花期高温对不同夏玉米品种产量及品质的影响
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摘要
以20个黄淮海区域主栽夏玉米品种为试验材料,采用大田试验,研究花期高温胁迫对不同夏玉米品种产量和品质的影响,并对夏玉米品种的耐热性进行评价,为黄淮海区域耐热夏玉米品种的推广应用提供理论依据。结果表明,高温胁迫可降低夏玉米品种百粒质量、穗行数和穗粒数,进而降低产量,其中,郑单958、隆平206、登海605、伟科702、郑单1002、郑单309、京科968、中科玉505的产量耐热系数较高,而浚单29、先玉335、蠡玉16、农华101、迪卡517、联创808、郑单343等品种的产量耐热系数较低。与对照(常温处理)相比,高温处理夏玉米品种总蛋白质含量平均增加4.27%,清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白含量分别增加13.33%、10.53%、12.12%;总淀粉含量下降2.11%,其中支链淀粉含量下降了3.02%。其中,高温处理伟科702、郑单1002、郑单309、先玉335的总蛋白质含量较对照增加较多,分别增加了23.06%、19.77%、18.67%、18.58%,而浚单29、农大372、裕丰303较对照降低较多,分别降低了9.68%、10.25%、11.36%;秋乐218、新单68、中科玉505、裕丰303的总淀粉含量较对照降低较多,分别降低了5.60%、6.47%、5.13%、5.49%,而浚单29、伟科702、郑单1002分别较对照降低了0.28%、0.03%、0.34%。利用产量耐热系数进行聚类分析,将20个品种分为3类:耐热型、中间型和热敏感型,耐热型包括农大372、登海605、郑单1002、郑单309、京科968、中科玉505,中间型包括郑单958、隆平206、宇玉30、伟科702、新单68,热敏感型包括浚单29、先玉335、蠡玉16、联创808、农华101、迪卡517、秋乐218、裕丰303、郑单343。高温处理下,热敏感型品种的籽粒总蛋白质含量最高,但较对照变化幅度最小;不同类型品种淀粉含量相近,但以热敏感型品种较对照的变化幅度最大。
The field experiment was carried out with 20 main summer maize varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai region as test materials,the effect of high temperature on yield and quality of different summer maize varieties at flowering stage was studied,so as to provide theoretical basis for the promoting and application of heat tolerant summer maize varieties.The results showed that high temperature stress reduced 100-grain weight,row number per spike and grain number per spike,and thus reduced yield.The heat-tolerant coefficients of yield of Zhengdan 958,Longping 206,Denghai 605,Weike 702,Zhengdan 1002,Zhengdan 309,Jingke 968 and Zhongkeyu 505 were higher than other varieties,while the heat-tolerant coefficients of yield of Xundan 29,Xianyu 335,Liyu 16,Nonghua 101,Dika 517,Lianchuang 808 and Zhengdan 343 were lower.Compared with the control(normal temperature treatment),the total protein content of summer maize varieties of high temperature treatment increased by 4.27% on average,the contents of albumin,globulin and prolamin increased by 13.33%,10.53% and 12.12%,respectively,and the total starch content decreased by 2.11%,especially the amylopectin content decreased by 3.02%.Among them,the increase rates of total protein content of Weike 702,Zhengdan 1002,Zhengdan 309 and Xianyu 335 of high temperature treatment were higher,which were 23.06%,19.77%,18.67% and 18.58%,respectively,while the decrease rates of total protein content of Xundan 29,Nongda 372 and Yufeng 303 were higher,which were 9.68%,10.25% and 11.36%,respectively; the decrease rate of total starch content of Qiule 218,Xindan 68,Zhongkeyu 505 and Yufeng 303 of high temperature treatment were higher,which were 5.60%,6.47%,5.13% and 5.49%,respectively,while the total starch content of Xundan 29,Weike 702 and Zhengdan 1002 decreased by 0.28%,0.03% and 0.34%,respectively.According to cluster analysis using heat-tolerant coefficient of yield,20 maize hybrids were divided into three types,including heat-tolerant type,moderate heat-tolerant type and heat-sensitive type.Heat-tolerant type mainly included Nongda 372,Denghai 605,Zhengdan 1002,Zhengdan 309,Jingke 968 and Zhongkeyu 505;moderate heat-tolerant type included Zhengdan 958,Longping 206,Yuyu 30,Weike 702 and Xindan 68;heat-sensitive type included Xundan 29,Xianyu 335,Liyu 16,Lianchuang 808,Nonghua 101,Dika 517,Qiule 218,Yufeng 303 and Zhengdan 343.Under high temperature treatment,the total protein content of grain of heat-sensitive type was the highest,but the change range was the smallest; the starch content of different types was similar,but the change range of the heat-sensitive type was the biggest.
