计及分布式电源局部调压能力的10 kV配电网低电压治理方法
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摘要
为了充分利用分布式电源局部调压能力治理10 kV配电网的低电压问题,提出了一种利用分布式电源改善电压的方法。根据配电网5种典型运行案例的节点电压,利用模糊聚类分析对配电网中节点进行二次分区,并利用改进的粒子群算法在分区内优化配置分布式电源和无功补偿设备。计及分布式电源和无功补偿设备的输出电流以及有载调压变压器变比的影响,推导出了计算节点电压变化量的公式以及基于电流的电压灵敏度分析矩阵,并提出了基于灵敏度分析矩阵的电压控制策略。以存在"低电压"问题10 kV配电网为例,对所提出的方法进行了分析和验证,结果表明了所提方法的可行性和有效性。
In order to make full use of local voltage regulation capability of the Distributed Generation(DG) to solve the low-voltage problem in 10 kV distribution network, this paper introduces a method to improve voltage with DG.According to the node voltage of five typical operation cases, second division of network nodes is implemented using fuzzy cluster analysis. And the improved Particle Swarm Algorithm(PSO) is used for the optimal configuration of DG and Reactive Power Compensation Equipment(RPCE) in the node division areas. Considering the output current of DG and RPCE, and the ratio of the On-Load Tap Changer(OLTC), this paper deduces the formula for calculating the node voltage variation and voltage sensitivity analysis matrix based on current. Voltage control strategy is proposed on the sensitivity analysis matrix. The method proposed is tested on the actual 10 kV grid example with low-voltage problem.The results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach proposed to solve the low-voltage problem.
In order to make full use of local voltage regulation capability of the Distributed Generation(DG) to solve the low-voltage problem in 10 kV distribution network, this paper introduces a method to improve voltage with DG.According to the node voltage of five typical operation cases, second division of network nodes is implemented using fuzzy cluster analysis. And the improved Particle Swarm Algorithm(PSO) is used for the optimal configuration of DG and Reactive Power Compensation Equipment(RPCE) in the node division areas. Considering the output current of DG and RPCE, and the ratio of the On-Load Tap Changer(OLTC), this paper deduces the formula for calculating the node voltage variation and voltage sensitivity analysis matrix based on current. Voltage control strategy is proposed on the sensitivity analysis matrix. The method proposed is tested on the actual 10 kV grid example with low-voltage problem.The results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach proposed to solve the low-voltage problem.
引文
[1]杨伟奇,高晓阳,朴在林.中压配电网络低电压补偿调控技术及实现[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(增刊1):198-202.YANG Weiqi,GAO Xiaoyang,PIAO Zailin.Implementation of low voltage compensation control in medium voltage distribution network[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(S1):198-202.
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[5]张玮亚,李永丽,孙广宇,等.基于静止同步补偿器的主动配电网分区电压控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(7):1644-1656.ZHANG Weiya,LI Yongli,SUN Guangyu,et al.Zonalvoltage control for active distribution network based on distributed static synchronous compensator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(7):1644-1656.
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[8]陈飞,刘东,陈云辉.主动配电网电压分层协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(9):61-67.CHEN Fei,LIU Dong,CHEN Yunhui.Hierarchically distributed voltage control strategy for active distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):61-67.
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[10]ROBBINS B A,HADJICOSTIS C N,DOMíNGUEZ-GARCíA A D.A two-stage distributed architecture for voltage control in power distribution systems[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1470-1482.
[11]张玮亚,王紫钰.智能配电系统分区电压控制技术研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(1):146-154.ZHANG Weiya,WANG Ziyu.Review of zonal-voltage control techniques of smart distribution system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(1):146-154.
[12]TAMP F,CIUFO P.A sensitivity analysis Toolkit for the simplification of MV distribution network voltage management[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(2):559-568.
[13]DAVDA A T,AZZOPARDI B,PAREKH B R,et al.Dispersed generation enable loss reduction and voltage profile improvement in distribution network-case study,Gujarat,India[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(3):1242-1249.
