不同绿肥种植对宅基地复垦土壤肥力的影响
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摘要
种植并翻压绿肥是改善土壤质量和保持农村、农业生态环境可持续利用措施之一。以四川某废弃的农村宅基地为对象,研究了翻压紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、光叶苕子(Vicia villosa)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)和红三叶(Trifolium pratense)4种绿肥对复垦土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,4种绿肥翻压后复垦土壤养分较修复前的土壤显著提高,且土壤表层(0~20 cm)养分增幅大于心土层(20~40 cm);随着翻压次数的增加土壤肥力呈上升趋势;紫花苜蓿翻压后土壤表层和心土层有机碳含量的增幅显著高于其余3种,分别为68%和61%;第3次翻压4种绿肥后,两层土壤铵态氮的增幅分别为79%~88%和60%~75%;土壤硝态氮的增幅分别为47%~59%和24%~42%;土壤速效磷的增幅分别为1.1倍~1.6倍和1.2倍~1.7倍;土壤速效钾的增幅分别为22%~28%和23%~29%。因此,4种绿肥均为优质、绿色环保的生物肥源。
Planting and plowing green manures is one of the sustainable use measures to improve soil fertilityand maintain the rural ecological environment. This study investigated the effects of plowing the Medicago sativa,Vicia villosa,Trifolium repens and Trifolium pretense on soil fertility for a discarded homestead reclamation in Sichuan. Results showed that the application of the four green manures could greatly enhance the soil fertility. Besides,the increase of nutrients in the topsoil( 0 ~ 20 cm) is higher than that of the subsoil( 20 ~ 40 cm),soil fertility increased with the increasing time of plowing,the plowing of Medicago sativa increased the organic carbon content of topsoil and subsoil,the increasing rate of organic carbon in two soil layers were 68 % and61 %,respectively,and significantly higher than those by the other three green manures. After the third time plowing,the ammonium nitrogen in two soil layers were increased by 79 % ~ 88 % and 60 % ~ 75 %,respectively,the nitrate nitrogen were increased by 47 % ~ 59 % and 24 % ~ 42 %,respectively,the available phosphorus were increased by 1. 1 ~ 1. 6 times and 1. 2 ~1. 7 times,respectively,and available potassium were increased by 22 % ~ 28 % and 23 % ~ 29 % respectively. Therefore,the four kinds of green manures are high quality and environmentally bio-fertilizer sources.
Planting and plowing green manures is one of the sustainable use measures to improve soil fertilityand maintain the rural ecological environment. This study investigated the effects of plowing the Medicago sativa,Vicia villosa,Trifolium repens and Trifolium pretense on soil fertility for a discarded homestead reclamation in Sichuan. Results showed that the application of the four green manures could greatly enhance the soil fertility. Besides,the increase of nutrients in the topsoil( 0 ~ 20 cm) is higher than that of the subsoil( 20 ~ 40 cm),soil fertility increased with the increasing time of plowing,the plowing of Medicago sativa increased the organic carbon content of topsoil and subsoil,the increasing rate of organic carbon in two soil layers were 68 % and61 %,respectively,and significantly higher than those by the other three green manures. After the third time plowing,the ammonium nitrogen in two soil layers were increased by 79 % ~ 88 % and 60 % ~ 75 %,respectively,the nitrate nitrogen were increased by 47 % ~ 59 % and 24 % ~ 42 %,respectively,the available phosphorus were increased by 1. 1 ~ 1. 6 times and 1. 2 ~1. 7 times,respectively,and available potassium were increased by 22 % ~ 28 % and 23 % ~ 29 % respectively. Therefore,the four kinds of green manures are high quality and environmentally bio-fertilizer sources.
引文
[1]李彦霖,闫锐,高雪松,等.不同种养废弃物还田对复垦宅基地土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,(2):283-288.
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[9]Pietrzykowski M,Gruba P,Sproull G.The effectiveness of Yellow lupine(Lupinus luteus L.)green manure cropping in sand mine cast reclamation[J].Ecological Engineering,2017,102:72-79.
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[13]Forte A,Fagnano M,Fierro A.Potential role of compost and green manure amendment to mitigate soil GHGs emissions in Mediterranean drip irrigated maize production systems[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,192:68-78.
[14]Zhang X,Zhang R,Gao J,et al.Thirty-one years of rice-ricegreen manure rotations shape the rhizosphere microbial community and enrich beneficial bacteria[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2017,104:208-217.
[15]Castro L L,Whalen J K.Ion exchange membranes are sensitive indicators of ammonium and nitrate released from green manures with low C/N ratios[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2016,77:4-8.
[16]Piotrowska A,Wilczewski E.Effects of catch crops cultivated for green manure and mineral nitrogen fertilization on soil enzyme activities and chemical properties[J].Geoderma,2012,189-190:72-80.
[17]李正,刘国顺,敬海霞,等.翻压绿肥对植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(3):225-232.
[18]田明慧,张明发,田峰,等.不同绿肥翻压对玉米产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,(9):41-46.
[19]解开治,徐培智,陈建生,等.绿肥压青配伍不同促腐剂对稻田土壤肥力及其水稻产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,(21):177-181.
[20]刘晓霞,陶云彬,章日亮.不同绿肥连续还田对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2016,(9):1379-1382.
[21]Hossner L R.Dissolution for total elemental analysis.In:Sparks D L(eds.),Methods of soil analysis[M],USA,part 3:chemical methods.SSSA/ASA,Madison,Wisconsin:1996,pp.49-64.
[22]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社(第三版),2005:44-107.
[23]Liu E,Yan C,Mei X,et al.Long-term effect of chemical fertilizer,straw,and manure on soil chemical and biological properties in northwest China[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3-4):173-180.