The field experiment was carried out with 20 main summer maize varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai region as test materials,the effect of high temperature on yield and quality of different summer maize varieties at flowering stage was studied,so as to provide theoretical basis for the promoting and application of heat tolerant summer maize varieties.The results showed that high temperature stress reduced 100-grain weight,row number per spike and grain number per spike,and thus reduced yield.The heat-tolerant coefficients of yield of Zhengdan 958,Longping 206,Denghai 605,Weike 702,Zhengdan 1002,Zhengdan 309,Jingke 968 and Zhongkeyu 505 were higher than other varieties,while the heat-tolerant coefficients of yield of Xundan 29,Xianyu 335,Liyu 16,Nonghua 101,Dika 517,Lianchuang 808 and Zhengdan 343 were lower.Compared with the control(normal temperature treatment),the total protein content of summer maize varieties of high temperature treatment increased by 4.27% on average,the contents of albumin,globulin and prolamin increased by 13.33%,10.53% and 12.12%,respectively,and the total starch content decreased by 2.11%,especially the amylopectin content decreased by 3.02%.Among them,the increase rates of total protein content of Weike 702,Zhengdan 1002,Zhengdan 309 and Xianyu 335 of high temperature treatment were higher,which were 23.06%,19.77%,18.67% and 18.58%,respectively,while the decrease rates of total protein content of Xundan 29,Nongda 372 and Yufeng 303 were higher,which were 9.68%,10.25% and 11.36%,respectively; the decrease rate of total starch content of Qiule 218,Xindan 68,Zhongkeyu 505 and Yufeng 303 of high temperature treatment were higher,which were 5.60%,6.47%,5.13% and 5.49%,respectively,while the total starch content of Xundan 29,Weike 702 and Zhengdan 1002 decreased by 0.28%,0.03% and 0.34%,respectively.According to cluster analysis using heat-tolerant coefficient of yield,20 maize hybrids were divided into three types,including heat-tolerant type,moderate heat-tolerant type and heat-sensitive type.Heat-tolerant type mainly included Nongda 372,Denghai 605,Zhengdan 1002,Zhengdan 309,Jingke 968 and Zhongkeyu 505;moderate heat-tolerant type included Zhengdan 958,Longping 206,Yuyu 30,Weike 702 and Xindan 68;heat-sensitive type included Xundan 29,Xianyu 335,Liyu 16,Lianchuang 808,Nonghua 101,Dika 517,Qiule 218,Yufeng 303 and Zhengdan 343.Under high temperature treatment,the total protein content of grain of heat-sensitive type was the highest,but the change range was the smallest; the starch content of different types was similar,but the change range of the heat-sensitive type was the biggest.
引文
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[14] 陈朝辉,王安乐,王娇娟,等.高温对玉米生产的危害及防御措施[J].作物杂志,2008(4):90-92.
[15] 陈国清,沈鑫,蔡雪梅,等.灌浆结实期高温胁迫对糯玉米籽粒产量和叶片光合特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,22(2):104-108.
[16] 降志兵,陶洪斌,吴拓,等.高温对玉米花粉活力的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(3):25-29.
[17] 于康珂,刘源,李亚明,等.玉米花期耐高温品种的筛选与综合评价[J].玉米科学,2016,24(2):62-71.
[18] 赵霞,穆心愿,马智艳,等.不同玉米杂交种对花期高温、干旱复合胁迫的响应[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(8):32-37.
[19] WANG Y,FREI M.Stressed food:The impact of abiotic environmental stresses on crop quality[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2011,141(3/4):271-286.
[20] 张保仁.高温对玉米产量和品质的影响及调控研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2003.
[21] 戴廷波,赵辉,荆奇,等.灌浆期高温和水分逆境对冬小麦籽粒蛋白质和淀粉含量的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3670-3676.
[22] 赵辉,荆奇,戴廷波,等.花后高温和水分逆境对小麦籽粒蛋白质形成及其关键酶活性的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(12):2021-2027.
[23] 赵辉,戴廷波,姜东,等.高温下干旱和渍水对冬小麦花后旗叶光合特性和物质转运的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(2):333-338.
[24] 曹云英.高温对水稻产量与品质的影响及其生理机制[D].扬州:扬州大学,2009.
