塔中涡动资料不同坐标旋转方法比较分析
|
摘要
坐标旋转是涡动协方差(EC)通量观测数据后处理当中必须进行的步骤,本文利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中西面标校站自然沙丘上3 m高度和塔中本站32 m高度2009年4—10月湍流通量数据,对比分析了不同坐标旋转方法在塔中通量观测数据中的应用。结果表明,塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中湍流各通量在旋转订正前后差别不显著,不订正造成的通量计算误差<1%。塔中32 m和塔中西站3 m通量计算误差,与两个站点的采集仪器架设高度差别较大有关。即使对于相对平坦的下垫面,也必须要进行倾斜校正,以修正地势、仪器振动、安装倾斜等产生的虚假信息。本研究对塔中涡动资料进行旋转时采用了二次坐标旋转方法。此结果为塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地EC通量观测的风速仪倾斜校正提供参考。
Coordinate rotation is an essential step for eddy covariance(EC) flux measurements in data post-processing. Based on the turbulence flux data in 3-m height in the west weather station of Tazhong and 32-m height in Tazhong weather station during April and October in 2009,we compared and analyzed the application of different coordinate rotation methods for eddy flux observation data in Tazhong. We found that the turbulent fluxes in Tazhong station which in the hinterland of the Taklamakan Desert do not have significant difference between before and after the rotation correction,and the error of flux calculation is less than 1% before the rotation correction. The error in flux calculation of 32-m height in Tazhong station and 3-m height tower in the west weather staion of Tazhong is related to the height of acquisition instrument erection between the two stations. Even for relatively flat underlying surfaces,tilt correction must be carried out to correct false information generated by terrain,instrument vibration,installation tilt,etc. In this study,we adopted the double coordinate rotation method to process EC flux data in Tazhong station. The results are useful for the tilt correction of anemometer in EC flux observations in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert.
Coordinate rotation is an essential step for eddy covariance(EC) flux measurements in data post-processing. Based on the turbulence flux data in 3-m height in the west weather station of Tazhong and 32-m height in Tazhong weather station during April and October in 2009,we compared and analyzed the application of different coordinate rotation methods for eddy flux observation data in Tazhong. We found that the turbulent fluxes in Tazhong station which in the hinterland of the Taklamakan Desert do not have significant difference between before and after the rotation correction,and the error of flux calculation is less than 1% before the rotation correction. The error in flux calculation of 32-m height in Tazhong station and 3-m height tower in the west weather staion of Tazhong is related to the height of acquisition instrument erection between the two stations. Even for relatively flat underlying surfaces,tilt correction must be carried out to correct false information generated by terrain,instrument vibration,installation tilt,etc. In this study,we adopted the double coordinate rotation method to process EC flux data in Tazhong station. The results are useful for the tilt correction of anemometer in EC flux observations in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert.
引文
[1]陈丽晶,张镭,梁捷宁,等.半干旱区不同下垫面大气湍流通量比较分析[J].高原气象,2017,36(5):1325-1335.
[2]于贵瑞,孙晓敏.中国陆地生态系统碳通量观测技术及时空变化特征[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:1-19.
[3]Baldocchi D,Falge L,Gu L H,et al.FLUXNET:A new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide,water vapor,and energy flux densities[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc.,2001,82(11):2415-2434.
[4]张宏昇.大气湍流基础[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2014:8-10.
[5]黄洁,金莉莉,曹兴,等.塔中气象要素变化特征[J].干旱气象,2011,29(3):315-321,349.
[6]Wilczak J M,Oncley S P,Stage S A.Sonic anemometer tilts correction algorithms[J].Boundary-Layer Meteor,2001,99:127-150.
[7]Vickers D,Mahrt L.Quality control and flux sampling problems for tower and aircraft data[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,1997,14:512-526.
[8]郭建侠,卞林根,戴永久.在华北玉米生育期观测的16m高度CO2浓度及通量特征[J].大气科学,2007,31(4):695-707.
[9]Vaisala,Inc.Tethersonde Meteorological tower,user’s guide[M].Vaisala,inc,Fin200421,Helsinki,2000.
