贵州山地葡萄园土壤和树体养分状况及其评价
|
摘要
以贵州43个葡萄园土壤及葡萄叶柄为研究对象,通过检测葡萄园土壤pH、有机质含量及土壤与葡萄叶柄中矿质元素含量,分析土壤与树体养分含量及亏缺状况,为贵州葡萄栽培管理提供科学施肥依据。结果表明,土壤酸碱度适合葡萄树正常生长;有机质、全N、全P、全K含量偏低,速效K、碱解N、有效P含量处于适量和高量状态;交换性Ca和Mg含量过高,有效Fe、Mn、Cu与Zn含量存在不同程度高量和过量,但也有极少数处于缺乏状态。葡萄叶柄养分N的含量62.8%处于低量状态,37.2%处于适量状态;K、Fe、Ca、Cu、Mn、Zn含量多处于高量状态,也有少量处于低量状态,有效B含量较低,其中69.8%处于低量状态,30.2%处于缺乏状态。建议田间控制K肥和Ca肥的施用量,多施有机肥,着重补充B元素。
The objective of this study was to clarify the nutrient content and deficit status of vineyard soil and tree body,and to provide scientific fertilization basis for Guizhou grape cultivation management.Based on soils and grape petioles collected from 43 vineyard and in Guizhou,soils and tree nutrient contents and deficits in the vineyard were analyzed by detecting the soil pH and organic matter contents in the vineyard and the content of mineral elements in the soil and grape petiole.Soil pH was generally suitable for the normal growth of vines.The contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium were low,and the contents of available potassium,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,and available phosphorus were in appropriate and high levels.Exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents were too high,effective iron,manganese,copper,and zinc contents also existed in varying degrees of high and excessive levels,but there were very few in the state of absence.The nitrogen content of petiole nutrient was 62.8%in the low state and 37.2%in the appropriate state.The potassium,calcium,iron,manganese,copper,and zinc contents were mostly in high levels,but there were also a few nutrients in low levels,and the effective boron content was low,of which 69.8% was in a low level state and 30.2% was in a deficient state.It was recommended to control the amount of potassium and calcium applied in the field,to apply more organic fertilizer,and to pay more attention to boron.
The objective of this study was to clarify the nutrient content and deficit status of vineyard soil and tree body,and to provide scientific fertilization basis for Guizhou grape cultivation management.Based on soils and grape petioles collected from 43 vineyard and in Guizhou,soils and tree nutrient contents and deficits in the vineyard were analyzed by detecting the soil pH and organic matter contents in the vineyard and the content of mineral elements in the soil and grape petiole.Soil pH was generally suitable for the normal growth of vines.The contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium were low,and the contents of available potassium,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,and available phosphorus were in appropriate and high levels.Exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents were too high,effective iron,manganese,copper,and zinc contents also existed in varying degrees of high and excessive levels,but there were very few in the state of absence.The nitrogen content of petiole nutrient was 62.8%in the low state and 37.2%in the appropriate state.The potassium,calcium,iron,manganese,copper,and zinc contents were mostly in high levels,but there were also a few nutrients in low levels,and the effective boron content was low,of which 69.8% was in a low level state and 30.2% was in a deficient state.It was recommended to control the amount of potassium and calcium applied in the field,to apply more organic fertilizer,and to pay more attention to boron.
引文
[1]吴家胜,应叶青,曹福亮.银杏施肥研究进展[J].江西农业大学学报,2003,25(3):402-406.
[2]陈云霞,常晓冰,赵复泉,等.太原市葡萄园土壤养分现状与合理施肥[J].山西农业科学,2006,34(2):57-59.
[3]王探魁.河北葡萄主产区土壤与树体养分特征研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2011.
[4]刘昌岭,任宏波,李伟英,等.山东大泽山葡萄产地土壤及植株中营养元素丰缺状况评价[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2004,6(3):10-14.
[5]周敏,杨国顺,石雪晖,等.南方地区部分葡萄园营养状况分析[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(16):5077-5079.
