复合绝缘子用硅橡胶老化状态评估方法
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摘要
复合绝缘子硅橡胶伞裙护套在长期的户外运行条件下会出现老化现象,给绝缘子运行带来隐患,运维单位需定期进行抽检分析来评估硅橡胶的老化状态,但目前尚无有效的评估方法。本文从电网系统对硅橡胶性能要求的重要指标入手,将憎水性以及耐漏电起痕和电蚀损性能两项指标分级,作为评估硅橡胶老化状态的根本凭据,然后测量材料其他的宏观微观参数,将硬度、明度、密度、热失重转折点和终点的剩余比例以及典型官能团红外光谱吸收峰等作为评估硅橡胶老化状态的备选特征量。最后利用统计分析的数学方法研究性能指标及老化状态与特征量之间的关系。结果表明,利用硬度Hshore、HC分级以及密度ρ能判别硅橡胶的老化状态,方法简单可行,便于运维人员对硅橡胶状态的可靠的评估,保障了输电线路的安全运行。
The silicone rubber of shed and sheath on composite insulator is easy to age during the long-term outdoor environment, bringing hidden troubles to the operation of insulator. So the operation and maintenance departments should evaluate the aging state of silicone rubber by sampling test method. Nevertheless there is not an effective method so far. In this paper, some important performance indicators such as hydrophobicity, tracking and erosion resistance are ranked. Various microscopic parameters of silicone rubber are measured. Alternative characteristics are used to assess aging of silicone rubber such as hardness, lightness, density, remaining mass ratios of turning point, end point on the thermal gravimetric(TG) curve and absorption peaks of typical functional group in infrared spectrum. At last, the functional relationship between key performance indicators/aging and characteristic values are studied through statistical analysis methods. The results show that aging of silicone rubber can be determined by hardness(Hshore), HC-grade and density(ρ). This method is simple and feasible to evaluate the aging of silicone rubber precisely for researchers.
The silicone rubber of shed and sheath on composite insulator is easy to age during the long-term outdoor environment, bringing hidden troubles to the operation of insulator. So the operation and maintenance departments should evaluate the aging state of silicone rubber by sampling test method. Nevertheless there is not an effective method so far. In this paper, some important performance indicators such as hydrophobicity, tracking and erosion resistance are ranked. Various microscopic parameters of silicone rubber are measured. Alternative characteristics are used to assess aging of silicone rubber such as hardness, lightness, density, remaining mass ratios of turning point, end point on the thermal gravimetric(TG) curve and absorption peaks of typical functional group in infrared spectrum. At last, the functional relationship between key performance indicators/aging and characteristic values are studied through statistical analysis methods. The results show that aging of silicone rubber can be determined by hardness(Hshore), HC-grade and density(ρ). This method is simple and feasible to evaluate the aging of silicone rubber precisely for researchers.
引文
[1]关志成.绝缘子及输变电设备外绝缘[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[2]梁曦东,高岩峰,王家福,等.中国硅橡胶复合绝缘子快速发展历程[J].高电压技术,2016,42(9):2888-2896.Liang Xidong,Gao Yanfeng,Wang Jiafu,et al.Rapid development of silicone rubber composite insulator in China[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(9):2888-2896.
[3]田付强,彭潇.耐电晕耐电痕化绝缘材料研究进展[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(16):3-13.Tian Fuqiang,Peng Xiao.The research progress of corona-resistant and tracking-resistant insulating materials[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(16):3-13.
[4]广东电网输电设备运行分析报告(2017年版)[R].广州:广东电网有限责任公司,2018.
[5]梁曦东,张轶博,殷禹,等.复合绝缘子的5000h多因素试验及长期性能评价[J].高电压技术,2012,38(10):2492-2498.Liang Xidong,Zhang Yibo,Yin Yu,et al.5000h multi-stress test procedure for silicone rubber composite insulators and its applications in long-term performance evaluation[J].High Voltage Engineering2012,38(10):2492-2498.
[6]Chaisaengsukkul A,Kinares V,Pattanadech N.Acomparison between silicone rubber and EPDM under polluted dust with ozone,UV and temperature[C]//TENCON 2010-IEEE Region 10 Conference,Fukuoka,Japan,2010:1272-1277.
