不同专用授粉树对‘陕富六号’苹果花粉直感的影响
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摘要
[目的]本文旨在探索不同授粉品种对陇东地区主栽品种富士花粉直感的影响。[方法]以6个海棠(Malus spp.)品种的花粉为材料、其中以‘B1’为对照,对‘陕富六号’苹果(M.pumlia‘shanfu 6’)进行了人工授粉并测定其坐果率及果实品质等相关指标。[结果]除海棠品种‘亚当’外,用其它海棠品种授粉后‘陕富六号’苹果坐果率高于70%;经6个海棠品种授粉后‘陕富六号’苹果的果实指数、果面光洁度指数和果皮花青苷含量等外观品质以及硬度、可滴定酸和可溶性固形物等内在品质均存在一定差异,表现出花粉直感现象。[结论]综合上述评价,‘A10’、‘秋实’和‘B1’这3个海棠品种的花粉直感效应优良,可作为‘陕富六号’苹果的授粉树。
[Objective] This research aimed to explore the effects of exotic pollens from six varieties on the major fruit indexes of M.pumliashanfu 6 in Longdong region. [Methods] Pollens from six cultivars of Malus spp. were selected as study materials, and M. pumila ‘Shanfu 6' was artificially pollinated with mentioned exotic pollens. Maluspumila ‘B1' served as the control treatment. The fruit setting rate along with ten fruit quality indexes were measured after pollination. [Results] The results showed that the fruit setting rate of Shanfu 6 was higher than 70% in all treatments except the trees treated with pollen of cultivar ‘Yadang'. The ones pollinated with cultivar ‘B1' possessed the highest rate of 89%. Fruit quality indexes including fruit appearance, the smoothness, the content of anthocyanin of fruit peel, and inner quality such as hardness, content of titratable acid and soluble solid were determined and showed difference from the control group. For example, in ‘qiushi' treatment, all evaluation indexes including fruit shape, single fruit weight, soluble solid content, flesh firmness, and titratable acid content of Shanfu 6 were higher than that of the control, while the fruit yield, fruit dot size and color were significantly less than that of control.Based on the above evaluation, the pollen xenia effect of the three Malus species in the ‘A10',‘Qiushi'and‘ B1' were excellent, and can be used as the pollination tree of M. pumila ‘Shanfu 6' apple.[Conclusion] ‘A10', ‘qiushi' and ‘B1' are good pollinators of the three cultivars, which can be used as pollinators of the apple of ‘shanfu 6'.
[Objective] This research aimed to explore the effects of exotic pollens from six varieties on the major fruit indexes of M.pumliashanfu 6 in Longdong region. [Methods] Pollens from six cultivars of Malus spp. were selected as study materials, and M. pumila ‘Shanfu 6' was artificially pollinated with mentioned exotic pollens. Maluspumila ‘B1' served as the control treatment. The fruit setting rate along with ten fruit quality indexes were measured after pollination. [Results] The results showed that the fruit setting rate of Shanfu 6 was higher than 70% in all treatments except the trees treated with pollen of cultivar ‘Yadang'. The ones pollinated with cultivar ‘B1' possessed the highest rate of 89%. Fruit quality indexes including fruit appearance, the smoothness, the content of anthocyanin of fruit peel, and inner quality such as hardness, content of titratable acid and soluble solid were determined and showed difference from the control group. For example, in ‘qiushi' treatment, all evaluation indexes including fruit shape, single fruit weight, soluble solid content, flesh firmness, and titratable acid content of Shanfu 6 were higher than that of the control, while the fruit yield, fruit dot size and color were significantly less than that of control.Based on the above evaluation, the pollen xenia effect of the three Malus species in the ‘A10',‘Qiushi'and‘ B1' were excellent, and can be used as the pollination tree of M. pumila ‘Shanfu 6' apple.[Conclusion] ‘A10', ‘qiushi' and ‘B1' are good pollinators of the three cultivars, which can be used as pollinators of the apple of ‘shanfu 6'.
引文
[1]吴绍华. 果树的果实直感[J]. 四川果树,1996(2):28-29.
[2]KumarK,DasB.Studies on xenia in almond[J].Journal of Horticuitural Science,1996,71(4):545-549.
[3]李保国,顾玉红,郭素平,等. 2001苹果果实若干性状的花粉直感规律研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2004,27(6):34-37.
[4]刘广勤,钱亚明,常有宏,等. 花粉直感对富士苹果品质的影响[J].中国南方果树,2000,29(1):35.
[5]安贵阳,房燕,王荣莉.旱地苹果园肥水膜一体化技术研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2014(4):51-54.
[6]王贵平,薛晓敏,翟浩,等.不同品牌塑膜袋套袋对富士苹果果实品质的影响[J].安徽农业学,2017,45(29):31-32,40.
[7]陈磊,郭玉蓉,白鸽,等.‘红富士’苹果气调贮藏期间果皮色泽变化及花青苷合成相关基因相对表达量的差异比较[J].食品科学,2015,36(24):326-331.