[6]尹兴,吉艳芝,倪玉雪,等.河北省葡萄主产区土壤养分丰缺状况[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(10):2067-2075.YIN X,JI Y Z,NI Y X,et al.Status of soil fertility in vineyardproducing areas of Hebei Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(10):2067-2075.(in Chinese)
[7]王孜昌,王宏艳.贵州省气候特点与植被分布规律简介[J].贵州林业科技,2002,30(4):46-50.
[8]潘学军,李德燕,张文娥,等.贵州葡萄属野生种植物资源调查分析[J].果树学报,2010,27(6):898-901.PAN X J,LI D Y,ZHANG W E,et al.Investigation and analysis of wild Vitis resources in Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2010,27(6):898-901.(in Chinese)
[9]刘茂桥,潘学军,张文娥,等.铁核桃叶片主要矿质营养元素含量与生育期动态变化特征[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,38(1):162-170.
[10]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[12]李港丽,苏润宇,沈隽.几种落叶果树叶内矿质元素含量标准值的研究[J].园艺学报,1987,14(2):81-89.
[13]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[14]许衡,杨和生,束怀瑞.施用有机物料和氮肥对平邑甜茶实生苗生物学效应的灰色系统评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2005,33(8):86-90.XU H,YANG H S,SHU H R.Gray System Appraisal of Biological Effects of the Application of N and Organic Materials on Malus hupehensis Rehd[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University:Natural Science Edition,2005,33(8):86-90.(in Chinese)
[15]俞月凤,何铁光,宋同清,等.桂西北喀斯特地区石灰土养分空间变异特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(8):1-9.YU Y F,HE T G,SONG T Q,et al.Spatial variability of limestone soil nutrients in a Karst area of northwestern Guangxi[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(8):1-9.(in Chinese)
[16]李琰琰,刘国顺,向金友,等.氮营养水平对植烟土壤养分含量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(2):39-43.LI Y Y,LIU G S,XIANG J Y,et al.Effects of nitrogen nutrition on tobacco soil nutrient content in different soil layers and soil enzyme activity[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2011,17(2):39-43.(in Chinese)
[17]许自成,黎妍妍,肖汉乾,等.湖南烟区土壤交换性钙、镁含量及对烤烟品质的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(11):4425-4433.
[18]刘凤弼,赵健敏,代淼鑫,等.宾川地区红提葡萄缺硼原因及预防措施[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2010,3(7):40-41.
[19]韩振海,王倩,张拓.果树营养诊断与科学施肥[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[20]史天赐,杨景雯,骆小瑞,等.酿酒葡萄果实中主要矿质元素的品种特性[J].西北林学院学报,2018,33(1):133-140.SHI T C,YANG J W,LUO X R,et al.Variety characteristics of major mineral elements in wine grape berries[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2018,33(1):133-140.(in Chinese)
[21]陆景陵.植物营养学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002.
[22]侯岑.梨树矿质元素分布特征及营养诊断研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
[23]杨俐苹.葡萄园水肥一体化养分管理技术[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2015,4(8):36-39.
[24]曹恭,梁鸣早.平衡栽培体系中的有害元素(上)[J].中国土壤与肥料,2005,1(2):1-4.
[25]段晓晖.锌对铁胁迫下小麦幼苗生理生化特性的影响[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2015.
[26]任冲,徐国云,李明娟,等.同源四倍体拟南芥的耐锌性及其机理[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(2):189-196.REN C,XU G Y,LI M J,et al.Zinc tolerance and its mechanism in autotetraploid Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Plant Physiology Journal,2015,51(2):189-196.(in Chinese)
[27]刘茂桥.贵州核桃主产区核桃园土壤与叶片养分状况及其评价[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2016.
[28] ZHOU G F,PENG S A,LIU Y Z,et al.The physiological and nutritional responses of seven different citrus rootstock seedlings to boron deficiency[J].Trees,2014,28(1):295-307.
[29] TEWARI R K,KUMAR P,SHARMA P N.Morphology and oxidative physiology of boron-deficient mulberry plants[J].Environmental&Experimental Botany,2010,30(1):68.
