基础隔震结构不确定参数敏感性分析
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摘要
隔震结构系统参数的不确定性和地震的随机性可能会导致结构响应意想不到的偏移,导致大幅减少安全性评价的准确度和精密度,因此有必要探究隔震支座的不确定性因素对结构响应的影响。本文着重研究基础隔震钢筋混凝土结构的不确定性因素,包括结构的不确定性和地震作用的不确定性。采用龙卷风图对结构不确定参数进行敏感性分析,并对比隔震与非隔震结构的参数敏感性;提出基于我国国情的双响应面法,利用响应面模型同时考察地震动和基础隔震结构的不确定性对地震响应的影响。结果表明:隔震技术可以减小结构不确定性的影响并且地震动的不确定性对结构的影响大大超过结构本身的不确定性。
As the randomness of the earthquake and the inherent uncertainty of the structure,unexpected shifts might occur in the structure response,leading to a significant reduction in accuracy and precision of safety evaluation. Therefore,it is necessary to explore the influence of the uncertainty inherent in isolators on the structural response. This paper focuses on the study of the uncertainty of the base-isolated reinforced concrete structure,including the structural uncertainty and the stochastic earthquake. The parameter sensitivity of the random variables is analyzed by using tornado diagrams and compared for both the base-isolated and non-isolated structure. This paper proposes a dual response surface method based on China's national conditions,and uses the response surface model to investigate the impact of the uncertainty within in earthquake and structure on earthquake response. Results show that the base-isolation technology can reduce the influence of the uncertainty within structure and the influence of the randomness within the ground motion considerably exceeds the uncertainty within the structure.
As the randomness of the earthquake and the inherent uncertainty of the structure,unexpected shifts might occur in the structure response,leading to a significant reduction in accuracy and precision of safety evaluation. Therefore,it is necessary to explore the influence of the uncertainty inherent in isolators on the structural response. This paper focuses on the study of the uncertainty of the base-isolated reinforced concrete structure,including the structural uncertainty and the stochastic earthquake. The parameter sensitivity of the random variables is analyzed by using tornado diagrams and compared for both the base-isolated and non-isolated structure. This paper proposes a dual response surface method based on China's national conditions,and uses the response surface model to investigate the impact of the uncertainty within in earthquake and structure on earthquake response. Results show that the base-isolation technology can reduce the influence of the uncertainty within structure and the influence of the randomness within the ground motion considerably exceeds the uncertainty within the structure.
引文
[1]Wang H,Weng D,Lu X,et al.Life-cycle cost assessment of seismically base-isolated structures in nuclear power plants[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design.2013,262:429-434.
[2]Han R,Li Y,van de Lindt J.Seismic risk of base isolated non-ductile reinforced concrete buildings considering uncertainties and mainshock—aftershock sequences[J].Structural Safety.2014,50:39-56.
[3]Mishra S K,Chakraborty S.Performance of a base-isolated building with system parameter uncertainty subjected to a stochastic earthquake[J].International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration.2013,18(1):7-19.
[4]Castaldo P,Palazzo B,Della Vecchia P.Seismic reliability of base-isolated structures with friction pendulum bearings[J].Engineering Structures.2015,95:80-93.
[5]Saha S K,Matsagar V,Chakraborty S.Uncertainty quantification and seismic fragility of base-isolated liquid storage tanks using response surface models[J].Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics.2016,43:20-35.
[6]Perotti F,Domaneschi M,De Grandis S.The numerical computation of seismic fragility of base-isolated Nuclear Power Plants buildings[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design.2013,262:189-200.
[7]刘娟.高层隔震建筑基于性态的抗震设防及地震易损性分析[D].广州:广州大学,2014.LIU Juan.Performace-based seismic design and seismic vulnerability analysis for isolated high-rise buildings[D].Guangzhou:Guangzhou University,2014.(in Chinese)
[8]李奎明.钢筋混凝土短肢剪力墙结构试验研究与非线性随机演化分析[D].上海:同济大学,2007.LI Kuiming.Experiment research and non-linear stochastic evolution analysis of RC short-leg shear walls[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007.(in Chinese)
[9]GB 50010-2010.混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.GB 50010-2010.Code for Design of Concrete Structures[S].Beijing:Building Industry Press of China,2010.(in Chinese)
[10]易伟建,何肖煌灿.中美两国混凝土结构设计规范可靠度比较[J].建筑结构.2017,47(4):1-6.YI Weijian,HE Xiaohuangcan.Comparison of reliability provisions in Chinese and American codes on structural concrete design[J].Building Structure.2017,47(4):1-6.(in Chinese)
[11]Celik O C,Ellingwood B R.Seismic fragilities for non-ductile reinforced concrete frames-Role of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties[J].Structural Safety.2010,32(1):1-12.
[12]Y K Wen B R E,D Veneziano A J B.Uncertainty modeling in earthquake engineering[R].Urbana,IL:MAE Center,2003.
[13]Ellingwood B,Galambus T V.Development of a probability based Load criteria for american national standard A58,building code requirements for minimum design loads in buildings and other structures[M].Washington,D.C.:National Bureau of Standards,1980.