[8]曹建康.果蔬菜后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2017:28-29.
[9]刘玉莲,车飞,郭延平,等. 苹果着色期花青苷和糖组分含量变化及关联性[J].食品科学,2013,34(17):47-52.
[10]安晓芹,廖康,孙慧瑛,等.不同品种授粉对‘轮台白杏’坐果及果实品质的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2013,30(2):187-193.
[11]尹航,覃伟铭,李疆,等. 不同父本授粉对库尔勒香梨及其芽变品种沙01果实性状的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(1):46-50.
[12]王延秀,陈佰鸿,王淑华,等. 对‘长富2号’苹果授粉后11个海棠品种花粉直感效应的综合评价[J].植物资源与环境学报,2014(4):83-89.
[13]王玮,李红旭,赵明新,等. 梨的7个授粉品种与早酥梨授粉效应的比较[J].经济林研究,2013,31(3):150-153.
[14]李兵伟.砀山酥梨花粉直感现象研究[D]:合肥:安徽农业大学,2009.
[15]朱梅玲,乔进春,许建锋. 授粉品种和花粉量对鸭梨果实花萼宿存的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2006,29(4):38-40,47.
[16]Focke W O.Die pflanzen mischinge:ein beitrag zur biologie dergewaechse[M].Berlin:Borntraeger,1881:510-518.
[17]Denney J O.Xenia includes metaxenia [J].Hort Science.1992,27(7):722-728.
[18]马静,李云国,蔡兆翔, 等.花粉直感对昭通晚熟红富士果实品质的影响初探[J].中国园艺文摘,2018,34(4):13-15.
[19]张静茹,孟照刚,巩文红.花粉直感对黑宝石李果实品质的影响[J].果树学报2009,26(6):836-839.
[20]潘学军,张文娥,尤丽霞. 花粉直感现象对油桃五月火品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(2):113-115.
[21]潘海发,张昂,高正辉,等.不同品种授粉对砀山酥梨果实发育及内源激素的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2012,39(2):211-215.
[2]KumarK,DasB.Studies on xenia in almond[J].Journal of Horticuitural Science,1996,71(4):545-549.
[3]李保国,顾玉红,郭素平,等. 2001苹果果实若干性状的花粉直感规律研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2004,27(6):34-37.
[4]刘广勤,钱亚明,常有宏,等. 花粉直感对富士苹果品质的影响[J].中国南方果树,2000,29(1):35.
[5]安贵阳,房燕,王荣莉.旱地苹果园肥水膜一体化技术研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2014(4):51-54.
[6]王贵平,薛晓敏,翟浩,等.不同品牌塑膜袋套袋对富士苹果果实品质的影响[J].安徽农业学,2017,45(29):31-32,40.
[7]陈磊,郭玉蓉,白鸽,等.‘红富士’苹果气调贮藏期间果皮色泽变化及花青苷合成相关基因相对表达量的差异比较[J].食品科学,2015,36(24):326-331.
[8]曹建康.果蔬菜后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2017:28-29.
[9]刘玉莲,车飞,郭延平,等. 苹果着色期花青苷和糖组分含量变化及关联性[J].食品科学,2013,34(17):47-52.
[10]安晓芹,廖康,孙慧瑛,等.不同品种授粉对‘轮台白杏’坐果及果实品质的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2013,30(2):187-193.
[11]尹航,覃伟铭,李疆,等. 不同父本授粉对库尔勒香梨及其芽变品种沙01果实性状的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(1):46-50.
[12]王延秀,陈佰鸿,王淑华,等. 对‘长富2号’苹果授粉后11个海棠品种花粉直感效应的综合评价[J].植物资源与环境学报,2014(4):83-89.
[13]王玮,李红旭,赵明新,等. 梨的7个授粉品种与早酥梨授粉效应的比较[J].经济林研究,2013,31(3):150-153.
[14]李兵伟.砀山酥梨花粉直感现象研究[D]:合肥:安徽农业大学,2009.
[15]朱梅玲,乔进春,许建锋. 授粉品种和花粉量对鸭梨果实花萼宿存的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2006,29(4):38-40,47.
[16]Focke W O.Die pflanzen mischinge:ein beitrag zur biologie dergewaechse[M].Berlin:Borntraeger,1881:510-518.
[17]Denney J O.Xenia includes metaxenia [J].Hort Science.1992,27(7):722-728.
[18]马静,李云国,蔡兆翔, 等.花粉直感对昭通晚熟红富士果实品质的影响初探[J].中国园艺文摘,2018,34(4):13-15.
[19]张静茹,孟照刚,巩文红.花粉直感对黑宝石李果实品质的影响[J].果树学报2009,26(6):836-839.
[20]潘学军,张文娥,尤丽霞. 花粉直感现象对油桃五月火品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(2):113-115.
[21]潘海发,张昂,高正辉,等.不同品种授粉对砀山酥梨果实发育及内源激素的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2012,39(2):211-215.