[30] OU S,SONG S W,SHUANG P,et al.The effects of low boron on growth,gas exchange,boron concentration and distribution of ‘Newhall’navel orange(Citrus sinensis Osb.)plants grafted on two rootstocks[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2009,121(3):278-283.
[31]黄玫,潘学军,张文娥,等.缺硼胁迫对不同基因型葡萄硼效率及硼积累、分配的影响[J].果树学报,2015,32(1):79-86.HUANG M,PAN X J,ZHANG W E,et al.Effect of boron deficiency stress on boron efficiency,accumulation and distribution in different Vitis genotypes[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2015,32(1):79-86.(in Chinese)
[32]邓熙时,史联让,安贵阳,等.旱原地区苹果叶营养水平研究[J].果树学报,1995,12(3):168-170.
[33]马振朝,王嘉莹,庞新宇,等.河北省葡萄施肥现状及节能减排潜力分析[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(5):135-139.
[34]马国瑞.园艺植物营养与施肥[M].北京:农业出版社,1994.
[35]陈竹君,何景峰,唐德瑞,等.杜仲树体矿质元素分布特点与需肥规律[J].西北林学院学报,2004,19(3):15-17.CHEN Z J,HE J F,TANG D R,et al.Nutrient distribution and uptake characteristics in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.plant[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2004,19(3):15-17.(in Chinese)
[36]张立新,张林森,李丙智,等.旱地苹果矿质营养及其在生长发育中的作用[J].西北林学院学报,2007,22(3):111-115.ZHANG L X,ZHANG L S,LI B Z,et al.Mineral nutrition elements and their roles in growth and development of apple trees in Arid Areas[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2007,22(3):111-115.(in Chinese)
[2]陈云霞,常晓冰,赵复泉,等.太原市葡萄园土壤养分现状与合理施肥[J].山西农业科学,2006,34(2):57-59.
[3]王探魁.河北葡萄主产区土壤与树体养分特征研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2011.
[4]刘昌岭,任宏波,李伟英,等.山东大泽山葡萄产地土壤及植株中营养元素丰缺状况评价[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2004,6(3):10-14.
[5]周敏,杨国顺,石雪晖,等.南方地区部分葡萄园营养状况分析[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(16):5077-5079.
[6]尹兴,吉艳芝,倪玉雪,等.河北省葡萄主产区土壤养分丰缺状况[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(10):2067-2075.YIN X,JI Y Z,NI Y X,et al.Status of soil fertility in vineyardproducing areas of Hebei Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(10):2067-2075.(in Chinese)
[7]王孜昌,王宏艳.贵州省气候特点与植被分布规律简介[J].贵州林业科技,2002,30(4):46-50.
[8]潘学军,李德燕,张文娥,等.贵州葡萄属野生种植物资源调查分析[J].果树学报,2010,27(6):898-901.PAN X J,LI D Y,ZHANG W E,et al.Investigation and analysis of wild Vitis resources in Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2010,27(6):898-901.(in Chinese)
[9]刘茂桥,潘学军,张文娥,等.铁核桃叶片主要矿质营养元素含量与生育期动态变化特征[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,38(1):162-170.
[10]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[12]李港丽,苏润宇,沈隽.几种落叶果树叶内矿质元素含量标准值的研究[J].园艺学报,1987,14(2):81-89.
[13]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[14]许衡,杨和生,束怀瑞.施用有机物料和氮肥对平邑甜茶实生苗生物学效应的灰色系统评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2005,33(8):86-90.XU H,YANG H S,SHU H R.Gray System Appraisal of Biological Effects of the Application of N and Organic Materials on Malus hupehensis Rehd[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University:Natural Science Edition,2005,33(8):86-90.(in Chinese)
[15]俞月凤,何铁光,宋同清,等.桂西北喀斯特地区石灰土养分空间变异特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(8):1-9.YU Y F,HE T G,SONG T Q,et al.Spatial variability of limestone soil nutrients in a Karst area of northwestern Guangxi[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(8):1-9.(in Chinese)
[16]李琰琰,刘国顺,向金友,等.氮营养水平对植烟土壤养分含量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(2):39-43.LI Y Y,LIU G S,XIANG J Y,et al.Effects of nitrogen nutrition on tobacco soil nutrient content in different soil layers and soil enzyme activity[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2011,17(2):39-43.(in Chinese)
[17]许自成,黎妍妍,肖汉乾,等.湖南烟区土壤交换性钙、镁含量及对烤烟品质的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(11):4425-4433.
