最低工资制度的劳动供给效应
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摘要
基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS) 2011年和2012年的数据,运用自然实验方法和双重差分方法,定量分析最低工资制度对劳动供给的影响。研究结果显示,总体上,最低工资标准的提升对劳动者就业具有积极作用,同时还有利于增加劳动者的劳动时间;不同地区的考察结果表明,最低工资制度的劳动供给效应具有显著的地区差异,对于西部地区的劳动供给具有促进效应,而对于东部地区的劳动供给则具有抑制效应;最低工资调整幅度的考察结果得出,最低工资调整幅度在30%以下时,其具有促进劳动供给的作用,而调整幅度超过30%时,则具有抑制劳动供给的作用。
Based on the data of the China Comprehensive Social Survey( CGSS) in 2011 and 2012,the natural experiment method and the double difference method were used to quantitatively analyze the impact of the minimum wage system on labor supply in this paper. The result shows that,on the whole,the improvement of the minimum wage standard has a positive effect on the employment of laborers,and it is also conducive to increasing the labor time of laborers. In different regions,the labor supply effect of the minimum wage system has significant regional differences. It has a promoting effect on the labor supply in the western region,but has a restraining effect on the labor supply in the eastern region. According o the minimum wage adjustment,when the minimum wage adjustment is below 30%,it plays a role in promoting labor supply. When the adjustment range exceeds 30%,it has the effect of suppressing labor supply.
Based on the data of the China Comprehensive Social Survey( CGSS) in 2011 and 2012,the natural experiment method and the double difference method were used to quantitatively analyze the impact of the minimum wage system on labor supply in this paper. The result shows that,on the whole,the improvement of the minimum wage standard has a positive effect on the employment of laborers,and it is also conducive to increasing the labor time of laborers. In different regions,the labor supply effect of the minimum wage system has significant regional differences. It has a promoting effect on the labor supply in the western region,but has a restraining effect on the labor supply in the eastern region. According o the minimum wage adjustment,when the minimum wage adjustment is below 30%,it plays a role in promoting labor supply. When the adjustment range exceeds 30%,it has the effect of suppressing labor supply.
引文
[1]郭继强.中国城市次级劳动力市场中民工劳动供给分析———兼论向右下方倾斜的劳动供给曲线[J].中国社会科学,2005,(5):16-26,204.
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[3]罗小兰.我国最低工资标准农民工就业效应分析———对全国、地区及行业的实证研究[J].财经研究,2007,(11):114-123,143.
[4]吴红宇.工资率下降时增加劳动供给时间的劳动者个体特征研究[J].贵州财经学院学报,2010,(3):36-40.
[5]Heckman,J. What Has Been Learned about Labor Supply in the Past Twenty Years?[J]. American Eco-nomic Review,1993,83(2):116-121
[6]Card,D.,Krueger,A. B. Minimum Wages and Employment:A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey andPennsylvania[J]. American Economic Review,1994,84(4):772-793.
[7]Flinn Christopher. Minimum Wage Effects on labor Market Outcome under Search,Matching,and Endogenous Contact Rates[J]. Econometrica,2006,74(4):1013-1062.
[8]Brown,C.,Gilroy,C.,Kohen,A. The Effect of the Minimum Wage on Employment and Unemployment[J]. Journal of Eco-nomic Literature,1982,20(2):487-528.
[9]Neumark,D.,Wascher,W. Employment Effects of Minimum and Subminimum Wages:Panel Data on State Minimum WageLaws[J]. Industrial and Labor Relations Review,1992,46(1):55-81.
[10]Linneman,P. The Economic Impacts of Minimum Wage Laws:A New Look at An Old Question[J]. Journal of Political E-conomy,1982,90(3),pp. 443-469.
[11]Strobl,E.,F. Walsh. Dealing with Monopsony Power:Employment Subsidies vs. Minimum Wages[J]. Economics Letters,2007,94(1):83-89.
[12]Neumark,D.,M. Schweitzer,W. Wascher. Minimum Wage Effects throughout the Wage Distribution[J]. Journal of Hu-man Resources,2004,39(2):425-450.
[13]Stewart,M. B.,J. K. Swaffield. The Other Margin:Do Minimum Wages Cause Working Hours Adjustments for Low-WageWorkers?[J]. Economica,2008,75(297):148-167.
[14]韩兆洲,安宁宁.最低工资、劳动力供给与失业———基于VAR模型的实证分析[J].暨南学报:哲学社会科学版,2007,(1):38-44.
[15]邓大松,卢小波.最低工资会挤出外出劳动力供给吗?———基于第五次人口普查和地级市匹配数据的分析[J].学习与探索,2016,(10):102-108,176.
[16]贾朋,张世伟.最低工资提升的劳动供给效应:一个基于自然实验的经验研究[J].南方经济,2013,(1):1-13.
[17]Heckman,J. J. Sample Selection Bias as A Specification Error[J]. Econometrica,1979,47(1):153-161.
[2]付廷臣.我国城市农民工劳动供给曲线的理论分析和实证检验[J].城市发展研究,2007,(3):98-103,109.
[3]罗小兰.我国最低工资标准农民工就业效应分析———对全国、地区及行业的实证研究[J].财经研究,2007,(11):114-123,143.
[4]吴红宇.工资率下降时增加劳动供给时间的劳动者个体特征研究[J].贵州财经学院学报,2010,(3):36-40.
[5]Heckman,J. What Has Been Learned about Labor Supply in the Past Twenty Years?[J]. American Eco-nomic Review,1993,83(2):116-121
[6]Card,D.,Krueger,A. B. Minimum Wages and Employment:A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey andPennsylvania[J]. American Economic Review,1994,84(4):772-793.
[7]Flinn Christopher. Minimum Wage Effects on labor Market Outcome under Search,Matching,and Endogenous Contact Rates[J]. Econometrica,2006,74(4):1013-1062.
[8]Brown,C.,Gilroy,C.,Kohen,A. The Effect of the Minimum Wage on Employment and Unemployment[J]. Journal of Eco-nomic Literature,1982,20(2):487-528.
[9]Neumark,D.,Wascher,W. Employment Effects of Minimum and Subminimum Wages:Panel Data on State Minimum WageLaws[J]. Industrial and Labor Relations Review,1992,46(1):55-81.
[10]Linneman,P. The Economic Impacts of Minimum Wage Laws:A New Look at An Old Question[J]. Journal of Political E-conomy,1982,90(3),pp. 443-469.
[11]Strobl,E.,F. Walsh. Dealing with Monopsony Power:Employment Subsidies vs. Minimum Wages[J]. Economics Letters,2007,94(1):83-89.
[12]Neumark,D.,M. Schweitzer,W. Wascher. Minimum Wage Effects throughout the Wage Distribution[J]. Journal of Hu-man Resources,2004,39(2):425-450.
[13]Stewart,M. B.,J. K. Swaffield. The Other Margin:Do Minimum Wages Cause Working Hours Adjustments for Low-WageWorkers?[J]. Economica,2008,75(297):148-167.
[14]韩兆洲,安宁宁.最低工资、劳动力供给与失业———基于VAR模型的实证分析[J].暨南学报:哲学社会科学版,2007,(1):38-44.
[15]邓大松,卢小波.最低工资会挤出外出劳动力供给吗?———基于第五次人口普查和地级市匹配数据的分析[J].学习与探索,2016,(10):102-108,176.
[16]贾朋,张世伟.最低工资提升的劳动供给效应:一个基于自然实验的经验研究[J].南方经济,2013,(1):1-13.
[17]Heckman,J. J. Sample Selection Bias as A Specification Error[J]. Econometrica,1979,47(1):153-161.