彝良县大石盘组崩塌机理及防治对策
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摘要
崩塌落石作为边坡尤其是高陡边坡的一种浅表部破坏方式,是严重的地质灾害之一,具有发生时间不确定、崩落速度极快、主要沿垂直方向坠落的特点,一旦发生崩塌灾害将会造成重大的生命及财产损失。在对彝良县大石盘组崩塌体开展应急调查和测量的基础上,对崩塌体的地质背景和崩塌灾害的基本特征进行了描述,并采用赤平投影法分析了崩塌体节理裂隙的组合特征;从大气降雨、地震作用、人类工程活动三个方面对崩塌形成条件进行了分析,并指出崩塌的破坏模式为拉裂-滑移式,崩塌的破坏过程分为4个阶段,即初始震裂变形阶段、累积变形阶段、启动破坏阶段、稳定与堆积阶段;最后提出了崩塌灾害的工程治理措施及防治对策,即危石清理、危岩体锚杆锚固和主动柔性防护网加固、修建截排水沟、纳入群测群防体系、加强房屋建设规划与管理。该研究可为彝良县崩塌地质灾害的防治工作提供依据。
As a superficial failure mode of slope,especially high and steep slope,rockfall is one of the most severe geological disasters.With uncertainty in occurrence time,it falls extremely fast and mainly along the vertical direction of falling,causing significant loss of life and property.Firstly,on the basis of the emergency investigation and measurement of Dashipan Group collapse in Yiliang County for the first time,this paper summarizes the engineering geological conditions and basic characteristics of the collapse,and uses the stereographic projection method to analyze fissure combination characteristic of the collapse.Secondly,the paper analyses the cause of the collapse from three aspects,including human engineering activities,earthquake,and rainfall.Thirdly,the paper points out that the collapse failure mode is ripping-slippage type,and divides the failure process of collapse into four stages for collapse geological disasters,including initial deformation stage,cumulative deformation stage,startup and destruction stage and stable and accumulation stage.At last,the paper puts forward five engineering control and prevention countermeasures,including clearing small boulder and inlaying large boulder,steel grating and anchor,intercepting drain,group of policy control,and strengthening the management of housing construction.The research provides scientific basis about geological disaster prevention for Yiliang County.
As a superficial failure mode of slope,especially high and steep slope,rockfall is one of the most severe geological disasters.With uncertainty in occurrence time,it falls extremely fast and mainly along the vertical direction of falling,causing significant loss of life and property.Firstly,on the basis of the emergency investigation and measurement of Dashipan Group collapse in Yiliang County for the first time,this paper summarizes the engineering geological conditions and basic characteristics of the collapse,and uses the stereographic projection method to analyze fissure combination characteristic of the collapse.Secondly,the paper analyses the cause of the collapse from three aspects,including human engineering activities,earthquake,and rainfall.Thirdly,the paper points out that the collapse failure mode is ripping-slippage type,and divides the failure process of collapse into four stages for collapse geological disasters,including initial deformation stage,cumulative deformation stage,startup and destruction stage and stable and accumulation stage.At last,the paper puts forward five engineering control and prevention countermeasures,including clearing small boulder and inlaying large boulder,steel grating and anchor,intercepting drain,group of policy control,and strengthening the management of housing construction.The research provides scientific basis about geological disaster prevention for Yiliang County.
引文
[1]刘传正.重庆武隆鸡尾山危岩体形成与崩塌成因分析[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(3):297-303.
[2]李振林,孙加荣,刘颖,等.崩塌块体形成原因及其演变过程探讨[J].安全与环境工程,2011,18(4):20-22.
[3]冯振,陈云霞,李滨,等.重庆南川甑子岩山体崩塌机制研究[J].水文地质工程地质学,2016,43(1):50-56.
[4]李鹏,苏生瑞,黄宇,等.震裂-滑移式崩塌形成机制及变形规律研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(12):3576-3582.
[5]成良霞,苏生瑞,李松,等.震后公路边坡崩塌地质灾害形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(2):249-258.
[6]董金玉,杨继红,伍法权,等.三峡库区软硬互层近水平地层高切坡崩塌研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(1):151-157.
[7]冉涛,文宝萍,苏昌,等.湖北五峰赵家岩崩塌形成机理分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(6):114-118.
[8]Feng Z,Li B,Yin Y P,et al.Rockslides on limestone cliffs with sub-horizontal bedding in the southwestern calcareous area,China[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Science,2014,14(9):2627-2635.
[9]Poisel R,Eppensteiner W.A contribution to the systematics of rock mass movements[C]//Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Landslides.Lausanne:CRC Press,1988:1353-1357.
[10]Poisel R,Angerer H,P9llinger M,et al.Mechanics and velocity of the Lrchberg-Galgenwald landslide(Austria)[J].Engineering Geology,2009,109(1):57-66.
[11]Ambraseys N,Srbulov M.Earthquake induced displacements of slopes[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,1995,14(1):59-71.
[12]Marzorati S,Luzi L,Amicis M D.Rock falls induced by earthquakes:A statistical approach[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2002,22(7):565-577.
