2,4-D处理对大百合种子休眠解除及内源激素变化的影响
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摘要
在筛选最佳浓度的基础上,利用液质联用色谱法,测定不同层积时期种子赤霉素、生长素和脱落酸的含量,分析3种激素及其相互作用在种子休眠解除中的动态变化,探索内源激素在大百合种子休眠解除中的作用机理。结果表明:随着层积时间的增加,大百合胚的长度随之增长,层积135 d时,5 mg/L 2,4-D处理的胚长高出CK 9.03%。在5 mg/L 2,4-D处理下胚生长率最高,达到82%,发芽起始时间最早,为4℃下14 d后;发芽率最高,达75.33%。在层积过程中,CK和2,4-D处理脱落酸含量的变化总体呈下降趋势,在生长素、赤霉素含量上均表现为先上升后下降的趋势,生长素含量在层积60 d时达到峰值,CK比2,4-D处理高出516.66 ng/g,赤霉素含量在层积120 d时达到峰值,2,4-D处理比CK高出52.17 ng/g。生长素与脱落酸、赤霉素与脱落酸之间的比值呈先上升后下降的趋势,在层积60 d时,生长素与脱落酸的比值达到峰值,CK比2,4-D处理高了49.24,层积120 d时,2,4-D处理的生长素与脱落酸的比值比CK高出10.53,在层积120 d时,赤霉素与脱落酸的比值达到峰值,2,4-D处理高于CK处理1.63。可见,5 mg/L 2,4-D处理为最佳浓度,有利于种子休眠解除和萌发。脱落酸含量的变化与大百合种胚的发育呈负相关,生长素和赤霉素可能是促进大百合种子休眠解除的主要调节物质。
On the basis of screening the optimal concentration, the content of gibberellin, auxin and abscisic acid in different layering stages were determined by LC-MS. The dynamic changes of three hormones and their interactions in seed dormancy were analyzed, and the mechanism of endogenous hormones in dormancy release of Cardiocrinum giganteum seeds was explored. Results show that the length of C. giganteum embryo increases with the increase of the stratification time. When the layer is 135 d, the embryo length of 5 mg/L 2,4-D is 9.03% higher than CK. Under 5 mg/L 2,4-D treatment, the growth rate of the embryo is the highest, reaching 82%, and the germination initiation time is the earliest, after 14 days at 4℃; the germination rate is the highest, reaching75.33%. In the process of stratification, the changes of abscisic acid content in CK and 2,4-D treatments show a general downward trend, and both auxin and gibberellin content show a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The auxin content peaks at 60 d, CK is 516.66 ng/g higher than 2,4-D treatment, gibberellin peaks at 120 d,and 2,4-D is 52.17 ng/g higher than CK. The ratio of auxin to abscisic acid, gibberellin to abscisic acid increase first and then decrease. When the layer is 60 d, the ratio of auxin to abscisic acid peaks, and CK is 49.24 times higher than 2,4-D. When the layer is 120 d, the ratio of auxin to abscisic acid treats by 2,4-D is 10.53 times higher than that of CK. When the layer is 120 d, the ratio of gibberellin to abscisic acid peaks, and 2,4-D treatment is1.63 times higher than CK. It can be seen that 5 mg/L 2,4-D treatment is the best concentration, which is beneficial to seed dormancy release and germination. The change of abscisic acid content is negatively correlated with the development of C. giganteum embryo. The auxin and gibberellin may be the main regulators to promote the dormancy release of C. giganteum seed.
On the basis of screening the optimal concentration, the content of gibberellin, auxin and abscisic acid in different layering stages were determined by LC-MS. The dynamic changes of three hormones and their interactions in seed dormancy were analyzed, and the mechanism of endogenous hormones in dormancy release of Cardiocrinum giganteum seeds was explored. Results show that the length of C. giganteum embryo increases with the increase of the stratification time. When the layer is 135 d, the embryo length of 5 mg/L 2,4-D is 9.03% higher than CK. Under 5 mg/L 2,4-D treatment, the growth rate of the embryo is the highest, reaching 82%, and the germination initiation time is the earliest, after 14 days at 4℃; the germination rate is the highest, reaching75.33%. In the process of stratification, the changes of abscisic acid content in CK and 2,4-D treatments show a general downward trend, and both auxin and gibberellin content show a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The auxin content peaks at 60 d, CK is 516.66 ng/g higher than 2,4-D treatment, gibberellin peaks at 120 d,and 2,4-D is 52.17 ng/g higher than CK. The ratio of auxin to abscisic acid, gibberellin to abscisic acid increase first and then decrease. When the layer is 60 d, the ratio of auxin to abscisic acid peaks, and CK is 49.24 times higher than 2,4-D. When the layer is 120 d, the ratio of auxin to abscisic acid treats by 2,4-D is 10.53 times higher than that of CK. When the layer is 120 d, the ratio of gibberellin to abscisic acid peaks, and 2,4-D treatment is1.63 times higher than CK. It can be seen that 5 mg/L 2,4-D treatment is the best concentration, which is beneficial to seed dormancy release and germination. The change of abscisic acid content is negatively correlated with the development of C. giganteum embryo. The auxin and gibberellin may be the main regulators to promote the dormancy release of C. giganteum seed.