[25] WANG J,FENG C N,GUO W S,et al.Effects of high temperature after anthesis on starch traits of grain in wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2008,28(2):260-265.
[26] CHOWDHURY S I,WARDLAW I F.The effect of temperature on kernel development in cereals[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1978,29(2):205-223.
[27] COMMURI P D,JONES R J.Ultrastructural characterization of maize(Zea mays L.) kernels exposed to high temperature during endosperm cell division[J].Plant,Cell & Environment,1999,22(4):375-385.
[2] 刘哲,乔红兴,赵祖亮,等.黄淮海夏播玉米花期高温热害空间分布规律研究[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(7):272-279.
[3] DUKE E R,DOEHLERT D C.Effects of heat stress on enzyme activities and transcript levels in developing maize kernels grown in culture[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,1996,36(2):199-208.
[4] LU D,SUN X,YAN F,et al.Effects of high temperature during grain filling under control conditions on the physicochemical properties of waxy maize flour[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2013,98(1):302-310.
[5] 张萍,陈冠英,耿鹏,等.籽粒灌浆期高温对不同耐热型玉米品种强弱势粒发育的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2061-2070.
[6] WILHELM E P,MULLEN R E,KEELING P L,et al.Heat stress during grain filling in maize:Effects on kernel growth and metabolism[J].Crop Science,1999,39(6):1733-1741.
[7] 张保仁,董树亭,胡昌浩,等.高温对玉米籽粒淀粉合成及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(1):38-42.
[8] 李文阳,王长进,方伟,等.高温对玉米籽粒品质及淀粉糊化特性的影响[J/OL].玉米科学,2016.[2018-10-20].http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/22.1201.S20161208.1411.018.html.
[9] 杨欢,沈鑫,陆大雷,等.籽粒建成期高温胁迫持续时间对糯玉米籽粒产量和淀粉品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2071-2082.
[10] 何照范.粮油籽粒品质及其分析技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1985.
[11] LUTHE D.Storage protein accumulation in developing rice(Oryza sativa L.) seeds[J].Plant Science Letters,1983,32(1/2):147-158.
[12] 赵丽晓,雷鸣,王璞,等.花期高温对玉米籽粒发育和产量的影响[J].作物杂志,2014(4):6-9.
[13] 赵龙飞,李潮海,刘天学,等.花期前后高温对不同基因型玉米光合特性及产量和品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(23):4947-4958.
[14] 陈朝辉,王安乐,王娇娟,等.高温对玉米生产的危害及防御措施[J].作物杂志,2008(4):90-92.
[15] 陈国清,沈鑫,蔡雪梅,等.灌浆结实期高温胁迫对糯玉米籽粒产量和叶片光合特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,22(2):104-108.
[16] 降志兵,陶洪斌,吴拓,等.高温对玉米花粉活力的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(3):25-29.
[17] 于康珂,刘源,李亚明,等.玉米花期耐高温品种的筛选与综合评价[J].玉米科学,2016,24(2):62-71.
[18] 赵霞,穆心愿,马智艳,等.不同玉米杂交种对花期高温、干旱复合胁迫的响应[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(8):32-37.
[19] WANG Y,FREI M.Stressed food:The impact of abiotic environmental stresses on crop quality[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2011,141(3/4):271-286.
[20] 张保仁.高温对玉米产量和品质的影响及调控研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2003.
[21] 戴廷波,赵辉,荆奇,等.灌浆期高温和水分逆境对冬小麦籽粒蛋白质和淀粉含量的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3670-3676.
[22] 赵辉,荆奇,戴廷波,等.花后高温和水分逆境对小麦籽粒蛋白质形成及其关键酶活性的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(12):2021-2027.
[23] 赵辉,戴廷波,姜东,等.高温下干旱和渍水对冬小麦花后旗叶光合特性和物质转运的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(2):333-338.
[24] 曹云英.高温对水稻产量与品质的影响及其生理机制[D].扬州:扬州大学,2009.
[25] WANG J,FENG C N,GUO W S,et al.Effects of high temperature after anthesis on starch traits of grain in wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2008,28(2):260-265.
[26] CHOWDHURY S I,WARDLAW I F.The effect of temperature on kernel development in cereals[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1978,29(2):205-223.
[27] COMMURI P D,JONES R J.Ultrastructural characterization of maize(Zea mays L.) kernels exposed to high temperature during endosperm cell division[J].Plant,Cell & Environment,1999,22(4):375-385.