[14]Pan Y,Agrawal A K,Ghosn M.Seismic fragility of continuous steel highway bridges in New York state[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering.2007,12(6):689-699.
[15]Mahan M,Unanwa C.Statistical Analysis of Concrete Compressive Strengths for California Highway Bridges[J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities.2014,28(1):157-167.
[16]Macgregor J G.Safety and limit states design for reinforced concrete[J].CAN.J.CIV.ENG.1976,3:484.
[17]刘扬.混凝土斜拉桥施工期的时变可靠性研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2005.LIU Yang.The research of time-dependent reliability of concrete cable-stayed bridges during construction[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2005.(in Chinese)
[18]吴文朋.考虑不确定性的钢筋混凝土桥梁地震易损性研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2016.WU Wenpeng.Seismic fragility of reinforced concrete bridges with consideration of various sources of uncertainty.[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2016.(in Chinese)
[19]李奎明,李杰.双连梁短肢剪力墙结构非线性随机演化分析[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版.2009,37(04):432-439.LI Kuiming,LI Jie.Non-linear stochastic evolution analysis of short-leg shear wall with dual binding beams[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2009,37(04):432-439.(in Chinese)
[20]Jung J K P H.A statistical analysis of the modulus of elasticity and compressive strength of concrete C45/55 for pre-stressed precast beams[J].Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture.2012,6(11):1571-1576.
[21]GB 50068-2001建筑结构设计统一标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.GB 50068-2001 Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Building Structures[S].Beijing:Building Industry Press of China,2001.(in Chinese)
[22]Nowak A S.Calibration of LRFD bridge code[J].Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE.1995,121(8):1245-1251.
[23]Constantinou M C,Multidisciplinary C F E E.LRFD-based analysis and design procedures for bridge bearings and seismic isolators[M].Buffalo,NY:MCEER,2011.
[24]邹勤.近海隔震桥梁基于性态的抗震设防标准易损性分析及应用[D].广州:广州大学,2014.ZOU Qin.Performace-based seismic design criteria,vulnerability analysis and application for offshore isolated bridge[D].Guangzhou:Guangzhou University,2014.(in Chinese)
[25]GB 20688.3-2006橡胶支座-第3部分建筑隔震橡胶支座[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.GB 20688.3-2006 Rubber bearings-Part 3:Elastomeric Seismic-Protection Isolators for Buildings[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006.(in Chinese)
[26]Towashiraporn P.Building seismic fragilities using response surface metamodels[D].Atlanta,GA:Georgia Institute of Technology,2004.
[27]GB5001-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.GB5001-2010 Gode for Seismic Design of Buildings[S].Beijing:Building Industry Press of China,2010.(in Chinese)
[28]Simon J,Bracci J M,Gardoni P.Seismic response and fragility of deteriorated reinforced concrete bridges[J].Journal of Structural Engineering.2010,136(10):1273-1281.
[29]姜维.连续梁桥的地震易损性分析[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2012.JIA Wei.Fragility analysis of RC-continuous highway bridge[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2012.(in Chinese)
[30]Rezaeian S,Bozorgnia Y,Idriss I M,et al.Damping scaling factors for elastic response spectra for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions[J].Earthquake Spectra.2014,30(2):939-963.
[31]Padgett J E,Nielson B G,Desroches R.Selection of optimal intensity measures in probabilistic seismic demand models of highway bridge portfolios[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics.2008,37(5):711-725.
[32]Saha S K,Matsagar V A,Jain A K.Seismic fragility of base-isolated water storage tanks under non-stationary earthquakes[J].Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering.2016,14(4):1153-1175.
[33]李杨.近场地震作用下钢筋混凝土桥梁的地震易损性分析[D].天津:天津大学,2014.LI Yang.Seismic vulnerability analysis of reinforced concrete bridges subjected to near-fault ground motion[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2014.(in Chinese)
[2]Han R,Li Y,van de Lindt J.Seismic risk of base isolated non-ductile reinforced concrete buildings considering uncertainties and mainshock—aftershock sequences[J].Structural Safety.2014,50:39-56.
[3]Mishra S K,Chakraborty S.Performance of a base-isolated building with system parameter uncertainty subjected to a stochastic earthquake[J].International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration.2013,18(1):7-19.
[4]Castaldo P,Palazzo B,Della Vecchia P.Seismic reliability of base-isolated structures with friction pendulum bearings[J].Engineering Structures.2015,95:80-93.
[5]Saha S K,Matsagar V,Chakraborty S.Uncertainty quantification and seismic fragility of base-isolated liquid storage tanks using response surface models[J].Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics.2016,43:20-35.
[6]Perotti F,Domaneschi M,De Grandis S.The numerical computation of seismic fragility of base-isolated Nuclear Power Plants buildings[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design.2013,262:189-200.
