国内外游客对历史街区本真性体验差异分析——以北京市为例
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摘要
北京市入境游客自2011年出现下滑态势以来,旅游开发与品质提升成为发展北京旅游服务贸易竞争力的重要途径之一。随着游客对体验需求的提升,急切需要关注历史街区本真性研究。基于本真性视角,以东城区为例,通过问卷调查与深度访谈对游客所体验的历史街区核心景点事物进行了描述性统计和网络评价分析,比较了中外游客对历史街区本真性体验的差异。研究发现:(1)国内游客注重观赏和审美性质的体验,国外游客注重学习和历史性质的体验;(2)国外游客强调原件的本真性和客观历史事实,国内游客强调在原件的基础上进行美的修饰。研究结果不仅可为游客本真性体验增加对比实证案例,还可为北京市旅游发展提供决策参考。
The number of Beijing' s inbound tourists declined since 2011,and the tourism development and quality improvement were becoming the critically important ways to improve the competitiveness of Beijing' s tourism service trade. As the needs of tourism experience increasing,it was urgent to pay attention to Beijing historic blocks authentic research comprehensively. Based on the perspective of authenticity,this paper used Beijing Dongcheng District as a case to conduct descriptive statistical analysis and online text analysis on the core scenic spots of historical blocks experienced by tourists through questionnaire surveys and individual interviews. Then the domestic and foreign tourists authentic experience were compared. The results showed that:(1)Domestic tourists paid attention to the experience of viewing and aesthetics,and foreign tourists paid more attention to the experiences of cultural and historical nature.(2)Foreign tourists emphasized the authenticity and objective historical facts of the original,domestic tourists emphasized that these were decorated on the basis of the original. The results of the study did not only add the contrastive empirical cases for visitor authentic experience,but also provided decision-making reference for Beijing tourism development.
The number of Beijing' s inbound tourists declined since 2011,and the tourism development and quality improvement were becoming the critically important ways to improve the competitiveness of Beijing' s tourism service trade. As the needs of tourism experience increasing,it was urgent to pay attention to Beijing historic blocks authentic research comprehensively. Based on the perspective of authenticity,this paper used Beijing Dongcheng District as a case to conduct descriptive statistical analysis and online text analysis on the core scenic spots of historical blocks experienced by tourists through questionnaire surveys and individual interviews. Then the domestic and foreign tourists authentic experience were compared. The results showed that:(1)Domestic tourists paid attention to the experience of viewing and aesthetics,and foreign tourists paid more attention to the experiences of cultural and historical nature.(2)Foreign tourists emphasized the authenticity and objective historical facts of the original,domestic tourists emphasized that these were decorated on the basis of the original. The results of the study did not only add the contrastive empirical cases for visitor authentic experience,but also provided decision-making reference for Beijing tourism development.
引文
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[25]彭莹,齐欣,王昕.利益相关者视角下民俗文化“原真性”保持研究:以云南泸沽湖摩梭文化为例[J].旅游研究,2013,5(2)∶54-59.
[26]廖仁静,李倩,张捷,等.都市历史街区真实性的游憩者感知研究:以南京夫子庙为例[J].旅游学刊,2009,24(1)∶55-60.
[27]赵芬.浅谈旅游体验中的本真性和商品化的辩证关系[J].传承,2008,(7)∶118-119.
[28]王宁.旅游伦理与本真性体验的文化心理差异[J].旅游学刊,2014,29(11)∶5-6.
[29]朱璇.叙事分析下的中西方背包客真实性体验:以阳朔为案例地[J].旅游学刊,2018,33(3)∶116-126.
[2]马晓龙,吴必虎.历史街区持续发展的旅游业协同:以北京大栅栏为例[J].城市规划,2005,29(9)∶49-54.
[3]沙子岩,毛其智.从欧美案例探讨北京历史街区保护的有效途径[J].北京规划建设,2013,(4)∶6-10.
[4]周颖,李德臣.历史文化街区商业保护策略探讨:以北京历史文化街区为例[J].人民论坛,2016,(26)∶132-133.
[5]戴湘毅,朱思嘉,宋予佳,等.居住性历史街区的商业结构及其形成机制∶以北锣鼓巷为例[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(7)∶94
[6]周亚庆,吴茂英,周永广,等.旅游研究中的“真实性”理论及其比较[J].旅游学刊,2007,22(6)∶42-47.
[7]Golomb J. In Search of Authenticity[M]. London:Routledge:1995∶7-10.
[8]理查德.沙普利.旅游社会学[M].北京:商务印书馆:2016∶192-196.
[9]保继刚等.旅游学纵横:学界五人对话录[M].北京:旅游教育出版社:2013∶104-106.
[10]Boorstin D J. The Image:A Gguide to Pseudo-Events in America[M]. Vintage Books,1987.
[11]Mac Cannell D. Staged Authenticity:Arrangements of Aocial Apace in Tourist Settings[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1973,79(3)∶589-603.
[12]Cohen E. Authenticity and Commoditization in Tourism[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,1988,15(3)∶371-386.
[13]Bruner E M. Abraham Lincoln as Authentic Reproduction[J]. American Anthropologist,1994,96(2)∶397-415.
[14]Ranger T O,Hobsbawm E J. The Invention of Tradition[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1983,10(145)∶475-478.
[15]Daniel Y P. Tourism Dance Performances:Authenticity and Creativity[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,1996,23(4)∶780-797.
[16]Wang N. Rethinking Authenticity in Tourism Experience[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,1999,26(2)∶349-370.
[17]邓爱民,张馨方.西方旅游本真性研究的知识图谱:基于Cite SpaceⅢ的计量分析[J].旅游学刊,2018,33(1)∶95-104.
[18]Mura P. Perceptions of Authenticity in A Malaysian Homestay-a Narrative Analysis[J]. Tourism Management,2015,51(12)∶225-233.
[19]Wang Y. Customized Authenticity Begins at Home.[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,2007,34(3)∶789-804.
[20]Mkono M. African and Western Tourists:Object Authenticity Quest?[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,2013,41(2)∶195-214.
[21]陈伟凤,陈钢华,黄远水.遗产旅游体验的真实性及其塑造途径研究[J].旅游论坛,2008,19(2)∶182-185.
[22]罗佳明.遗产旅游的发展向度:遗产地精神与体验旅游的融合[J].旅游学刊,2010,25(5)∶6-7.
[23]林涛,胡佳凌.工业遗产原真性游客感知的调查研究:上海案例[J].人文地理,2013,28(4)∶114-119.
[24]田美蓉,保继刚.游客对歌舞旅游产品真实性评判研究:以西双版纳傣族歌舞为例[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2005,16(1)∶12-19.
[25]彭莹,齐欣,王昕.利益相关者视角下民俗文化“原真性”保持研究:以云南泸沽湖摩梭文化为例[J].旅游研究,2013,5(2)∶54-59.
[26]廖仁静,李倩,张捷,等.都市历史街区真实性的游憩者感知研究:以南京夫子庙为例[J].旅游学刊,2009,24(1)∶55-60.
[27]赵芬.浅谈旅游体验中的本真性和商品化的辩证关系[J].传承,2008,(7)∶118-119.
[28]王宁.旅游伦理与本真性体验的文化心理差异[J].旅游学刊,2014,29(11)∶5-6.
[29]朱璇.叙事分析下的中西方背包客真实性体验:以阳朔为案例地[J].旅游学刊,2018,33(3)∶116-126.