[7]Ali M,Hackam R.Effects of saline water and temperature on surface properties of HTV silicone rubber[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(5):1368-1378.
[8]周远翔,侯非,聂琼,等.温度对硅橡胶电树枝老化特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2012,38(10):2640-2646.Zhou Yuanxiang,Hou Fei,Nie Qiong,et al.Temperature effects on electrical tree aging characteristics of silicone rubber[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(10):2640-2646.
[9]李鹏,马斌,刘道辉,等.紫外线老化对复合绝缘子硅橡胶憎水性的影响[J].中国电力,2015,48(3):80-83,98.Li Peng,Ma Bin,Liu Daohui,et al.Influence of ultraviolet radiation aging on hydrophobicity of silicone rubber used for composite insulator[J].Electric Power,2015,48(3):80-83,98.
[10]刘云鹏,王秋莎,律方成,等.紫外辐射对高温硫化硅橡胶性能影响初探[J].高电压技术,2010,36(11):2634-2638.Liu Yunpeng,Wang Qiusha,LüFangcheng,et al.Influence of UV radiation on HTV silicon rubber performance[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(11):2634-2638.
[11]祁黎,颜景莲,欧阳旭丹,等.复合绝缘子硅橡胶材料老化试验研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(12):91-94.Qi Li,Yan Jinglian,Ouyang Xudan,et al.Research on ageing test of silicone rubber material for composite insulators[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(12):91-94.
[12]屠幼萍,王倩,李敏,等.臭氧浓度对HTV硅橡胶材料的老化作用[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(1):21-28.Tu Youping,Wang Qian,Li Min,et al.Influence of ozone concentration on deterioration of HTV silicon rubber[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(1):21-28.
[13]Chen Can,Jia Zhidong,Wang Xilin,et al.Micro characterization and degradation mechanism of liquid silicone rubber used for external insulation[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(1):313-321.
[14]彭向阳,李子健,黄振,等.基于TG-DSC法的复合绝缘子硅橡胶主组分含量研究[J].南方电网技术,2017,11(1):36-44.Peng Xiangyang,Li Zijian,Huang Zhen,et al.TG-DSC coupling techniques based investigation on main component content of silicone rubber composite insulators[J].Southern Power System Technology2017,11(1):36-44.
[15]陈灿,王希林,贾志东,等.基于高分子结晶分析方法的液体硅橡胶老化机制研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(9):1462-1470.Chen Can,Wang Xilin,Jia Zhidong,et al.A polymer crystallization based study on the degradation mechanism of liquid silicone rubber[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(9):1462-1470.
[16]覃永雄,虞澜,傅佳,等.长波紫外照射下高温硫化硅橡胶的微观物性及憎水性研究[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(12):242-250.Qin Yongxiong,Yu Lan,Fu Jia,et al.Research on microscopic properties and hydrophobicity high temperature vulcanization silicone rubber under long wave ultraviolet radiation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(12):242-250.
[17]徐征,吴嘉敏.用于复合绝缘子伞裙老化状态检测的单边核磁共振传感器[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(12):118-125.Xu Zheng,Wu Jiamin.A portable unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance sensor used for detecting the aging status of composite insulator[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(12):118-125.
[18]GB/T 19519-2014架空线路绝缘子标称电压高于1000V交流系统用悬垂和耐张复合绝缘子定义、试验方法及接收准则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[19]GB/T 6553-2014严酷环境条件下使用的电气绝缘材料评定耐电痕化和蚀损的试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[20]GB/T 24622-2009绝缘子表面润湿性测量导则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[21]汪佛池,黄成才,李永刚,等.硅橡胶复合绝缘子老化状态评估新判据[J].电网技术,2014,38(11):3224-3229.Wang Fochi,Huang Chengcai,Li Yonggang,et al.Anew criterion to assess aging status of silicon rubber composite insulator[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(11):3224-3229.
[22]蔡晶,陈灿,石海珍,等.外绝缘硅橡胶材料硬化褪色现象分析及机理研究[J].绝缘材料,2017,50(10):72-76,81.Cai Jing,Chen Can,Shi Haizhen,et al.Study on hardening and color fading mechanism of silicone rubber for outdoor insulation[J].Insulating Materials,2017,50(10):72-76,81.