[7]刘娟.高层隔震建筑基于性态的抗震设防及地震易损性分析[D].广州:广州大学,2014.LIU Juan.Performace-based seismic design and seismic vulnerability analysis for isolated high-rise buildings[D].Guangzhou:Guangzhou University,2014.(in Chinese)
[8]李奎明.钢筋混凝土短肢剪力墙结构试验研究与非线性随机演化分析[D].上海:同济大学,2007.LI Kuiming.Experiment research and non-linear stochastic evolution analysis of RC short-leg shear walls[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007.(in Chinese)
[9]GB 50010-2010.混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.GB 50010-2010.Code for Design of Concrete Structures[S].Beijing:Building Industry Press of China,2010.(in Chinese)
[10]易伟建,何肖煌灿.中美两国混凝土结构设计规范可靠度比较[J].建筑结构.2017,47(4):1-6.YI Weijian,HE Xiaohuangcan.Comparison of reliability provisions in Chinese and American codes on structural concrete design[J].Building Structure.2017,47(4):1-6.(in Chinese)
[11]Celik O C,Ellingwood B R.Seismic fragilities for non-ductile reinforced concrete frames-Role of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties[J].Structural Safety.2010,32(1):1-12.
[12]Y K Wen B R E,D Veneziano A J B.Uncertainty modeling in earthquake engineering[R].Urbana,IL:MAE Center,2003.
[13]Ellingwood B,Galambus T V.Development of a probability based Load criteria for american national standard A58,building code requirements for minimum design loads in buildings and other structures[M].Washington,D.C.:National Bureau of Standards,1980.
[14]Pan Y,Agrawal A K,Ghosn M.Seismic fragility of continuous steel highway bridges in New York state[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering.2007,12(6):689-699.
[15]Mahan M,Unanwa C.Statistical Analysis of Concrete Compressive Strengths for California Highway Bridges[J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities.2014,28(1):157-167.
[16]Macgregor J G.Safety and limit states design for reinforced concrete[J].CAN.J.CIV.ENG.1976,3:484.
[17]刘扬.混凝土斜拉桥施工期的时变可靠性研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2005.LIU Yang.The research of time-dependent reliability of concrete cable-stayed bridges during construction[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2005.(in Chinese)
[18]吴文朋.考虑不确定性的钢筋混凝土桥梁地震易损性研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2016.WU Wenpeng.Seismic fragility of reinforced concrete bridges with consideration of various sources of uncertainty.[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2016.(in Chinese)
[19]李奎明,李杰.双连梁短肢剪力墙结构非线性随机演化分析[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版.2009,37(04):432-439.LI Kuiming,LI Jie.Non-linear stochastic evolution analysis of short-leg shear wall with dual binding beams[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2009,37(04):432-439.(in Chinese)
[20]Jung J K P H.A statistical analysis of the modulus of elasticity and compressive strength of concrete C45/55 for pre-stressed precast beams[J].Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture.2012,6(11):1571-1576.
[21]GB 50068-2001建筑结构设计统一标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.GB 50068-2001 Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Building Structures[S].Beijing:Building Industry Press of China,2001.(in Chinese)
[22]Nowak A S.Calibration of LRFD bridge code[J].Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE.1995,121(8):1245-1251.
[23]Constantinou M C,Multidisciplinary C F E E.LRFD-based analysis and design procedures for bridge bearings and seismic isolators[M].Buffalo,NY:MCEER,2011.
[24]邹勤.近海隔震桥梁基于性态的抗震设防标准易损性分析及应用[D].广州:广州大学,2014.ZOU Qin.Performace-based seismic design criteria,vulnerability analysis and application for offshore isolated bridge[D].Guangzhou:Guangzhou University,2014.(in Chinese)
[25]GB 20688.3-2006橡胶支座-第3部分建筑隔震橡胶支座[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.GB 20688.3-2006 Rubber bearings-Part 3:Elastomeric Seismic-Protection Isolators for Buildings[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006.(in Chinese)
[26]Towashiraporn P.Building seismic fragilities using response surface metamodels[D].Atlanta,GA:Georgia Institute of Technology,2004.
[27]GB5001-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.GB5001-2010 Gode for Seismic Design of Buildings[S].Beijing:Building Industry Press of China,2010.(in Chinese)
[28]Simon J,Bracci J M,Gardoni P.Seismic response and fragility of deteriorated reinforced concrete bridges[J].Journal of Structural Engineering.2010,136(10):1273-1281.
[29]姜维.连续梁桥的地震易损性分析[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2012.JIA Wei.Fragility analysis of RC-continuous highway bridge[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2012.(in Chinese)
[30]Rezaeian S,Bozorgnia Y,Idriss I M,et al.Damping scaling factors for elastic response spectra for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions[J].Earthquake Spectra.2014,30(2):939-963.
[31]Padgett J E,Nielson B G,Desroches R.Selection of optimal intensity measures in probabilistic seismic demand models of highway bridge portfolios[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics.2008,37(5):711-725.
[32]Saha S K,Matsagar V A,Jain A K.Seismic fragility of base-isolated water storage tanks under non-stationary earthquakes[J].Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering.2016,14(4):1153-1175.
[33]李杨.近场地震作用下钢筋混凝土桥梁的地震易损性分析[D].天津:天津大学,2014.LI Yang.Seismic vulnerability analysis of reinforced concrete bridges subjected to near-fault ground motion[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2014.(in Chinese)