海藻精对玉米种子萌发及苗期水分胁迫的影响
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摘要
盆栽条件下,以珠玉甜1号、珠玉糯1号为材料,研究重度干旱、中度干旱、轻度干旱、正常供水、轻度淹水和重度淹水等6个不同水分条件下,4个不同浓度的海藻精对两个鲜食玉米品种种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,在水分胁迫下,海藻精对两个鲜食玉米种子萌发无显著效果;在玉米苗期施用海藻精0.50 g/L可促进根长增长、根条数增加,提高保护酶活性。在重度干旱和重度淹水下,珠玉甜1号幼苗叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量较未施用分别减少8.6%、22.3%,可溶性糖分别增加33.2%、42.1%。表明施用海藻精可减轻水分胁迫对细胞膜的损害,并积累可溶性糖进而增强鲜食玉米苗期的抗逆性。在水分胁迫频繁发生的背景下,华南地区种植鲜食玉米时施用海藻精有利于其稳产和高产。
Two fresh eating maize varieties(Zhuyutian No.1 and Zhuyunuo No.1) cultivated under six different moisture conditions in pot culture, the seed germination and seedling growth were investigated that sprayed the sea-weed extract solution with four different concentrations.The results showed that seaweed extract had no significant effects on the seed germination of two fresh eating maize varieties under water stresses. However, at 0.50 g/L it can enhance maize seedling resistance to water stresses through promoting root length, increasing root number, improv-ing activities of protective enzymes, accumulation of soluble sugar, therefore, decreasing content of MDA. Sprayed seaweed extracts at 0.50 g/L the MDA content of seedling leaves of Zhuyutian No.1 reduced 8.6% and 22.3%, and the soluble sugar content of it increased 33.2% and 42.1% comparing spraying water under WDS and WFS condi-tions. Under the background of water stress occurred frequently, in South China the application of seaweed extract in the cultivation of fresh eating maize is beneficial to its stable and high yield.
Two fresh eating maize varieties(Zhuyutian No.1 and Zhuyunuo No.1) cultivated under six different moisture conditions in pot culture, the seed germination and seedling growth were investigated that sprayed the sea-weed extract solution with four different concentrations.The results showed that seaweed extract had no significant effects on the seed germination of two fresh eating maize varieties under water stresses. However, at 0.50 g/L it can enhance maize seedling resistance to water stresses through promoting root length, increasing root number, improv-ing activities of protective enzymes, accumulation of soluble sugar, therefore, decreasing content of MDA. Sprayed seaweed extracts at 0.50 g/L the MDA content of seedling leaves of Zhuyutian No.1 reduced 8.6% and 22.3%, and the soluble sugar content of it increased 33.2% and 42.1% comparing spraying water under WDS and WFS condi-tions. Under the background of water stress occurred frequently, in South China the application of seaweed extract in the cultivation of fresh eating maize is beneficial to its stable and high yield.
引文
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[14]李晓旭,李家政.优化蒽酮比色法测定甜玉米中可溶性糖的含量[J].保鲜与加工,2013,13(4):24-27.Li X X,Li J Z.Determination of the content of soluble sugar in sweet corn with optimized an throne colorimetric method[J].Storage and Process,2013,13(4):24-27.(in Chinese)
[15]王伟玲,王展,王晶英.植物过氧化物酶活性测定方法优化[J].实验室研究与探索,2010,29(4):21-23.Wang W L,Wang Z,Wang J Y.Optimization of determination method of peroxidase activity in plant[J].Research and Exploration in Laboratory,2010,29(4):21-23.(in Chinese)
[16]Greenway,Hank.Conditions leading to high CO sub(2)(>5 kPa)in waterlogged-flooded soils and possible effects on root growth and metabolism[J].Annals of Botany,2006,98(1):9-32.
[17]姬静华,霍治国,胡飞,等.鲜食玉米形态特征、生理特性及产量对淹水的响应[J].玉米科学,2016,24(3):85-91.Ji J H,Huo Z G,Hu F,et al.Waterlogging effects on the morpholog-ical,physiological characteristics and yield of fresh eating maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2016,24(3):85-91.(in Chinese)
[18]Bansal R,Srivastara J P.Antioxidative defense system in pigeon pea roots under waterlogging stress[J].Acta Physioligiae Planta-rum,2012,34(2):515-522.
[19]韩玉军,陶波.壳聚糖对玉米幼苗生长及生理生化活性的影响[J].玉米科学,2012,20(3):73-76.Han Y J,Tao B.Effects of chitosan on the seedlings growth and the physiochemical activity of maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2012,20(3):73-76.(in Chinese)
[2]马伟,姬静华,胡飞,等.壳聚糖和水杨酸混配液对移栽返青期水稻幼苗抗寒性影响及机理[J].中国稻米,2015,21(4):150-154.Ma W,Ji J H,Hu F,et al.Effects of chitosan and salicylic acid mix-ture on cold resistance of rice seedlings during the replanting period[J].China Rice,2015,21(4):150-154.(in Chinese)
[3]齐健,宋凤斌,刘胜群.苗期玉米根叶对干旱胁迫的生理响应[J].生态环境,2006,15(6):1264-1268.Qi J,Song F B,Liu S Q.The physiological response of maize root leaves to drought stress in seedling stage[J].Ecology and Environ-ment,2006,15(6):1264-1268.(in Chinese)
[4]Pucciariello C,Voesenek L A C J,Perata P,et al.Plant reponses to flooding[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2014,5:1-2.
