.
[2]WANG J,SHI F Y,CHEN P P,et al.Impacts of bridge piers on the initiation of ice cover-an experimental study[J].Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics,2015,63(4):327-333.
[3]WANG J,HUA J,SUI J Y,et al.The impact of bridge pier on ice jam evolution-an experimental study[J].Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics,2016,64(1):75-82.
[4]芮孝芳.水文学原理[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[5]PONCE V M,YEVJEVICH V.Muskingum-Cunge Method with variable parameters[J].Journal of the Hydraulics Division,1978,104(12):1663-1667.
[6]何惠,张建云.马斯京根法参数的一种数学估计方法[J].水文,1998(5):14-17.
[7]鲁帆,蒋云钟,王浩,等.多智能体遗传算法用于马斯京根模型参数估计[J].水利学报,2007,38(3):289-294.
[8]李明明,李承军,张铭.改进PSO法在马斯京根模型参数估计中的应用[J].人民长江,2008,39(3):60-61.
[9]杨开林.明渠冰盖下流动的综合糙率[J].水利学报,2014,45(11):1310-1317.
[10]孔凡哲,王晓赞.基于河段特征的马斯京根模型参数估算方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(4):494-497.
[11]CUNGE J A.On the subject of a flood propagation computation method(Muskingum method)[J].Journal of Hydraulic Researches,1969(7):205-230.
[12]WILSON B N,RUFFINI J R.Comparison of physically-based Muskingum methods[J].Transactions of the Asae,1988,31(1):91-97.
[13]蔡琳.中国江河冰凌[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2008.
[14]杨开林.冰盖河渠水深平均流速的横向分布[J].水利学报,2015,46(3):291-297.