[24]Li S,Zhang S,Pu Y,et al.Dynamics of soil labile organic carbon fractions and C-cycle enzyme activities under straw mulch in Chengdu Plain[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2016,155:289-297.
[25]Qi R,Li J,Lin Z,et al.Temperature effects on soil organic carbon,soil labile organic carbon fractions,and soil enzyme activities under long-term fertilization regimes[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2016,102:36-45.
[26]潘福霞,鲁剑巍,刘威,等.不同种类绿肥翻压对土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,(6):1359-1364.
[27]朱春茂,李志芳,吴文良,等.甜玉米/白三叶草秸秆还田的碳氮矿化研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,(3):423-428.
[28]Ren X,Yan R,Wang H,et al.Citric acid and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid as effective washing agents totreat sewage sludge for agricultural reuse[J].Waste Management,2015,(46):440-448.
[29]线琳,刘国道,郇恒福,等.施用8种野百合属绿肥后砖红壤速效钾含量随时间的动态变化[J].热带作物学报,2011,(2):198-202.
[2]Yan D,Zhao F,Sun O J.Assessment of vegetation establishment on Tailings Dam at an Iron Ore Mining Site of Suburban Beijing,China,7 years after reclamation with contrasting site treatment methods[J].Environmental Management,2013,52(3):748-757.
[3]张宏,高明,乔亮,等.农村宅基地复垦耕地不同种植模式对土壤理化性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,(4):91-96.
[4]任顺荣,邵玉翠,杨军.宅基地复垦土壤培肥效果研究[J].水土保持学报,2012,(3):78-81.
[5]闵祥宇,李新举,刘宁,等.不同复垦方式下土壤无机磷的空间分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2016,(6):220-225.
[6]Haynes R J,Naidu R.Influence of lime,fertilizer and manure applications on soil organic matter content and soil physical conditions:a review[J].1998,51(2):123-137.
[7]Zhang L,Zhang S,Zhou Z,et al.Spatial distribution prediction and benefits assessment of green manure in the Pinggu District,Beijing,based on the CLUE-S model[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2016,15(2):465-474.
[8]Albiach R,Canet R,Pomares F,et al.Organic matter components,aggregate stability and biological activity in a horticultural soil fertilized with dierent rates of two sewage sludges during ten years[J].Bioresource Technology,2001,(77):109-114.
[9]Pietrzykowski M,Gruba P,Sproull G.The effectiveness of Yellow lupine(Lupinus luteus L.)green manure cropping in sand mine cast reclamation[J].Ecological Engineering,2017,102:72-79.
[10]李子双,廉晓娟,王薇,等.我国绿肥的研究进展[J].草业科学,2013,(7):1135-1140.
[11]Vargas T D O,Diniz E R,Pacheco A L V et al.Green manure-15 N absorbed by broccoli and zucchini in sequential cropping[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2017,214:209-213.
[12]邓小华,石楠,周米良,等.不同种类绿肥翻压对植烟土壤理化性状的影响[J].烟草科技,2015,(2):7-10,20.
[13]Forte A,Fagnano M,Fierro A.Potential role of compost and green manure amendment to mitigate soil GHGs emissions in Mediterranean drip irrigated maize production systems[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,192:68-78.
[14]Zhang X,Zhang R,Gao J,et al.Thirty-one years of rice-ricegreen manure rotations shape the rhizosphere microbial community and enrich beneficial bacteria[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2017,104:208-217.
[15]Castro L L,Whalen J K.Ion exchange membranes are sensitive indicators of ammonium and nitrate released from green manures with low C/N ratios[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2016,77:4-8.
[16]Piotrowska A,Wilczewski E.Effects of catch crops cultivated for green manure and mineral nitrogen fertilization on soil enzyme activities and chemical properties[J].Geoderma,2012,189-190:72-80.
[17]李正,刘国顺,敬海霞,等.翻压绿肥对植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(3):225-232.
[18]田明慧,张明发,田峰,等.不同绿肥翻压对玉米产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,(9):41-46.
[19]解开治,徐培智,陈建生,等.绿肥压青配伍不同促腐剂对稻田土壤肥力及其水稻产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,(21):177-181.
[20]刘晓霞,陶云彬,章日亮.不同绿肥连续还田对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2016,(9):1379-1382.
[21]Hossner L R.Dissolution for total elemental analysis.In:Sparks D L(eds.),Methods of soil analysis[M],USA,part 3:chemical methods.SSSA/ASA,Madison,Wisconsin:1996,pp.49-64.
[22]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社(第三版),2005:44-107.
[23]Liu E,Yan C,Mei X,et al.Long-term effect of chemical fertilizer,straw,and manure on soil chemical and biological properties in northwest China[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3-4):173-180.
[24]Li S,Zhang S,Pu Y,et al.Dynamics of soil labile organic carbon fractions and C-cycle enzyme activities under straw mulch in Chengdu Plain[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2016,155:289-297.
[25]Qi R,Li J,Lin Z,et al.Temperature effects on soil organic carbon,soil labile organic carbon fractions,and soil enzyme activities under long-term fertilization regimes[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2016,102:36-45.
[26]潘福霞,鲁剑巍,刘威,等.不同种类绿肥翻压对土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,(6):1359-1364.
[27]朱春茂,李志芳,吴文良,等.甜玉米/白三叶草秸秆还田的碳氮矿化研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,(3):423-428.
[28]Ren X,Yan R,Wang H,et al.Citric acid and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid as effective washing agents totreat sewage sludge for agricultural reuse[J].Waste Management,2015,(46):440-448.
[29]线琳,刘国道,郇恒福,等.施用8种野百合属绿肥后砖红壤速效钾含量随时间的动态变化[J].热带作物学报,2011,(2):198-202.