黄、东海表层沉积物重金属赋存形态及风险评价
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摘要
利用Teissier 5步连续提取法分析了黄、东海6个表层沉积物样品中重金属Zn、Pb、Ni、V、Fe和Mn的赋存形态,并基于富集因子评价法、地质累积指数评价法和酸提取态比重风险评价法对6种重金属的污染现状和潜在生态风险进行了初步评价。各重金属的含量分布依次为:Fe>Mn>Zn>V>Ni>Pb。Ni、Zn、V和Fe两两之间均呈现很好的正相关,表明这些元素污染具有同源性。赋存形态分析表明,V、Fe、Zn和Ni主要以残渣态存在,Pb和Mn在可提取态和残渣态比例相当。铁锰氧化物结合态和碳酸盐结合态是非残渣态Pb和Mn的主要存在形式。富集因子评价法和地质累积指数评价法结果显示,Pb、V、Fe和Mn主要受自然来源影响,未受到人类活动的影响。Ni和Zn受到轻微人类活动影响。酸提取态比重风险评价结果显示,Pb和Mn风险评价为中风险,易从沉积物重新释放进入水体形成二次污染。
The speciation of Zn,Pb,Ni,V,Fe and Mn of six surface sediments from the Yellow Sea(YS)and the East China Sea(ECS)was determined using the Tessier sequential extraction procedure(SEP).The pollution levels of six heavy metals were evaluated by the ecological risk assessment(enrichment factor(EF),geoaccumulation index(Igeo)and acid-soluble fraction).The distributions of heavy metals followed the order of Fe>Mn>Zn>V>Ni>Pb.The good positive relationship between Ni,Zn,V and Fe indicates the same pollution source.Sequential extractions suggested that V,Fe,Zn and Ni were mainly associated with residual fractions,and the amounts of non-residual fractions of Pb and Mn were equal to that of the residual fractions.In non-residual fractions,Fe-Mn oxides fraction and carbonate fraction were the main fractions.The EF values and Igeovalues indicated that Pb,V,Fe and Mn were mainly from the terrestrial input while Ni and Zn were slightly polluted by exterior input.The results of ecological risk assessment from acid-soluble fraction demonstrated moderately polluted for Pb and Mn,which are likely to be released from sediments and lead to the second pollution to the aquatic environment.
The speciation of Zn,Pb,Ni,V,Fe and Mn of six surface sediments from the Yellow Sea(YS)and the East China Sea(ECS)was determined using the Tessier sequential extraction procedure(SEP).The pollution levels of six heavy metals were evaluated by the ecological risk assessment(enrichment factor(EF),geoaccumulation index(Igeo)and acid-soluble fraction).The distributions of heavy metals followed the order of Fe>Mn>Zn>V>Ni>Pb.The good positive relationship between Ni,Zn,V and Fe indicates the same pollution source.Sequential extractions suggested that V,Fe,Zn and Ni were mainly associated with residual fractions,and the amounts of non-residual fractions of Pb and Mn were equal to that of the residual fractions.In non-residual fractions,Fe-Mn oxides fraction and carbonate fraction were the main fractions.The EF values and Igeovalues indicated that Pb,V,Fe and Mn were mainly from the terrestrial input while Ni and Zn were slightly polluted by exterior input.The results of ecological risk assessment from acid-soluble fraction demonstrated moderately polluted for Pb and Mn,which are likely to be released from sediments and lead to the second pollution to the aquatic environment.
引文
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[18]魏璟弢,张焕玲,李铁,等.胶州湾及青岛近海表层沉积物重金属赋存形态研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2012,42:157-164.Wei Jingtao,Zhang Huanling,Li Tie,et al.Study of the geochemical forms of heavy metals in surface sediments of Jiaozhou Bay and Qingdao inshore areas[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2012,42:157-164.
[19] Yu Y,Song J,Li X,et al.Fractionation,sources and budgets of potential harmful elements in surface sediments of the East China Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013,68(1-2):157-167.
[20] Yuan C G,Shi J B,He B,et al.Speciation of heavy metals in marine sediments from the East China Sea by ICP-MS with sequential extraction[J].Environment International,2004,30(6):769-783.
[21] Gao X,Li P.Concentration and fractionation of trace metals in surface sediments of intertidal Bohai Bay,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64(8):1529-1536.
[22]徐亚岩,宋金明,李学刚,等.渤海湾表层沉积物各形态重金属的分布特征与生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(3):732-740.Xu Yayan,Song Jinming,Li Xuegang,et al.Variation characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Bohai Bay[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(3):732-740.
[23] Liu M,Zhang A B,Fan D J,et al.Environmental quality of heavy metals in surface sediments in the central region of the Bohai Sea[J].China Environmental Science(in Chinese),2012,32(2):279-290.
[24] Gao X L,Chen C T A.Heavy metal pollution status in surface sediments of the coastal Bohai Bay[J].Water Research,2012,46(6):1901-1911.
[25] Gao X L,Zhou F X,Chen C T A.Pollution status of the Bohai Sea:an overview of the environmental quality assessment related trace metals[J].Environment International,2014,62(4):12-30.
