中国阿牙克库木湖水量变化及其驱动机制
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摘要
融合卫星雷达测高(T/P、RA-2和Hydroweb)与光学遥感数据分析了一个长时间序列的阿牙克库木湖水位及面积变化趋势,并基于NDSI和监督分类的方法提取了湖泊补给冰川的面积。结果表明:阿牙克库木湖在监测期内逐年扩大,面积由1995年的624 km~2逐年扩张到2015年的995 km~2,在此期间水位总共上升了5 m。气温升高导致补给冰川持续消融,冰川面积由1994年的361.27 km~2退缩到2016年的345.26 km~2。区域气候的暖湿化是1995-2015年阿牙克库木湖水量增加的主要背景,流域降水量的增加对湖泊水位上升产生直接驱动,持续升高的气温导致的补给冰川消融对湖泊扩张具有重要的促进作用。此外,最大可能蒸散、高海拔降水(雪)、冻土融化等因素也对湖泊的扩张产生重要影响。总之,准确掌握阿牙克库木湖的水量及其对气候变化的响应,对深刻理解青藏高原北部边缘的水资源平衡研究具有重要意义。
A long time series of the Ayakekumu Lake level change has been compiled by combination of the T/P, RA-2 and Hydroweb data. In addition, we assessed changing index of the Ayakekumu Lake during 1995-2015 based on Landsat images. The results showed that, the Ayakekumu Lake area and level increased continuously during the observation period, the area of lake increased from 624 km~2 in 1995 to 995 km~2 in 2015, and water level increased by 5 m in total in the period of 1995-2015. Meanwhile, the air temperature had risen, and the area of glaciers retreated from 361.27 km~2 in 1994 to 345.26 km~2 in 2016. We concluded that the water volume change was related with climate factors, and the main factor was warm-wet climate.Additionally, atmosphere warning led to water level increase due to glaciers melting. The water volume changing in Ayakekumu Lake could be affected by the increasing precipitation as well as dropping evaporation. Some factors are likely to affect lake expansion, including permafrost melting and precipitation at high altitudes. In sum, accurate measurements of lake ice and water levels are critical for understanding the water resource balance and hydrologic cycle in arid or semi-arid regions of China.
A long time series of the Ayakekumu Lake level change has been compiled by combination of the T/P, RA-2 and Hydroweb data. In addition, we assessed changing index of the Ayakekumu Lake during 1995-2015 based on Landsat images. The results showed that, the Ayakekumu Lake area and level increased continuously during the observation period, the area of lake increased from 624 km~2 in 1995 to 995 km~2 in 2015, and water level increased by 5 m in total in the period of 1995-2015. Meanwhile, the air temperature had risen, and the area of glaciers retreated from 361.27 km~2 in 1994 to 345.26 km~2 in 2016. We concluded that the water volume change was related with climate factors, and the main factor was warm-wet climate.Additionally, atmosphere warning led to water level increase due to glaciers melting. The water volume changing in Ayakekumu Lake could be affected by the increasing precipitation as well as dropping evaporation. Some factors are likely to affect lake expansion, including permafrost melting and precipitation at high altitudes. In sum, accurate measurements of lake ice and water levels are critical for understanding the water resource balance and hydrologic cycle in arid or semi-arid regions of China.
引文
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