地表及空勤航线中子辐射水平测量现状
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摘要
目的调研地表和空勤航线中子辐射水平测量研究状况,研究天然中子对环境辐射的贡献。方法收集地空界面环境中子的来源及其研究文献报道的最新数据,研究比较国内外地空界面环境中子测量结果。结果在海平面水平来自宇宙射线辐射中子成份的周围剂量当量率为5.5 nSv·h~(-1),民用航空国际航线航行器上的中子剂量率为2.5μSv·h~(-1)。结论人们主要侧重于对人工中子源中子辐射场的理论研究、实验测量、应用和防护等,而目前国内外对地空界面上天然中子辐射场的研究较少,尚需深入研究。
Objective To study the status of ground to air interface environment of neutron radiation level,give the contribution of natural neutron radiation environment. Methods The latest studies of the literature about the air ground interface environmental neutron data at home and abroad were collected and the comparative study of air interface environmental neutron measurement situation were carried out. Results The ambient dose equivalent rate from cosmic ray neutron radiation component at sea level is 5. 5 nSv·h~(-1). The neutron dose rate on aircraft of international routes is ~ 2. 5 Sv·h~(-1). Conclusion There are many research focuses on artificial neutron source,such as theoretical research of neutron radiation field,experimental measurement,application and radiation protection of natural neutron radiation field. Further research needs to be carried out for air interface.
Objective To study the status of ground to air interface environment of neutron radiation level,give the contribution of natural neutron radiation environment. Methods The latest studies of the literature about the air ground interface environmental neutron data at home and abroad were collected and the comparative study of air interface environmental neutron measurement situation were carried out. Results The ambient dose equivalent rate from cosmic ray neutron radiation component at sea level is 5. 5 nSv·h~(-1). The neutron dose rate on aircraft of international routes is ~ 2. 5 Sv·h~(-1). Conclusion There are many research focuses on artificial neutron source,such as theoretical research of neutron radiation field,experimental measurement,application and radiation protection of natural neutron radiation field. Further research needs to be carried out for air interface.
引文
[1]葛良全,赖万昌,林延畅,等.地—空界面天然中子辐射场的扰动及其环境意义[J].地球科学进展,2004,(S1):9-14.
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[15]Nakamura T,Y Uwamino and T Ohkubo.Altitude variation of cosmic-ray neutrons[J].Health Phys.1987,53(5):509-517.
[16]葛良全,谢庭周,周四春,等,轻便型宇宙中子测量仪的研制[J].核技术.1994,08,481-487.
[17]叶森钢,地空界面天然宇宙中子辐射场的研究[D].核技术及应用,2003.
[18]F Spurny,O Ploc,I Jadrnickova,K Turek,T Dachev,M Gelev.Monitoring of onboard aircraft exposure to cosmic radiation:MayDecember 2005[J].Advances in Space Research.2007,40(11):1551-1557.
[19]T Berger,M Meier,G Reitz,M Schridde.Long-term dose measurements applying a human anthropomorphic phantom onboard an aircraft[J].Radiation Measurements.2008,43(2-6):580-584.
[20]陈英民,李福生,林俊明,等,航空机组人员个人受照剂量水平及评价[J].中国辐射卫生,1999,8(4):206-207.
[21]B Vukovic,V Radolic,I Lisjak,B Vekic,M Poje,J Planinic.Some cosmic radiation dose measurements aboard flights connecting Zagreb Airport[J].Applied Radiation and Isotopes.2008,66(2):247-251.
[2]葛良全.地-空界面天然中子辐射场的研究及其意义[A].中国地球物理学会.中国地球物理学会年刊2002—中国地球物理学会第十八届年会论文集[C].中国地球物理学会,2002:1.
[3]宋仔峰.基于GEM的热中子位置灵敏探测器的研究[D].中国科学技术大学,2010.
[4]БондареюкоВМ.Новыеметодыинженернойгеофизики[M].Недра,1983.48-96.
[5]UNSCEAR,2000.Sources,Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation.2000 Report to the General Assembly with Annex B:Exposure s from Natural Sources of Radiation.UNSCEAR 2000 report[R].United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation(UNSCEAR).New York.
[6]UNSCEAR,1993.Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation.1993Report to the General Assembly with Annex A:Exposures from Natural Sources of Radiation[R].UNSCEAR 1993 report,United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation(UNSCEAR).New York.
[7]Schraube H,J Jakes,A Sannikov,et al.The cosmic ray induced neutron spectrum at the summit of the Zugspitze(2963 m)[J].Radiation Protection Dosimetry.1997,70(1):405-408.
[8]Roesler S,W Heinrich and H Schraube.Calculation of radiation fields in the atmosphere and comparison to experimental data[J].Radiation Research.1998,149(1):87-97.
[9]Schraube H,G Leuthold,S Roesler,et al.Neutron spectra at flight altitudes and their radiological estimation[J].Advances in Space Research.1996,21(12):1727-1738.
[10]Alevra A V.Neutron spectrometry with Bonner spheres:Applications in physics and dosimetry[J].Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt,Braunschweig,1996.
[11]Goldhagen P.Communication to the UNSCEAR Secretariat.1999.
[12]Birattari C,B Moy,T Rancati,et al.Neutron measurements at some environmental monitoring stations.Internal Report.1996.CERN,TIS-RP/IR/96-13.
[13]Burgkhardt B,E Piesch and M Urban.Measurement of the neutron dose equivalent component of the natural background using electrochemically etched polycarbonate detector and boron-10 radiator[J].Nucl.Tracks 12:573-576(1986).
[14]Florek M,J Masarik,I Szarka,et al.Natural neutron fluence rate and the equivalent dose in localities with different elevation and latitude[J].Radiat Prot Dosim.1996,67(3):187-192.
[15]Nakamura T,Y Uwamino and T Ohkubo.Altitude variation of cosmic-ray neutrons[J].Health Phys.1987,53(5):509-517.
[16]葛良全,谢庭周,周四春,等,轻便型宇宙中子测量仪的研制[J].核技术.1994,08,481-487.
[17]叶森钢,地空界面天然宇宙中子辐射场的研究[D].核技术及应用,2003.
[18]F Spurny,O Ploc,I Jadrnickova,K Turek,T Dachev,M Gelev.Monitoring of onboard aircraft exposure to cosmic radiation:MayDecember 2005[J].Advances in Space Research.2007,40(11):1551-1557.
[19]T Berger,M Meier,G Reitz,M Schridde.Long-term dose measurements applying a human anthropomorphic phantom onboard an aircraft[J].Radiation Measurements.2008,43(2-6):580-584.
[20]陈英民,李福生,林俊明,等,航空机组人员个人受照剂量水平及评价[J].中国辐射卫生,1999,8(4):206-207.
[21]B Vukovic,V Radolic,I Lisjak,B Vekic,M Poje,J Planinic.Some cosmic radiation dose measurements aboard flights connecting Zagreb Airport[J].Applied Radiation and Isotopes.2008,66(2):247-251.