[14]李清然,张建成.含分布式光伏电源的配电网电压越限解决方案[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(22):117-123.LI Qingran,ZHANG Jiancheng.Solutions of voltage beyond limits in distribution network with distributed photovoltaic generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(22):117-123.
[15]彭光斌,詹红霞,黄培东,等.基于自适应粒子群算法优化DG的配网静态电压稳定性提高策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(8):100-106.PENG Guangbin,ZHAN Hongxia,HUANG Peidong,et al.Improved strategy of the static voltage stability of distribution network based on adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm for DG[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(8):100-106.
[16]刘健,尹海霞,尚海仓,等.基于二分法的本地控制改善含分布式电源配电网电压质量[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(18):61-67.LIU Jian,YIN Haixia,SHANG Haicang,et al.Voltage performance improvement by dichotomy based local control for power distribution networks with distributed generation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(18):61-67.
[17]范明天,张祖平,苏傲雪,等.主动配电系统可行技术的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):12-18.FAN Mingtian,ZHANG Zuping,SU Aoxue,et a1.Enabling technologies for active distribution systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(22):12-18.
[18]陈旭,张勇军,黄向敏.主动配电网背景下无功电压控制方法综述[J].电力系统自动化,2015,40(1):143-151.CHEN Xu,ZHANG Yongjun,HUANG Xiangmin.Review of reactive power and voltage control method in the background of active distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,40(1):143-151.
[19]朴在林,孟晓芳.配电网规划[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2015:178-181.
[20]孟晓芳,刘文宇,朴在林,等.基于网络拓扑分析的配电网潮流节点分析法[J].电网技术,2010,34(4):140-145.MENG Xiaofang,LIU Wenyu,PIAO Zailin,et al.Anode analysis method of load flow in distribution network based on network topology analysis[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(4):140-145.
[21]王永杰,吴文传,张伯明.考虑负荷量测和光伏不确定性的主动配电网鲁棒电压控制[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(9):138-144.WANG Yongjie,WU Wenchuan,ZHANG Boming.Robust voltage control model for active distribution network considering load and photovoltaic uncertainties[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):138-144.
[22]孟晓芳,朴在林,王珏.计及负荷不确定性的农网无功优化方法[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(9):182-187.MENG Xiaofang,PIAO Zailin,WANG Jue.Reactive power optimal approach in rural power network considering load uncertainty[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(9):182-187.
[23]曹炳元.应用模糊数学与系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:165-170.
[24]孙浩,姚鹏,张磊,等.计及有功-无功功率协调控制的2层微电网优化调度模型[J].高电压技术,2015,41(10):3249-3255.SUN Hao,YAO Peng,ZHANG Lei,et al.Bi-level microgrid optimal dispatching model considering active-reactive power coordinated control[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(10):3249-3255.
[25]HIEN N C,MITHULANANTHAN N,BANSAL R C.Location and sizing of distributed generation units for loadability enhancement in primary feeder[J].IEEESystems Journal,2013,7(4):797-806.
[26]MALEKPOUR A R,NIKNAM T,ANIL P,et al.Multi-objective stochastic distribution feeder reconfiguration in systems with wind power generators and fuel cells using the point estimate method[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1483-1492.
[27]LI Han,ESEYE A T,ZHANG Jianhua,et al.Optimal energy management for industrial microgrids with highpenetration renewables[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2017,2(2):122-135.DOI:10.1186/s41601-017-0040-6.
[28]初壮,李钊,白望望.计及不确定性和环境因素的多类型分布式电源选址定容[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(13):34-41.CHU Zhuang,LI Zhao,BAI Wangwang.Optimal siting and sizing of distributed generations considering uncertainties and environmental factors[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(13):34-41.
[29]孙可,段光,李晓春,等.综合能源服务系统结构描述及设计优化[J].热力发电,2017,46(12):33-39.SUN Ke,DUAN Guang,LI Xiaochun,et al.Structural description and design optimization for integrated energy service system[J].Thermal Power Generation,2017,46(12):33-39.
