汽车钢板弹簧动力学建模及应用研究
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摘要
针对传统的钢板弹簧动力学模型在整车平顺性仿真分析时存在的仿真精度低、未考虑运动特性等问题,开展钢板弹簧的动态特性对整车平顺性影响的研究。根据运动学理论,推导钢板弹簧的运动学特性计算公式,并分析钢板弹簧的运动特性对其弹性恢复力和阻尼力的影响;利用Hyper Mesh和ANSYS建立钢板弹簧的三维有限元模型,并将该模型导入基于ADAMS建立的整车动力学模型。对整车动力学模型进行平顺性仿真分析,结果表明:采用钢板弹簧模型与减震器模型的整车平顺性仿真结果与实车测试结果的最大误差分别为14.67%、30.48%;所建立的钢板弹簧模型与单纯将钢板弹簧简化为具有静刚度和阻尼的减震器模型相比,其平顺性仿真结果与实际更为接近。
In traditional leaf spring dynamic modeling, the leaf spring is simplified as a shock absorber which only possesses static stiffness and damping with its dynamic characteristics ignored. So, the accuracy of vehicle ride comfort simulation analysis based on this model is low. In this paper, the influence of the dynamic characteristics of the leaf spring on the ride comfort of the whole vehicle is studied. According to the theory of kinematics, the kinematic formula of the leaf spring is deduced, and the influence of the kinematic characteristics of the leaf spring on its elastic restoring force and damping force is analyzed. A three-dimensional finite element model of the leaf spring is established using Hyper Mesh and ANSYS, and this model is introduced into the vehicle dynamics model by means of ADAMS. The ride comfort analysis of the vehicle dynamics model shows that the maximum errors of the vehicle ride comfort simulation results by using the leaf spring model and using the shock absorber model are 14.67 % and 30.48 % respectively in comparison with the actual vehicle test results. So, results of the model of leaf spring established in this paper are closer to the actual vehicle test results than that of the shock absorber model.
In traditional leaf spring dynamic modeling, the leaf spring is simplified as a shock absorber which only possesses static stiffness and damping with its dynamic characteristics ignored. So, the accuracy of vehicle ride comfort simulation analysis based on this model is low. In this paper, the influence of the dynamic characteristics of the leaf spring on the ride comfort of the whole vehicle is studied. According to the theory of kinematics, the kinematic formula of the leaf spring is deduced, and the influence of the kinematic characteristics of the leaf spring on its elastic restoring force and damping force is analyzed. A three-dimensional finite element model of the leaf spring is established using Hyper Mesh and ANSYS, and this model is introduced into the vehicle dynamics model by means of ADAMS. The ride comfort analysis of the vehicle dynamics model shows that the maximum errors of the vehicle ride comfort simulation results by using the leaf spring model and using the shock absorber model are 14.67 % and 30.48 % respectively in comparison with the actual vehicle test results. So, results of the model of leaf spring established in this paper are closer to the actual vehicle test results than that of the shock absorber model.
引文
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[10]卢荡,董益量,秦民,等.钢板弹簧动态力建模[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2011,41(S1):12-16.
[11]GONG HAIQING,YANG QILIANG,CHEN YANLONG,et al.Modeling and simulation of taper leaf spring based on the discrete beam method[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology,2015,38(4):294-296+306.
[12]PRASADE UDAY,MEDEPALLI SUDHAKAR,MOOREDANIEL,et al.Beam element leaf spring suspension model development and assess-ment using road load data[C].SAE 2006 World Congress,De-troit,USA,April,2006.
[13]KADZIELA BARTOSZ,MANKA MICHAL,UHLTADEUSZ,et al.Validation and optimization of the leaf spring multibody numerical model[J].Archive of Applied Mechanics,2015,85(12):1899-1914.
[14]和兴锁.理论力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[2]席敏,刘桂萍,雷飞,等.考虑片间接触的汽车钢板弹簧动力学建模[J].汽车工程,2012,34(8):751-755.
[3]李小龙,赵又群,王健,等.多片钢板弹簧建模及悬架性能仿真[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2012,50(12):31-33.
[4]魏慧利,王新.汽车钢板弹簧CAE建模方法研究分析[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2017,55(2):45-48.
[5]孙学民,魏庆檀,辛昌然.基于ANSYS的汽车钢板弹簧非线性有限元分析[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2017,55(03):43-46.
[6]秦东晨,潘筱,陈立平,等.汽车钢板弹簧多体模型建立的一种方法[J].武汉理工大学学报,2007,29(5):111-14.
[7]沈香.浅析钢板弹簧变形对客车前轮定位参数的影响[J].轻型汽车技术,2016(4):28-30.
[8]余龙.钢板弹簧建模及其刚度对行驶平顺性影响分析[D].华中科技大学,2016.
[9]姚春革,杨孟杰,刘夫云.不同接触摩擦条件下多片钢板弹簧刚度分析[J].机械设计与研究,2017,33(2):69-71+75.
[10]卢荡,董益量,秦民,等.钢板弹簧动态力建模[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2011,41(S1):12-16.
[11]GONG HAIQING,YANG QILIANG,CHEN YANLONG,et al.Modeling and simulation of taper leaf spring based on the discrete beam method[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology,2015,38(4):294-296+306.
[12]PRASADE UDAY,MEDEPALLI SUDHAKAR,MOOREDANIEL,et al.Beam element leaf spring suspension model development and assess-ment using road load data[C].SAE 2006 World Congress,De-troit,USA,April,2006.
[13]KADZIELA BARTOSZ,MANKA MICHAL,UHLTADEUSZ,et al.Validation and optimization of the leaf spring multibody numerical model[J].Archive of Applied Mechanics,2015,85(12):1899-1914.
[14]和兴锁.理论力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.