[13]罗元华,伍法权,常中华.三峡库区奉节县新城区T2b3泥质灰岩斜坡变形破坏模式的现象学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2029-2034.
[14]李世凯,彭社琴,赵其华,等.四川省汶川县城区某斜坡危岩体破坏模式及治理[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2009,20(4):1-6.
[15]黄波林,刘广宁,彭轩明.重庆市涪陵区厚层软硬相间岩体失稳模式[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(4):516-521
[16]赵亮,何松云,仝德.深圳市斜坡类地质灾害发育特征及影响因素分析[J].安全与环境工程,2008,15(4):15-17.
[17]陈刚,张慕远,胡丽,等.福建省宁化县地质灾害发育规律及其影响因素[J].安全与环境工程,2011,18(5):15-19.
[18]王孝健,苏生瑞,成良霞.汶川地震区映秀-卧龙公路边坡崩塌类型的赤平投影解法[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2012,23(1):48-54.
[19]Siad L.Seismicstability analysis of fractured rockslopes by yield design theory[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2003,23:203-212.
[20]Keefer D V.Landslides caused by earthquakes[J].Gerological Society of America Bulletin,1984,95(4):406-421.
[21]邓敏,饶新平,雷波.熊猫苑圈舍后山崩塌危岩带稳定性分析[J].安全与环境工程,2011,18(3):13-16.
[22]熊健,邓清禄,张宏亮,等.崩塌落石冲击荷载作用下埋地管道的安全评价[J].安全与环境工程,2013,20(1):108-114.
[23]安海堂,刘平.新疆鄯善县吐峪沟千佛洞崩塌灾害特征及防治对策探讨[J].安全与环境工程,2011,18(1):9-12.
[2]李振林,孙加荣,刘颖,等.崩塌块体形成原因及其演变过程探讨[J].安全与环境工程,2011,18(4):20-22.
[3]冯振,陈云霞,李滨,等.重庆南川甑子岩山体崩塌机制研究[J].水文地质工程地质学,2016,43(1):50-56.
[4]李鹏,苏生瑞,黄宇,等.震裂-滑移式崩塌形成机制及变形规律研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(12):3576-3582.
[5]成良霞,苏生瑞,李松,等.震后公路边坡崩塌地质灾害形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(2):249-258.
[6]董金玉,杨继红,伍法权,等.三峡库区软硬互层近水平地层高切坡崩塌研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(1):151-157.
[7]冉涛,文宝萍,苏昌,等.湖北五峰赵家岩崩塌形成机理分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(6):114-118.
[8]Feng Z,Li B,Yin Y P,et al.Rockslides on limestone cliffs with sub-horizontal bedding in the southwestern calcareous area,China[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Science,2014,14(9):2627-2635.
[9]Poisel R,Eppensteiner W.A contribution to the systematics of rock mass movements[C]//Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Landslides.Lausanne:CRC Press,1988:1353-1357.
[10]Poisel R,Angerer H,P9llinger M,et al.Mechanics and velocity of the Lrchberg-Galgenwald landslide(Austria)[J].Engineering Geology,2009,109(1):57-66.
[11]Ambraseys N,Srbulov M.Earthquake induced displacements of slopes[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,1995,14(1):59-71.
[12]Marzorati S,Luzi L,Amicis M D.Rock falls induced by earthquakes:A statistical approach[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2002,22(7):565-577.
[13]罗元华,伍法权,常中华.三峡库区奉节县新城区T2b3泥质灰岩斜坡变形破坏模式的现象学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2029-2034.
[14]李世凯,彭社琴,赵其华,等.四川省汶川县城区某斜坡危岩体破坏模式及治理[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2009,20(4):1-6.
[15]黄波林,刘广宁,彭轩明.重庆市涪陵区厚层软硬相间岩体失稳模式[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(4):516-521
[16]赵亮,何松云,仝德.深圳市斜坡类地质灾害发育特征及影响因素分析[J].安全与环境工程,2008,15(4):15-17.
[17]陈刚,张慕远,胡丽,等.福建省宁化县地质灾害发育规律及其影响因素[J].安全与环境工程,2011,18(5):15-19.
[18]王孝健,苏生瑞,成良霞.汶川地震区映秀-卧龙公路边坡崩塌类型的赤平投影解法[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2012,23(1):48-54.
[19]Siad L.Seismicstability analysis of fractured rockslopes by yield design theory[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2003,23:203-212.
[20]Keefer D V.Landslides caused by earthquakes[J].Gerological Society of America Bulletin,1984,95(4):406-421.
[21]邓敏,饶新平,雷波.熊猫苑圈舍后山崩塌危岩带稳定性分析[J].安全与环境工程,2011,18(3):13-16.
[22]熊健,邓清禄,张宏亮,等.崩塌落石冲击荷载作用下埋地管道的安全评价[J].安全与环境工程,2013,20(1):108-114.
[23]安海堂,刘平.新疆鄯善县吐峪沟千佛洞崩塌灾害特征及防治对策探讨[J].安全与环境工程,2011,18(1):9-12.