引文
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[19]韩春艳,龙春林.濒危植物西康玉兰种子休眠、萌发及贮藏特性[J].云南植物研究,2010,32(1):47-52.
[20]冯小芹,胡勐鸿,吕寻.种子不同处理方法对漆树幼苗生长的影响[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(6):48-57.
[21]张家玲,马英姿,胡文俐.不同处理对滇重楼种子萌发的影响[J].经济林研究,2018,36(2):100-106.
[22]刘序,陈黎,高捍东.香榧种子抑制其发芽和生长的内源物筛选研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(1):28-33.
[23]Khan A A.Primary,preventive and permissive roles of hormones in plant systems[J].The Botanical Review,1975,41(4):391-420.
[24]赵文琦,季兰.种子休眠与解除机理的研究进展[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(3):477-481.
[25]陆秀君,梅梅,刘月洋,等.GA3和变温层积对天女木兰种子萌发及内源激素的影响[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(9):1828-1835.
[2]冯国楣.中国珍稀野生花卉[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995.
[3]关文灵,李世峰,李叶芳,等.大百合鳞茎营养成分分析与评价[J].西部林业科学,2011,40(1):8-11.
[4]万珠珠,龙春林,程治英,等.重要野生花卉大百合属植物研究进展[J].云南农业大学学报,2007,22(1):30-34.
[5]裴盛基,龙春林.应用民族植物学[M].昆明:云南民族出版社,2004.
[6]张金政,龙雅宜,孙国峰.大百合的生物多样性及其引种观察[J].园艺学报,2002,29(5):462-466.
[7]李守丽,石雷,张金政,等.大百合子房的离体培养[J].园艺学报,2007,34(1):197-200.
[8]关文灵,李世峰,雷丽萍,等.大百合小孢子发生和雄配子体发育研究[J].亚热带植物科学,2011,40(4):12-15.
[9]林凤琼,朱昌叁,黎素平,等.大百合与百合属优良品种杂交试验[J].南方农业学报,2012,43(11):1733-1736.
[10]Phartyal S S,Kondo T,Baskin C C,et al.Seed dormancy and germination in the giant Himalayan lily(Cardiocrinum giganteum var.giganteum):an assessment of its potential for naturalization in northern Japan[J].Ecological Research,2012,27(4):677-690.
[11]Cao G X,Worley A C.Life history trade-offs and evidence for hierarchical resource allocation in two monocarpic perennials[J].Plant Biology,2013,15(1):158-165.
[12]Chen H N,Zhao C H,Liu X R,et al.Pollen development of Cardiocrinum giganteum(Wall.)Makina in China[J].Plant Systematics and Evolution,2012,298(8):1557-1565.
[13]关文灵,李世峰,陈贤,等.大百合种子休眠特性及休眠破除[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(12):2479-2483.
[14]蔡薇,李叶芳,刘春雪,等.变温层积下激素对大百合种胚后熟的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(34):103-110.
[15]刘彩红,李成云,朴光一,等.2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸对不同羊草种子发芽特性的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(12):125-129.
[16]Wu J,Hettenhausen C,Meldau S,et al.Herbivory rapidly activates MAPK signaling in attacked and unattacked leaf regions but not between leaves of nicotiana attenuata[J].The Plant Cell Online,2007,19(3):1096-1122.
[17]胡晋.种子生物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[18]姚林君,张克亮,熊作明,等.种子形态生理休眠研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2019,38(1):247-255.
[19]韩春艳,龙春林.濒危植物西康玉兰种子休眠、萌发及贮藏特性[J].云南植物研究,2010,32(1):47-52.
[20]冯小芹,胡勐鸿,吕寻.种子不同处理方法对漆树幼苗生长的影响[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(6):48-57.
[21]张家玲,马英姿,胡文俐.不同处理对滇重楼种子萌发的影响[J].经济林研究,2018,36(2):100-106.
[22]刘序,陈黎,高捍东.香榧种子抑制其发芽和生长的内源物筛选研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(1):28-33.
[23]Khan A A.Primary,preventive and permissive roles of hormones in plant systems[J].The Botanical Review,1975,41(4):391-420.
[24]赵文琦,季兰.种子休眠与解除机理的研究进展[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(3):477-481.
[25]陆秀君,梅梅,刘月洋,等.GA3和变温层积对天女木兰种子萌发及内源激素的影响[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(9):1828-1835.