[10]Kaimal J C,Haugen D A.Some errors in the measurement of Reynolds stress[J].Journal of Apply Meteorology,1969,8:460-462.
[11]Massman W J,Lee X.Eddy covariance flux corrections and uncertainties in long-term studies of carbon and energy exchanges[J].Agric For Meteor,2002,113:121-144.
[12]Finnigan J J,Clement R,Malhi Y,et al.Are-evaluation of long-term flux measurement techniques PartI:Average and coordinate rotation[J].Boundary-Layer Meteor,2003,107:1-48.
[13]Finnigan J J.Are-evaluation of long-term flux measurement techniques Part II:coordinate systems[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2004,113:1-41.
[14]朱治林,孙晓敏.非平坦下垫面涡动相关通量的校正方法及其在China Flux中的应用[J].中国科学,D辑,2004,34(增刊Ⅱ):37-45.
[15]Webb E K,Pearman G I,Leuning R.Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapor transfer[J].Quart J Roy Meteor Soc,1980,106:85-100.
[16]于贵瑞,孙晓敏.陆地生态系统通量观测的原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:165-238.
[17]慕文玲,霍文,何清,等.塔中人工绿地与自然沙面辐射平衡对比研究[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(4):87-94.
[18]霍文,金莉莉,王囝囝,等.沙漠陆面过程与沙漠小气候研究进展[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(5):87-94.
[19]庄金鑫,王维真,王介民.涡动相关通量计算及三种主要软件的比较分析[J].高原气象,2013,32(1):78-87.
[2]于贵瑞,孙晓敏.中国陆地生态系统碳通量观测技术及时空变化特征[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:1-19.
[3]Baldocchi D,Falge L,Gu L H,et al.FLUXNET:A new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide,water vapor,and energy flux densities[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc.,2001,82(11):2415-2434.
[4]张宏昇.大气湍流基础[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2014:8-10.
[5]黄洁,金莉莉,曹兴,等.塔中气象要素变化特征[J].干旱气象,2011,29(3):315-321,349.
[6]Wilczak J M,Oncley S P,Stage S A.Sonic anemometer tilts correction algorithms[J].Boundary-Layer Meteor,2001,99:127-150.
[7]Vickers D,Mahrt L.Quality control and flux sampling problems for tower and aircraft data[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,1997,14:512-526.
[8]郭建侠,卞林根,戴永久.在华北玉米生育期观测的16m高度CO2浓度及通量特征[J].大气科学,2007,31(4):695-707.
[9]Vaisala,Inc.Tethersonde Meteorological tower,user’s guide[M].Vaisala,inc,Fin200421,Helsinki,2000.
[10]Kaimal J C,Haugen D A.Some errors in the measurement of Reynolds stress[J].Journal of Apply Meteorology,1969,8:460-462.
[11]Massman W J,Lee X.Eddy covariance flux corrections and uncertainties in long-term studies of carbon and energy exchanges[J].Agric For Meteor,2002,113:121-144.
[12]Finnigan J J,Clement R,Malhi Y,et al.Are-evaluation of long-term flux measurement techniques PartI:Average and coordinate rotation[J].Boundary-Layer Meteor,2003,107:1-48.
[13]Finnigan J J.Are-evaluation of long-term flux measurement techniques Part II:coordinate systems[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2004,113:1-41.
[14]朱治林,孙晓敏.非平坦下垫面涡动相关通量的校正方法及其在China Flux中的应用[J].中国科学,D辑,2004,34(增刊Ⅱ):37-45.
[15]Webb E K,Pearman G I,Leuning R.Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapor transfer[J].Quart J Roy Meteor Soc,1980,106:85-100.
[16]于贵瑞,孙晓敏.陆地生态系统通量观测的原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:165-238.
[17]慕文玲,霍文,何清,等.塔中人工绿地与自然沙面辐射平衡对比研究[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(4):87-94.
[18]霍文,金莉莉,王囝囝,等.沙漠陆面过程与沙漠小气候研究进展[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(5):87-94.
[19]庄金鑫,王维真,王介民.涡动相关通量计算及三种主要软件的比较分析[J].高原气象,2013,32(1):78-87.