摘要
为了解决蒙古扁桃移栽保护工作中粗放移栽方式导致的移栽成活率低和移栽后苗木生长缓慢的问题,通过2018年在榆林地区的田间试验(采用三因素三水平的正交设计方案,随机小区排列),分析了不同水肥条件、不同覆盖方式对0~100 cm土壤含水率、5~20 cm土层温度以及移栽蒙古扁桃的出芽情况和生理生长情况的影响。结果表明,相比无覆盖处理,覆盖处理后土壤温度和耕层土壤含水率显著升高(p<0.05),但在夏季高温天气,黑膜覆盖处理可有效防止地温过高。覆盖处理下,移栽蒙古扁桃的出芽率显著提高48.2%~66.4%(p<0.05),提前5~7 d出芽,并随灌水量的增加而显著增加(p<0.05)。施氮量的增加对移栽蒙古扁桃出芽略有抑制作用。在生理生长方面,覆盖处理下蒙古扁桃叶面积和叶绿素含量显著高于无覆盖处理(p<0.05)(分别增加了76.1%~93.1%和12.6%~46.6%);SLW显著低于无覆盖处理(p<0.05),降低了33.2%~41.7%。综上所述,100%田持灌水、270 kg/hm2施氮和黑色地膜覆盖处理在榆林地区移栽蒙古扁桃的各项指标中均表现较好,能够有效提高移栽的成活率,促进移栽蒙古扁桃的生长,因此,A3B1C2处理组合是用于榆林地区移栽蒙古扁桃较优的灌水、施氮以及覆盖组合。
To solve the problem of low transplant survival rate and slow growth of seedlings after transplanting due to the extensive transplanting method in Mongolian almond transplanting protection work,the field experiment was designed in Yulin area in 2018,the three factors and three levels orthogonal scheme is adopted and each cell is randomly arranged. The effects of different water and fertilizer conditions and different coverage methods on soil moisture content of 0 ~ 100 cm layer,soil temperature of 5 ~ 20 cm layer and the germination and physiological growth of transplanted Mongolian almond were studied. The results show that: the soil temperature of C2 and C3 was significantly higher than that of non-covering treatment,and the soil moisture content of the cultivated layer was also higher than that without cover(p<0.05). At the same time,the black film cover treatment could effectively prevent the too high soil temperature in the hot weather in summer. Under the mulching treatment,the survival rate of transplanted Mongolian almonds was significantly higher than that of non-covering treatment(p<0.05),and the survival rate was increased by 48.2% ~ 66.4%,the germination rate was 5 ~ 7 d earlier than that under the non-covering treatment at the same time. The survival rate of transplanted Mongolian almonds increased with the irrigation amount. The increase of nitrogen application had a slight inhibitory effect on the transplanting of Mongolian almonds,but it was not significant. The average leaf area of Mongolian almonds was larger by 76.1% ~ 93.1 than that of non-covering treatment under the mulching treatment,the specific leaf weight was decreased by 33.2% ~ 41. 7% and the chlorophyll content was by significantly increased by 12. 6% ~ 46. 6%. In summary,the treatment of 100% field holding irrigation,270 kg/hm2 nitrogen application with black plastic film mulching performs well in all indexes of transplanting Mongolian almonds in Yulin area,which can effectively improve the survival rate of transplanting and promote the growth of Mongolian almonds. Therefore, the A3 B1 C2 is a better treatment combination of irrigation, nitrogen application and mulching for transplanting Mongolian almonds in Yulin area.
引文
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