[26] Liu M,Fan D J,Liao Y J,et al.Heavy metals in surficial sediments of the central Bohai Sea:their distribution,speciation and sources[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2016,35(9):98-110.
[27] Jiang X,Teng A,Xu W,et al.Distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments in the Yellow Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,83(1):366-375.
[28] Yuan H,Song J,Li X,et al.Distribution and contamination of heavy metals in surface sediments of the South Yellow Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64(10):2151-2159.
[29]杜俊涛,陈洪涛,田琳.北黄海表层沉积物中重金属含量及其污染评价[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40:167-172.Du Juntao,Chen Hongtao,Tian Lin.Heavy metals in the surface sediments of the North Yellow Sea and its ecological risk[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2010,40:167-172.
[30] Lu J,Li A,Huang P.Distribution,sources and contamination assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the South Yellow Sea and northern part of the East China Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,124(1):470-479.
[31] Tessier A,Campbell P G C,Bisson M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[32] Abrahim G M,Parker R J.Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary,Auckland,New Zealand[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2008,136(1-3):227-238.
[33]赵一阳,鄢明才.黄河、长江、中国浅海沉积物化学元素丰度比较[J].科学通报,1992,37(13):1202-1204.Zhao Yiyang,Yan Mingcai.Comparison of chemical elements abundance of Yellow River,Yangtze River and shallow sea in China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1992,37(13):1202-1204.
[34] Zhang J,Liu C L.Riverine composition and estuarine geochemistry of particulate metals in China-weathering features,anthropogenic impact and chemical fluxes[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,2002,54(6):1051-1070.
[35]Müller G.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River[J].Geojournal,1969,2(108):108-118.
[36]窦维伟.黄、东海沉积物中金属元素的地球化学组成及铝、钛的结合态分布[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2007.Dou Weiwei.Biogeochemical Characteristics of Metal Elements and Speciation of Aluminum and Titanium in Sediments in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2007.
[2]刘文新,邱炜珣,陈江麟.近年渤海与黄海北部沿岸底栖贝类体内微污染物的分布特征[J].环境科学,2011,32(2):445-451.Liu Wenxin,Qiu WeiXun,Chen Jianglin.Distribution characteristics of trace pollutants in benthic mussels from the coastal areas of Bohai Sea and North Yellow Sea[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(2):445-451.
[3]吴星,贾永锋,朱慧杰,等.沉积物中颗粒态镉的赋存形态对文蛤富集效性的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(1):179-184.Wu Xing,Jia Yongfeng,Zhu Huijie,et al.Influence of speciation on the bioavailability of particle-bound cadmium in sediments[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(1):179-184.
[4]吴丰昌,万国江,蔡玉蓉.沉积物-水界面的生物地球化学作用[J].地球科学进展,1996,11(2):191-197.Wu Fengchang, Wang Guojiang,Cai Yurong.Biogeochemical processes at the sediment-water interface[J].Advances in Earth Science,1996,11(2):191-197.
[5]李铁,叶常明,雷志芳.沉积物与水间相互作用的研究进展[J].环境科学进展,1998,5(6):29-39.Li Tie,Ye Changming,Lei Zhifang.Advances of interactions between sediments and water[J].Advances in Environmental Science,1998,5(6):29-39.
[6]王翔,聂湘平,黄卓尔,等.广州城市河涌沉积物浸出液对水生生物的急性毒性[J].生态毒理学报,2006,1(2):180-185.Wang Xiang,Nie Xiangping,Huang Zhuoer,et al.Toxicity of the lixivium of the sediment from 6streams of Guangzhou to aquatic organisms[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2006,1(2):180-185.
[7]宋宪强,雷恒毅,余光伟,等.重污染感潮河道底泥重金属污染评价及释放规律研究[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(11):2258-2268.Song Xianqiang,Lei Hengyi,Yu Guangwei,et al.Evaluation of heavy metal pollution and release from sediment in a heavily polluted tidal river[J].Acta Science Circumstantiae,2008,28(11):2258-2268.
[8]陈奎,周勇华,张怀静.东昌湖水体和表层沉积物重金属元素污染评价[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2012,42(10):97-105.Chen kui,Zhou Yonghua,Zhang Huaijing.Pollution evaluation of heavy metal element of water and surface sediment in the Dongchang lake[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2012,42(10):97-105.
[9] Liu S,Shi X,Liu Y,et al.Concentration distribution and assessment of heavy metals in sediments of mud area from inner continental shelf of the East China Sea[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,64(2):567-579.
[10] Xiao C,Jian H,Chen L,et al.Toxic metal pollution in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea,China:distribution,controlling factors and potential risk[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,119(1):381-389.
[11]于萍,刘汝海,王艳,等.葫芦岛南岸海域沉积物重金属生态风险评价[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40:151-156.Yu Ping,Liu Ruhai,Wang Yan,et al.The potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments in the sea area of Southern Huludao[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2010,40:151-156.
