江汉平原稻虾综合种养模式经济效益和生态效益分析
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摘要
为了解江汉平原地区稻虾综合种养模式的发展现状及存在问题,根据2018年江汉平原稻虾综合种养主要生产地区7个县(市、区)的调查数据,统计分析了稻虾综合种养模式在生产投入、经济效益、化肥及病虫害方面的效应。结果显示,江汉平原稻虾综合种养模式呈"井喷式"发展,规模化程度逐渐加强,近2～3年,各类经营主体数量明显增加;稻虾综合种养模式的成本构成中,土地流转费、种虾(虾苗)购置费、饲料费是主要构成方面,而机收费、挖沟筑埂费、雇工费是次要构成方面;氮肥和磷肥施用量较水稻单作模式明显降低,钾肥和复合肥施用量基本保持不变;稻虾综合种养模式有效地减轻了部分虫害的发生,但部分病害发生率有所提高。总结了稻虾综合种养模式发展的关键问题,旨在为稻虾综合种养模式的可持续发展提供依据。
Based on the survey of rice-crayfish integrated systems from seven town in Jianghan plain in 2018,the current status and its problems of the development in rice-crayfish integrated systems were investigated.The production inputs,economic benefits,fertilizer and the disease and insect pests were analyzed and suggestions for the future development of ricecrayfish integrated systems were provided.Results show that the number of area and organizations are growing rapidly in recent years,especially in nearly three years.The expenses of land circulation,purchasing parental crayfish and formula feed are the mainly part of the total cost in the system,while the expenses of renting reaping machine,digging ditches and employment consist the secondary part of the total cost.Compared with the rice monoculture,the rice-crayfish integrated systems had lower application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer,while the application amount of potash fertilizer and compound fertilizer remained basically unchanged.Although the occurrence rate of insect pests decreased in rice-crayfish integrated systems compared with the rice monoculture,the occurrence rate of disease in rice increased oppositely.This investigation revealed the key problems in the development of the rice-crayfish integrated system,and provided scientific basis for the sustainable development of this system.
Based on the survey of rice-crayfish integrated systems from seven town in Jianghan plain in 2018,the current status and its problems of the development in rice-crayfish integrated systems were investigated.The production inputs,economic benefits,fertilizer and the disease and insect pests were analyzed and suggestions for the future development of ricecrayfish integrated systems were provided.Results show that the number of area and organizations are growing rapidly in recent years,especially in nearly three years.The expenses of land circulation,purchasing parental crayfish and formula feed are the mainly part of the total cost in the system,while the expenses of renting reaping machine,digging ditches and employment consist the secondary part of the total cost.Compared with the rice monoculture,the rice-crayfish integrated systems had lower application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer,while the application amount of potash fertilizer and compound fertilizer remained basically unchanged.Although the occurrence rate of insect pests decreased in rice-crayfish integrated systems compared with the rice monoculture,the occurrence rate of disease in rice increased oppositely.This investigation revealed the key problems in the development of the rice-crayfish integrated system,and provided scientific basis for the sustainable development of this system.
引文
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[19]徐增洪,刘国锋,水燕,等.人工栽培水草对池塘养殖生态环境和虾蟹生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(6):328-331.
[20]宋光同,丁凤琴,陈静,等.亲虾规格、隐蔽物、光照度及密度对克氏原螯虾繁殖效果的影响[J].水产科学,2012,31(9):549-553.
[21]全为民,严力蛟.农业面源污染对水体富营养化的影响及其防治措施[J].生态学报,2002,22(3):291-299.
[22] TILMAN D,CASSMAN K G,MATSON P A,et al. Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices[J].Nature,2002,418(6898):671-677.
[23]曹凑贵,江洋,汪金平,等.稻虾共作模式的“双刃性”及可持续发展策略[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(9):1245-1253.
[2]李嘉尧,常东,李柏年,等.不同稻田综合种养模式的成本效益分析[J].水产学报,2014,38(9):1431-1438.
[3]马达文,钱静,刘家寿,等.稻渔综合种养及其发展建议[J].中国工程科学,2016,18(3):96-100.
[4]丁伟华.中国稻田水产养殖的潜力和经济效益分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014.
[5]刘某承,张丹,李文华.稻田养鱼与常规稻田耕作模式的综合效益比较研究———以浙江省青田县为例[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(1):164-169.
[6] LIU Y M,WU L P,ZHONG Y. A high-efficiency production model for paddy ecosystem in suburbs[J].Journal of ecology and rural environment,2006,22(3):15-18.
[7]陈飞星,张增杰.稻田养蟹模式的生态经济分析[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(3):323-326.
[8]杨勇.稻渔共作生态特征与安全优质高效生产技术研究[D].江苏扬州:扬州大学,2004.
[9] AHMED N,FLAHERTY M S. Opportunities and challenges for the development of prawn farming with fish and rice in southeast Bangladesh:Potential for food security and economic growth[J].Food security,2013,5(5):637-649.
[10]陈勇.饲养密度对克氏原螯虾生长和成活率的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2016,43(1):37-41.
[11]岳彩峰.生长环境和食物对克氏原螯虾幼体生长发育的影响[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2009.
[12]孙瑞杰,龚世园,马艳霞,等.克氏原螯虾产卵适宜生态环境的研究[J].淡水渔业,2008,38(4):16-19.
[13] WEBER S,TRAUNSPURGER W. Invasive red swamp crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)and native noble crayfish(Astacus astacus)similarly reduce oligochaetes,epipelic algae,and meiofauna biomass:A microcosm study[J].Freshwater science,2017,36(1):103-112.
[14] CARREIRA B M,DIAS M P,REBELO R. How consumption and fragmentation of macrophytes by the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii shape the macrophyte communities of temporary ponds[J].Hydrobiologia,2014,721(1):89-98.
[15]徐增洪,周鑫,水燕.克氏原螯虾的食物选择性及其摄食节律[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(2):166-170.
[16]但丽,张世萍,羊茜,等.克氏原螯虾食性和摄食活动的研究[J].湖北农业科学,2007,46(3):436-438.
[17]吴凯,马旭洲,王友成,等.3种水草腐解对水质的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(5):726-734.
[18]郭印,魏华,邵乃麟,等.不同空心菜覆盖率对稻虾鳝共作稻田环沟水质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(36):91-93.
[19]徐增洪,刘国锋,水燕,等.人工栽培水草对池塘养殖生态环境和虾蟹生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(6):328-331.
[20]宋光同,丁凤琴,陈静,等.亲虾规格、隐蔽物、光照度及密度对克氏原螯虾繁殖效果的影响[J].水产科学,2012,31(9):549-553.
[21]全为民,严力蛟.农业面源污染对水体富营养化的影响及其防治措施[J].生态学报,2002,22(3):291-299.
[22] TILMAN D,CASSMAN K G,MATSON P A,et al. Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices[J].Nature,2002,418(6898):671-677.
[23]曹凑贵,江洋,汪金平,等.稻虾共作模式的“双刃性”及可持续发展策略[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(9):1245-1253.