某连通型地下空间商业开发对既有地铁车站疏散能力影响
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摘要
为避免或降低连通型地下空间商业开发对车站疏散带来不利影响,基于地铁车站现场调研数据,利用仿真软件模拟了某连通型地下空间商业开发前后车站的疏散过程,分析了该地下空间商业开发对既有地铁车站疏散能力的影响,并针对不利影响提出了对策措施。研究结果表明:当地下空间与车站之间的防火卷帘不落下时,商业开发虽然对站台层的疏散无影响,但会增加与地下空间相邻2个出口的疏散人数,导致2个出口产生拥堵,增加了疏散时间;车站和商场可以通过工作人员或利用广播引导乘客向各出口均匀疏散的手段来降低商业开发带来的不利影响。提出的研究方法可以评估连通型空间开发对车站疏散能力的影响,为此类商业开发的设计提供参考。
In order to avoid or reduce the negative impact of commercial development of connected underground space on the evacuation of existing subway station,the evacuation process of a subway station before and after the commercial development of a connected underground space was simulated by using a simulation software based on the data observed through the field observation at the subway station. The influence of commercial development of the underground space on the evacuation capacity of the existing subway station was analyzed,and the relevant countermeasures aiming at the negative impact were proposed. The results showed that when the fire resistant shutters connecting the underground space and the station did not fall,the commercial development of connected underground space had no effect on the evacuation of the platform. However,it increased the number of evacuees who used two exits adjacent to the underground space for evacuation. Moreover,the commercial development of the underground space led to the congestion of the two exits and increased the evacuation time. The operators of the station and the shopping mall could reduce the adverse effects of commercial development by means of staff or broadcasting to guide the passengers to evacuate evenly to all exits. This method can be used to evaluate the impact of development of connected space on the evacuation capacity of subway stations,and it can serve as a reference for the design of such commercial development.
In order to avoid or reduce the negative impact of commercial development of connected underground space on the evacuation of existing subway station,the evacuation process of a subway station before and after the commercial development of a connected underground space was simulated by using a simulation software based on the data observed through the field observation at the subway station. The influence of commercial development of the underground space on the evacuation capacity of the existing subway station was analyzed,and the relevant countermeasures aiming at the negative impact were proposed. The results showed that when the fire resistant shutters connecting the underground space and the station did not fall,the commercial development of connected underground space had no effect on the evacuation of the platform. However,it increased the number of evacuees who used two exits adjacent to the underground space for evacuation. Moreover,the commercial development of the underground space led to the congestion of the two exits and increased the evacuation time. The operators of the station and the shopping mall could reduce the adverse effects of commercial development by means of staff or broadcasting to guide the passengers to evacuate evenly to all exits. This method can be used to evaluate the impact of development of connected space on the evacuation capacity of subway stations,and it can serve as a reference for the design of such commercial development.
引文
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[15]郭雩,何理,石杰红.北京地铁1号线A站乘客疏散行为实测研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(12):143-147.GUO Yu,HE Li,SHI Jiehong. Field observation research on evacuation behavior of passengers at A station of Beijing subway line 1[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2013,9(12):143-147.
[2]方平,唐军.轨道交通联通型地下空间人员疏散的研究[J].消防科学与技术. 2016,35(7):927-930.FANG Ping,TANG Jun. Evacuation research on underground space of urban rail transit[J]. Fire Science and Technology. 2016,35(7):927-930.
[3]王进.上盖开发的地铁车辆段防火性能化分析与研究[D].北京:首都经济贸易大学,2011.
[4] LING H,JIA G,WEI Z. Self-evacuation modelling and simulation of passengers in metro stations[J]. Safety Science,2018,110:127-133.
[5] ANASTASIOS K,DESPINA P,VASILIKI A,et al. Evacuation method evaluation in underground metro station[J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction,2018,31:526-534.
[6] BELLOMO N,GIBELLI L,OUTADA N. On the interplay between behavioral dynamics and social interactions in human crowds[J].Kinetic and Related Models. 2019,12(2):397-409.
[7] WU Y,XU J,JIA L,et al. Estimation of emergency evacuation capacity for subway stations[J]. Journal of Transportation Safety&Security. 2018,10(6):586-601.
[8] HIROYUKI KADOKURA, AI SEKIZAWA, WATARU TAKAHASHI. Study on availability and issues of evacuation usingstopped escalators in a subway station[J]. Fire and Materials,2012,36(5-6):16-428.
[9] ZHANG L M,WU X G,LIU M J,et al. Discovering worst fire scenarios in subway stations:A simulation approach[J]. Automation in Construction,2019,99:183-196.
[10]王起全,王帷先.地铁火灾应急疏散路线规划与对策[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(3):131-136.WANG Qiquan,WANG Weixian. Planning and countermeasures of emergency evacuation route in subway fire[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2017,13(3):131-136
[11] LI Y F,WANG H Y,WANG C,et al. Personnel evacuation research of subway transfer station based on fire environment[J].Procedia Engineering,2017,25:1877-7058.
[12] YANG X X,DONG H R,YAO X M,et al. Pedestrian evacuation at the subway station under fire[J]. Chinese Physics,2016,25(4):048902
[13]杜长宝,朱国庆,李俊毅.疏散模拟软件STEPS与Pathfinder对比研究[J].消防科学与技术,2015(4):456-460.DU Changbao,ZHU Guoqing,LI Junyi. Comparative study on evacuation simulation software STEPS and Pathfinder[J]. Fire Science and Technology,2015(4):456-460.
[14] LI Z Y,TANG M B,LIANG D,et al. Numerical simulation of evacuation in a subway station[J]. Procedia Engineering,2016,135:615-621.
[15]郭雩,何理,石杰红.北京地铁1号线A站乘客疏散行为实测研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(12):143-147.GUO Yu,HE Li,SHI Jiehong. Field observation research on evacuation behavior of passengers at A station of Beijing subway line 1[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2013,9(12):143-147.