[18]刘凤弼,赵健敏,代淼鑫,等.宾川地区红提葡萄缺硼原因及预防措施[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2010,3(7):40-41.
[19]韩振海,王倩,张拓.果树营养诊断与科学施肥[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[20]史天赐,杨景雯,骆小瑞,等.酿酒葡萄果实中主要矿质元素的品种特性[J].西北林学院学报,2018,33(1):133-140.SHI T C,YANG J W,LUO X R,et al.Variety characteristics of major mineral elements in wine grape berries[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2018,33(1):133-140.(in Chinese)
[21]陆景陵.植物营养学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002.
[22]侯岑.梨树矿质元素分布特征及营养诊断研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
[23]杨俐苹.葡萄园水肥一体化养分管理技术[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2015,4(8):36-39.
[24]曹恭,梁鸣早.平衡栽培体系中的有害元素(上)[J].中国土壤与肥料,2005,1(2):1-4.
[25]段晓晖.锌对铁胁迫下小麦幼苗生理生化特性的影响[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2015.
[26]任冲,徐国云,李明娟,等.同源四倍体拟南芥的耐锌性及其机理[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(2):189-196.REN C,XU G Y,LI M J,et al.Zinc tolerance and its mechanism in autotetraploid Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Plant Physiology Journal,2015,51(2):189-196.(in Chinese)
[27]刘茂桥.贵州核桃主产区核桃园土壤与叶片养分状况及其评价[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2016.
[28] ZHOU G F,PENG S A,LIU Y Z,et al.The physiological and nutritional responses of seven different citrus rootstock seedlings to boron deficiency[J].Trees,2014,28(1):295-307.
[29] TEWARI R K,KUMAR P,SHARMA P N.Morphology and oxidative physiology of boron-deficient mulberry plants[J].Environmental&Experimental Botany,2010,30(1):68.
[30] OU S,SONG S W,SHUANG P,et al.The effects of low boron on growth,gas exchange,boron concentration and distribution of ‘Newhall’navel orange(Citrus sinensis Osb.)plants grafted on two rootstocks[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2009,121(3):278-283.
[31]黄玫,潘学军,张文娥,等.缺硼胁迫对不同基因型葡萄硼效率及硼积累、分配的影响[J].果树学报,2015,32(1):79-86.HUANG M,PAN X J,ZHANG W E,et al.Effect of boron deficiency stress on boron efficiency,accumulation and distribution in different Vitis genotypes[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2015,32(1):79-86.(in Chinese)
[32]邓熙时,史联让,安贵阳,等.旱原地区苹果叶营养水平研究[J].果树学报,1995,12(3):168-170.
[33]马振朝,王嘉莹,庞新宇,等.河北省葡萄施肥现状及节能减排潜力分析[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(5):135-139.
[34]马国瑞.园艺植物营养与施肥[M].北京:农业出版社,1994.
[35]陈竹君,何景峰,唐德瑞,等.杜仲树体矿质元素分布特点与需肥规律[J].西北林学院学报,2004,19(3):15-17.CHEN Z J,HE J F,TANG D R,et al.Nutrient distribution and uptake characteristics in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.plant[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2004,19(3):15-17.(in Chinese)
[36]张立新,张林森,李丙智,等.旱地苹果矿质营养及其在生长发育中的作用[J].西北林学院学报,2007,22(3):111-115.ZHANG L X,ZHANG L S,LI B Z,et al.Mineral nutrition elements and their roles in growth and development of apple trees in Arid Areas[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2007,22(3):111-115.(in Chinese)