[30]周檬,贾亚雷.基于改进粒子群优化算法的先进绝热压缩空气储能系统参数优化[J].热力发电,2018,47(1):94-99.ZHOU Meng,JIA Yalei.Parameter optimization for compressed air energy storage system based on particle swarm optimization[J].Thermal Power Generation,2018,47(1):94-99.
[31]国家电网公司.电力系统电压质量和无功电力管理规定:DL/T 1198-2013[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013.State Grid Corporation of China.Regulation of voltage quality and reactive power management in power system:DL/T 1198-2013[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2013.
[2]蔡宇,林今,宋永华,等.基于模型预测控制的主动配电网电压控制[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(23):42-49.CAI Yu,LIN Jin,SONG Yonghua,et al.Voltage control strategy in active distribution network based on model predictive control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(23):42-49.
[3]付英杰,汪沨,陈春,等.考虑分布式电源的配电网电压控制新方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2015,27(6):26-31.FU Yingjie,WANG Feng,CHEN Chun,et al.New method of voltage control considering distribution network containing distributed generation[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2015,27(6):26-31.
[4]KULMALA A,REPO S,J?RVENTAUSTA P.Coordinated voltage control in distribution networks including several distributed energy resources[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(4):2010-2020.
[5]张玮亚,李永丽,孙广宇,等.基于静止同步补偿器的主动配电网分区电压控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(7):1644-1656.ZHANG Weiya,LI Yongli,SUN Guangyu,et al.Zonalvoltage control for active distribution network based on distributed static synchronous compensator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(7):1644-1656.
[6]MOURSI M S E,ZEINELDIN H H,KIRTLEY J L,et al.A dynamic master/slave reactive power-management scheme for smart grids with distributed generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(3):1157-1167.
[7]陶顺,骆晨,薛佳佳,等.基于两阶段规划法的有源配电网综合电压优化控制[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(20):54-59.TAO Shun,LUO Chen,XUE Jiajia,et al.Comprehensive voltage control optimization in active distribution network based on two-stage planning method[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(20):54-59.
[8]陈飞,刘东,陈云辉.主动配电网电压分层协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(9):61-67.CHEN Fei,LIU Dong,CHEN Yunhui.Hierarchically distributed voltage control strategy for active distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):61-67.
[9]DESHMUKH S,NATARAJAN B,PAHWA A.State estimation and voltage/VAR control in distribution network with intermittent measurements[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(1):200-209.
[10]ROBBINS B A,HADJICOSTIS C N,DOMíNGUEZ-GARCíA A D.A two-stage distributed architecture for voltage control in power distribution systems[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1470-1482.
[11]张玮亚,王紫钰.智能配电系统分区电压控制技术研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(1):146-154.ZHANG Weiya,WANG Ziyu.Review of zonal-voltage control techniques of smart distribution system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(1):146-154.
[12]TAMP F,CIUFO P.A sensitivity analysis Toolkit for the simplification of MV distribution network voltage management[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(2):559-568.
[13]DAVDA A T,AZZOPARDI B,PAREKH B R,et al.Dispersed generation enable loss reduction and voltage profile improvement in distribution network-case study,Gujarat,India[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(3):1242-1249.
[14]李清然,张建成.含分布式光伏电源的配电网电压越限解决方案[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(22):117-123.LI Qingran,ZHANG Jiancheng.Solutions of voltage beyond limits in distribution network with distributed photovoltaic generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(22):117-123.
[15]彭光斌,詹红霞,黄培东,等.基于自适应粒子群算法优化DG的配网静态电压稳定性提高策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(8):100-106.PENG Guangbin,ZHAN Hongxia,HUANG Peidong,et al.Improved strategy of the static voltage stability of distribution network based on adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm for DG[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(8):100-106.