[23]李晓明,林荣伟.用比重法测定混炼硅橡胶中橡胶的含量[J].电瓷避雷器,2009,229(3):9-11.Li Xiaoming,Lin Rongwei.Measurement of the rubber content in the silicone rubber compound using specific gravity method[J].Insulators and Sure Arresters,2009,229(3):9-11.
[24]贾志东,方苏,杨翠茹,等.ATH对复合绝缘子用硅橡胶性能影响的分析[J].陕西电力,2007,35(8):1-3.Jia Zhidong,Fang Su,Yang Cuiru,et al.Analysis about influence of ATH upon performance of composite insulator using silicone rubber[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2007,35(8):1-3.
[25]谢从珍,曾磊磊,甘永叶,等.基于热重红外联用的复合绝缘子芯棒热解特性研究[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(增刊1):227-233.Xie Congzhen,Zeng Leilei,Gan Yongye,et al.Study on pyrolysis characteristics of fiber reinforced plastic rod of composite insulators based on TG-FTIRanalysis[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(S1):227-233.
[26]王永强,燕迎祥,何杰.基于泄漏电流和红外光谱的复合绝缘子憎水性研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2764-2771.Wang Yongqiang,Yan Yingxiang,He Jie.Hydrophobicity of composite insulators based on the leakage current and infrared spectroscopy[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2764-2771.
[2]梁曦东,高岩峰,王家福,等.中国硅橡胶复合绝缘子快速发展历程[J].高电压技术,2016,42(9):2888-2896.Liang Xidong,Gao Yanfeng,Wang Jiafu,et al.Rapid development of silicone rubber composite insulator in China[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(9):2888-2896.
[3]田付强,彭潇.耐电晕耐电痕化绝缘材料研究进展[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(16):3-13.Tian Fuqiang,Peng Xiao.The research progress of corona-resistant and tracking-resistant insulating materials[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(16):3-13.
[4]广东电网输电设备运行分析报告(2017年版)[R].广州:广东电网有限责任公司,2018.
[5]梁曦东,张轶博,殷禹,等.复合绝缘子的5000h多因素试验及长期性能评价[J].高电压技术,2012,38(10):2492-2498.Liang Xidong,Zhang Yibo,Yin Yu,et al.5000h multi-stress test procedure for silicone rubber composite insulators and its applications in long-term performance evaluation[J].High Voltage Engineering2012,38(10):2492-2498.
[6]Chaisaengsukkul A,Kinares V,Pattanadech N.Acomparison between silicone rubber and EPDM under polluted dust with ozone,UV and temperature[C]//TENCON 2010-IEEE Region 10 Conference,Fukuoka,Japan,2010:1272-1277.
[7]Ali M,Hackam R.Effects of saline water and temperature on surface properties of HTV silicone rubber[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(5):1368-1378.
[8]周远翔,侯非,聂琼,等.温度对硅橡胶电树枝老化特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2012,38(10):2640-2646.Zhou Yuanxiang,Hou Fei,Nie Qiong,et al.Temperature effects on electrical tree aging characteristics of silicone rubber[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(10):2640-2646.
[9]李鹏,马斌,刘道辉,等.紫外线老化对复合绝缘子硅橡胶憎水性的影响[J].中国电力,2015,48(3):80-83,98.Li Peng,Ma Bin,Liu Daohui,et al.Influence of ultraviolet radiation aging on hydrophobicity of silicone rubber used for composite insulator[J].Electric Power,2015,48(3):80-83,98.
[10]刘云鹏,王秋莎,律方成,等.紫外辐射对高温硫化硅橡胶性能影响初探[J].高电压技术,2010,36(11):2634-2638.Liu Yunpeng,Wang Qiusha,LüFangcheng,et al.Influence of UV radiation on HTV silicon rubber performance[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(11):2634-2638.
[11]祁黎,颜景莲,欧阳旭丹,等.复合绝缘子硅橡胶材料老化试验研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(12):91-94.Qi Li,Yan Jinglian,Ouyang Xudan,et al.Research on ageing test of silicone rubber material for composite insulators[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(12):91-94.