[5]朱敏,史振声,李凤海.玉米耐涝机理研究进展[J].玉米科学,2015,23(1):122-127,133.Zhu M,Shi Z S,Li F H.Response mechanisms of maize to waterlog-ging stress[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2015,23(1):122-127,133.(in Chinese)
[6]张淑勇,国静,刘炜,等.玉米苗期叶片主要生理生化指标对土壤水分的响应[J].玉米科学,2011,19(5):68-72,77.Zhang S Y,Guo J,Liu W,et al.Responses of main physiological and biochemical indexes of maize leaf to soil moisture at seedling stage[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2011,19(5):68-72,77.(in Chi-nese)
[7]杨勤,刘永红.干旱对甜、糯玉米幼苗生长和生理指标的影响研究[J].玉米科学,2005,13(1):72-76.Yang Q,Liu Y H.Research on growing and physiologic index of sweet maize seedling and glutinous maize seedling under drought[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2005,13(1):72-76.(in Chinese)
[8]蔡庆红,陶优生,唐云鹏,等.南方玉米高产栽培技术研究进展[J].作物研究,2012,26(3):282-287.Cai Q H,Tao Y S,Tang Y P,et al.Research progress of high yield cultivation technology in southern corn[J].Crop Research,2012,26(3):282-287.(in Chinese)
[9]僧珊珊.淹水胁迫对不同基因型玉米生长发育影响及其机理研究[D].河南农业大学,2012.
[10]王强,石伟勇.海藻肥对番茄生长的影响及其机理研究[J].浙江农业科学,2003(2):67-70.Wang Q,Shi W Y.Effects of seaweed fertilizer on tomato growth and its mechanism[J].Zhejiang Agricultural Science,2003(2):67-70.(in Chinese)
[11]温延臣,袁亮,林治安,等.海藻液对玉米苗期生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(30):36-39.Wen Y C,Yuan L,Lin Z A,et al.Effects of seaweed extract in maize seedling stage[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(30):36-39.(in Chinese)
[12]黄清梅,肖植文,管俊娇,等.海藻肥对玉米产量及农艺性状的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(3):1166-1170.Huang Q M,Xiao Z W,Guan J J,et al.Effects of seaweed fertilizer on yield and agronomic characteristics of maize[J].Southwest Chi-na Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2015,28(3):1166-1170.(in Chinese)
[13]王智威,牟思维,闫丽丽,等.水分胁迫对春播玉米苗期生长及其生理生化特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(2):343-351.Wang Z W,Mu S W,Yan L L,et al.Effects of physiological and biochemical characteristics and growth under water stress in seed-ling of spring maize[J].Journal of Northwestern Plants,2013,33(2):343-351.(in Chinese)
[14]李晓旭,李家政.优化蒽酮比色法测定甜玉米中可溶性糖的含量[J].保鲜与加工,2013,13(4):24-27.Li X X,Li J Z.Determination of the content of soluble sugar in sweet corn with optimized an throne colorimetric method[J].Storage and Process,2013,13(4):24-27.(in Chinese)
[15]王伟玲,王展,王晶英.植物过氧化物酶活性测定方法优化[J].实验室研究与探索,2010,29(4):21-23.Wang W L,Wang Z,Wang J Y.Optimization of determination method of peroxidase activity in plant[J].Research and Exploration in Laboratory,2010,29(4):21-23.(in Chinese)
[16]Greenway,Hank.Conditions leading to high CO sub(2)(>5 kPa)in waterlogged-flooded soils and possible effects on root growth and metabolism[J].Annals of Botany,2006,98(1):9-32.
[17]姬静华,霍治国,胡飞,等.鲜食玉米形态特征、生理特性及产量对淹水的响应[J].玉米科学,2016,24(3):85-91.Ji J H,Huo Z G,Hu F,et al.Waterlogging effects on the morpholog-ical,physiological characteristics and yield of fresh eating maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2016,24(3):85-91.(in Chinese)
[18]Bansal R,Srivastara J P.Antioxidative defense system in pigeon pea roots under waterlogging stress[J].Acta Physioligiae Planta-rum,2012,34(2):515-522.
[19]韩玉军,陶波.壳聚糖对玉米幼苗生长及生理生化活性的影响[J].玉米科学,2012,20(3):73-76.Han Y J,Tao B.Effects of chitosan on the seedlings growth and the physiochemical activity of maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2012,20(3):73-76.(in Chinese)