[16]刘健,尹海霞,尚海仓,等.基于二分法的本地控制改善含分布式电源配电网电压质量[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(18):61-67.LIU Jian,YIN Haixia,SHANG Haicang,et al.Voltage performance improvement by dichotomy based local control for power distribution networks with distributed generation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(18):61-67.
[17]范明天,张祖平,苏傲雪,等.主动配电系统可行技术的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(22):12-18.FAN Mingtian,ZHANG Zuping,SU Aoxue,et a1.Enabling technologies for active distribution systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(22):12-18.
[18]陈旭,张勇军,黄向敏.主动配电网背景下无功电压控制方法综述[J].电力系统自动化,2015,40(1):143-151.CHEN Xu,ZHANG Yongjun,HUANG Xiangmin.Review of reactive power and voltage control method in the background of active distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,40(1):143-151.
[19]朴在林,孟晓芳.配电网规划[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2015:178-181.
[20]孟晓芳,刘文宇,朴在林,等.基于网络拓扑分析的配电网潮流节点分析法[J].电网技术,2010,34(4):140-145.MENG Xiaofang,LIU Wenyu,PIAO Zailin,et al.Anode analysis method of load flow in distribution network based on network topology analysis[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(4):140-145.
[21]王永杰,吴文传,张伯明.考虑负荷量测和光伏不确定性的主动配电网鲁棒电压控制[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(9):138-144.WANG Yongjie,WU Wenchuan,ZHANG Boming.Robust voltage control model for active distribution network considering load and photovoltaic uncertainties[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):138-144.
[22]孟晓芳,朴在林,王珏.计及负荷不确定性的农网无功优化方法[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(9):182-187.MENG Xiaofang,PIAO Zailin,WANG Jue.Reactive power optimal approach in rural power network considering load uncertainty[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(9):182-187.
[23]曹炳元.应用模糊数学与系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:165-170.
[24]孙浩,姚鹏,张磊,等.计及有功-无功功率协调控制的2层微电网优化调度模型[J].高电压技术,2015,41(10):3249-3255.SUN Hao,YAO Peng,ZHANG Lei,et al.Bi-level microgrid optimal dispatching model considering active-reactive power coordinated control[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(10):3249-3255.
[25]HIEN N C,MITHULANANTHAN N,BANSAL R C.Location and sizing of distributed generation units for loadability enhancement in primary feeder[J].IEEESystems Journal,2013,7(4):797-806.
[26]MALEKPOUR A R,NIKNAM T,ANIL P,et al.Multi-objective stochastic distribution feeder reconfiguration in systems with wind power generators and fuel cells using the point estimate method[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1483-1492.
[27]LI Han,ESEYE A T,ZHANG Jianhua,et al.Optimal energy management for industrial microgrids with highpenetration renewables[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2017,2(2):122-135.DOI:10.1186/s41601-017-0040-6.
[28]初壮,李钊,白望望.计及不确定性和环境因素的多类型分布式电源选址定容[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(13):34-41.CHU Zhuang,LI Zhao,BAI Wangwang.Optimal siting and sizing of distributed generations considering uncertainties and environmental factors[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(13):34-41.
[29]孙可,段光,李晓春,等.综合能源服务系统结构描述及设计优化[J].热力发电,2017,46(12):33-39.SUN Ke,DUAN Guang,LI Xiaochun,et al.Structural description and design optimization for integrated energy service system[J].Thermal Power Generation,2017,46(12):33-39.
[30]周檬,贾亚雷.基于改进粒子群优化算法的先进绝热压缩空气储能系统参数优化[J].热力发电,2018,47(1):94-99.ZHOU Meng,JIA Yalei.Parameter optimization for compressed air energy storage system based on particle swarm optimization[J].Thermal Power Generation,2018,47(1):94-99.
[31]国家电网公司.电力系统电压质量和无功电力管理规定:DL/T 1198-2013[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013.State Grid Corporation of China.Regulation of voltage quality and reactive power management in power system:DL/T 1198-2013[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2013.