[12]屠幼萍,王倩,李敏,等.臭氧浓度对HTV硅橡胶材料的老化作用[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(1):21-28.Tu Youping,Wang Qian,Li Min,et al.Influence of ozone concentration on deterioration of HTV silicon rubber[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(1):21-28.
[13]Chen Can,Jia Zhidong,Wang Xilin,et al.Micro characterization and degradation mechanism of liquid silicone rubber used for external insulation[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(1):313-321.
[14]彭向阳,李子健,黄振,等.基于TG-DSC法的复合绝缘子硅橡胶主组分含量研究[J].南方电网技术,2017,11(1):36-44.Peng Xiangyang,Li Zijian,Huang Zhen,et al.TG-DSC coupling techniques based investigation on main component content of silicone rubber composite insulators[J].Southern Power System Technology2017,11(1):36-44.
[15]陈灿,王希林,贾志东,等.基于高分子结晶分析方法的液体硅橡胶老化机制研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(9):1462-1470.Chen Can,Wang Xilin,Jia Zhidong,et al.A polymer crystallization based study on the degradation mechanism of liquid silicone rubber[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(9):1462-1470.
[16]覃永雄,虞澜,傅佳,等.长波紫外照射下高温硫化硅橡胶的微观物性及憎水性研究[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(12):242-250.Qin Yongxiong,Yu Lan,Fu Jia,et al.Research on microscopic properties and hydrophobicity high temperature vulcanization silicone rubber under long wave ultraviolet radiation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(12):242-250.
[17]徐征,吴嘉敏.用于复合绝缘子伞裙老化状态检测的单边核磁共振传感器[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(12):118-125.Xu Zheng,Wu Jiamin.A portable unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance sensor used for detecting the aging status of composite insulator[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(12):118-125.
[18]GB/T 19519-2014架空线路绝缘子标称电压高于1000V交流系统用悬垂和耐张复合绝缘子定义、试验方法及接收准则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[19]GB/T 6553-2014严酷环境条件下使用的电气绝缘材料评定耐电痕化和蚀损的试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[20]GB/T 24622-2009绝缘子表面润湿性测量导则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[21]汪佛池,黄成才,李永刚,等.硅橡胶复合绝缘子老化状态评估新判据[J].电网技术,2014,38(11):3224-3229.Wang Fochi,Huang Chengcai,Li Yonggang,et al.Anew criterion to assess aging status of silicon rubber composite insulator[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(11):3224-3229.
[22]蔡晶,陈灿,石海珍,等.外绝缘硅橡胶材料硬化褪色现象分析及机理研究[J].绝缘材料,2017,50(10):72-76,81.Cai Jing,Chen Can,Shi Haizhen,et al.Study on hardening and color fading mechanism of silicone rubber for outdoor insulation[J].Insulating Materials,2017,50(10):72-76,81.
[23]李晓明,林荣伟.用比重法测定混炼硅橡胶中橡胶的含量[J].电瓷避雷器,2009,229(3):9-11.Li Xiaoming,Lin Rongwei.Measurement of the rubber content in the silicone rubber compound using specific gravity method[J].Insulators and Sure Arresters,2009,229(3):9-11.
[24]贾志东,方苏,杨翠茹,等.ATH对复合绝缘子用硅橡胶性能影响的分析[J].陕西电力,2007,35(8):1-3.Jia Zhidong,Fang Su,Yang Cuiru,et al.Analysis about influence of ATH upon performance of composite insulator using silicone rubber[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2007,35(8):1-3.
[25]谢从珍,曾磊磊,甘永叶,等.基于热重红外联用的复合绝缘子芯棒热解特性研究[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(增刊1):227-233.Xie Congzhen,Zeng Leilei,Gan Yongye,et al.Study on pyrolysis characteristics of fiber reinforced plastic rod of composite insulators based on TG-FTIRanalysis[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(S1):227-233.
[26]王永强,燕迎祥,何杰.基于泄漏电流和红外光谱的复合绝缘子憎水性研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2764-2771.Wang Yongqiang,Yan Yingxiang,He Jie.Hydrophobicity of composite insulators based on the leakage current and infrared spectroscopy[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2764-2771.