[12]郭笑笑,刘丛强,朱兆洲,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(5):889-896.Guo Xiaoxiao,Liu Congqiang,Zhu Zhaozhou,et al.Evaluation methods for soil heavy metals contamination[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(5):889-896.
[13]滕德强,吕颂辉,郭福星,等.长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属分布和潜在生态危害评价[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(2):11-19.Teng Deqiang,Lv Songhui,Guo Fuxing,et al.Distribution pattern of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Yangtze Estuary and adjacent areas and its ecological risk[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2012,32(2):11-19.
[14]肖彩玲,陈路锋,李雁宾.胶州湾沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价[J].中国科技论文,2017,12(9):1079-1086.Xiao Cailing,Chen Lufeng,Li Yanbing.Distribution characteristics and potential risk assessment of heavy metals in the sediment of Jiaozhou Bay[J].China Sciencepaper,2017,12(9):1079-1086.
[15] Hu B Q,Li J,Zhao J T,et al.Heavy metal in surface sediments of the Liaodong Bay,Bohai Sea:distribution,contamination,and sources[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2013,185(6):5071-5083.
[16] Zhang J.Heavy metal compositions of suspended sediments in the Changjiang(Yangtze River)estuary:significance of riverine transport to the ocean[J].Continental Shelf Research,1999,19(12):1521-1543.
[17]余辉,张文斌,余建平.洪泽湖表层沉积物重金属分布特征及其风险评价[J].环境科学,2011,32(2):437-444.Yu Hui,Zhang Wenbin,Yu Jianping.Distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Hongze lake[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(2):437-444.
[18]魏璟弢,张焕玲,李铁,等.胶州湾及青岛近海表层沉积物重金属赋存形态研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2012,42:157-164.Wei Jingtao,Zhang Huanling,Li Tie,et al.Study of the geochemical forms of heavy metals in surface sediments of Jiaozhou Bay and Qingdao inshore areas[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2012,42:157-164.
[19] Yu Y,Song J,Li X,et al.Fractionation,sources and budgets of potential harmful elements in surface sediments of the East China Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013,68(1-2):157-167.
[20] Yuan C G,Shi J B,He B,et al.Speciation of heavy metals in marine sediments from the East China Sea by ICP-MS with sequential extraction[J].Environment International,2004,30(6):769-783.
[21] Gao X,Li P.Concentration and fractionation of trace metals in surface sediments of intertidal Bohai Bay,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64(8):1529-1536.
[22]徐亚岩,宋金明,李学刚,等.渤海湾表层沉积物各形态重金属的分布特征与生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(3):732-740.Xu Yayan,Song Jinming,Li Xuegang,et al.Variation characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Bohai Bay[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(3):732-740.
[23] Liu M,Zhang A B,Fan D J,et al.Environmental quality of heavy metals in surface sediments in the central region of the Bohai Sea[J].China Environmental Science(in Chinese),2012,32(2):279-290.
[24] Gao X L,Chen C T A.Heavy metal pollution status in surface sediments of the coastal Bohai Bay[J].Water Research,2012,46(6):1901-1911.
[25] Gao X L,Zhou F X,Chen C T A.Pollution status of the Bohai Sea:an overview of the environmental quality assessment related trace metals[J].Environment International,2014,62(4):12-30.
[26] Liu M,Fan D J,Liao Y J,et al.Heavy metals in surficial sediments of the central Bohai Sea:their distribution,speciation and sources[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2016,35(9):98-110.
[27] Jiang X,Teng A,Xu W,et al.Distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments in the Yellow Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,83(1):366-375.
[28] Yuan H,Song J,Li X,et al.Distribution and contamination of heavy metals in surface sediments of the South Yellow Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64(10):2151-2159.
[29]杜俊涛,陈洪涛,田琳.北黄海表层沉积物中重金属含量及其污染评价[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40:167-172.Du Juntao,Chen Hongtao,Tian Lin.Heavy metals in the surface sediments of the North Yellow Sea and its ecological risk[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2010,40:167-172.
[30] Lu J,Li A,Huang P.Distribution,sources and contamination assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the South Yellow Sea and northern part of the East China Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,124(1):470-479.
[31] Tessier A,Campbell P G C,Bisson M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[32] Abrahim G M,Parker R J.Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary,Auckland,New Zealand[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2008,136(1-3):227-238.
[33]赵一阳,鄢明才.黄河、长江、中国浅海沉积物化学元素丰度比较[J].科学通报,1992,37(13):1202-1204.Zhao Yiyang,Yan Mingcai.Comparison of chemical elements abundance of Yellow River,Yangtze River and shallow sea in China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1992,37(13):1202-1204.
[34] Zhang J,Liu C L.Riverine composition and estuarine geochemistry of particulate metals in China-weathering features,anthropogenic impact and chemical fluxes[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,2002,54(6):1051-1070.
[35]Müller G.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River[J].Geojournal,1969,2(108):108-118.
[36]窦维伟.黄、东海沉积物中金属元素的地球化学组成及铝、钛的结合态分布[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2007.Dou Weiwei.Biogeochemical Characteristics of Metal Elements and Speciation of Aluminum and Titanium in Sediments in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2007.