黄河宁蒙河段水沙变化特性与成因研究
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摘要
根据宁蒙河段不同来源的水沙资料,分析了宁蒙河段干流、支流和入黄风积沙量变化,从人类活动影响和自然条件变化两方面研究了水沙变化的机理,以及近期水沙变化的原因。结果表明:各种因素均不同程度地影响了宁蒙河段水沙变化,其中工农业生活引水是干流水量减少的主要影响因素,水库拦沙是干流沙量减少的主要影响因素,2000年以后支流水保措施减沙影响增强,风速减弱是入黄风积沙量减少的主要影响因素;龙羊峡与刘家峡水库联合调度是黄河干流汛期水量比例和大流量过程减少的主要影响因素。
The processes of mainstream, tributaries of the Ning-Meng Reach and aeolian sediments into Yellow River were studied based on water and sediment data in different sources. Mechanism of water and sediment processes were explored, especially for the recent years from the perspective of the impact by human activities and natural conditions variations. Results show that various factors have different impacts on water and sediment changes in Ning-Meng Reach. Water consumption in economical and social areas is the main factor to decrease of mainstream water. Reservoir sediment retaining is the main element of the mainstream sediment decrease. Impact on sediment reduction by water and soil conservation in the tributaries increases since 2000 and the weaker wind speed is the main factor of the aeolian sediment decrease. Combined regulation of Longmenxia Reservior and Liujiaxia Reservoir is the main factor to reduce water flow proportion in the mainstream, and to reduce the large flow in the flood season.
The processes of mainstream, tributaries of the Ning-Meng Reach and aeolian sediments into Yellow River were studied based on water and sediment data in different sources. Mechanism of water and sediment processes were explored, especially for the recent years from the perspective of the impact by human activities and natural conditions variations. Results show that various factors have different impacts on water and sediment changes in Ning-Meng Reach. Water consumption in economical and social areas is the main factor to decrease of mainstream water. Reservoir sediment retaining is the main element of the mainstream sediment decrease. Impact on sediment reduction by water and soil conservation in the tributaries increases since 2000 and the weaker wind speed is the main factor of the aeolian sediment decrease. Combined regulation of Longmenxia Reservior and Liujiaxia Reservoir is the main factor to reduce water flow proportion in the mainstream, and to reduce the large flow in the flood season.
引文
[1] 缑倩倩,韩致文,王国华,等.黄河宁蒙河段泥沙加入量分析及防治对策[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(4):303-306.
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[11] 申冠卿,张原锋,侯素珍,等.黄河上游干流水库调节水沙对宁蒙河道的影响[J].泥沙研究,2007(1):67-75.
[12] 杨根生,刘阳宣,史培军.黄河沿岸风成沙入黄沙量估算[J].科学通报,1988(13):1017-1021.
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[15] 杜鹤强,薛娴,王涛,等.1986-2013年黄河宁蒙河段风蚀模数与风沙入河量估算[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(10):142-151.
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[17] 刘晓燕.黄河近年水沙锐减成因[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[18] 北京大学环境科学与工程学院.黄河上游宁蒙河段风沙入黄量研究[R].北京:北京大学环境科学与工程学院,2016.
[2] 刘晓燕,侯素珍,常温花.黄河内蒙古河段主槽萎缩原因和对策[J].水利学报,2009(9):1048-1054.
[3] 翟家瑞,钱云平.黄河宁蒙河段防洪形势分析与对策[N].黄河报. 2006-03-07.
[4] 董占地,胡海华,吉祖稳,等.黄河上游宁蒙河段河道横断面形态对水沙变化的响应[J].泥沙研究,2015(4):20-25.
[5] 杨忠敏,任宏斌.黄河水沙浅析及宁蒙河段冲淤与水沙关系初步研究[J].西北水电,2004(3):50-55.
[6] 赵昌瑞,赵明旭,关磊.黄河上游干流各控制站水沙变化规律分析研究[J].甘肃水利水电技术,2014,50(4):1-4+10.
[7] 苏晓慧,张晓华,田世民.黄河上游宁蒙河段水沙变化特征分析[J].人民黄河,2013,35(2):13-15.
[8] 周丽艳,崔振华,罗秋实.黄河宁蒙河道水沙变化及冲淤特性[J].人民黄河,2012,34(1):25-26.
[9] 张晓华,苏晓慧,郑艳爽,等.黄河上游沙漠宽谷河段近期水沙变化特点及趋势[J].泥沙研究,2013(2):44-51.
[10] 侯素珍,王平,楚卫斌.黄河上游水沙变化及成因分析[J].泥沙研究,2012(4):46-52.
[11] 申冠卿,张原锋,侯素珍,等.黄河上游干流水库调节水沙对宁蒙河道的影响[J].泥沙研究,2007(1):67-75.
[12] 杨根生,刘阳宣,史培军.黄河沿岸风成沙入黄沙量估算[J].科学通报,1988(13):1017-1021.
[13] 方学敏.黄河干流宁蒙河段风沙入黄沙量计算[J].人民黄河,1993(4):1-3+61.
[14] 周丽艳,鲁俊,张建.黄河宁蒙河段沙量平衡法冲淤量的计算及修正[J].人民黄河,2008(7):30-31.
[15] 杜鹤强,薛娴,王涛,等.1986-2013年黄河宁蒙河段风蚀模数与风沙入河量估算[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(10):142-151.
[16] 汪岗,范昭.黄河水沙变化研究(第一卷,第二卷)[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002.
[17] 刘晓燕.黄河近年水沙锐减成因[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[18] 北京大学环境科学与工程学院.黄河上游宁蒙河段风沙入黄量研究[R].北京:北京大学环境科学与工程学院,2016.